Acceptable Conditions Research Articles

Stability of Chimpanzee Adenovirus Vectored Vaccines (ChAdOx1 and ChAdOx2) in Liquid and Lyophilised Formulations.

Adenovirus vectored vaccines have entered global use during the COVID-19 pandemic, and are in development for multiple other human and veterinary applications. An attraction of the technology is the suitability of the vaccines for storage at 2–8 °C for months. Widely used COVID-19 vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (University of Oxford/AstraZeneca) is based on a species E simian adenovirus. Species E simian serotypes have been used in a wide range of other development programs, but the stability of such vectors has not been extensively described in the peer-reviewed literature. Here, we explore the stability of two candidate vaccines based on two species E serotypes: a Rift Valley fever vaccine based upon the ChAdOx1 vector (Y25 serotype) used in ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, and a rabies vaccine based upon a ChAdOx2 vector (AdC68 serotype). We describe each vector’s stability in liquid and lyophilised formulations using in vitro and in vivo potency measurements. Our data support the suitability of liquid formulations of these vectors for storage at 2–8 °C for up to 1 year, and potentially for nonrefrigerated storage for a brief period during last-leg distribution (perhaps 1–3 days at 20 °C—the precise definition of acceptable last-leg storage conditions would require further product-specific data). Depending upon the level of inprocess potency loss that is economically acceptable, and the level of instorage loss that is compatible with maintenance of acceptable end-of-storage potency, a previously reported lyophilised formulation may enable longer term storage at 20 °C or storage for a number of days at 30 °C.

The Educational Practice of School-Age Educare Teachers Teaching Visual Art in Swedish Primary Schools

The purpose of this article is to increase the understanding of the challenges that Swedish school-age educare teachers with a certification in visual art experience in their everyday school practice. The study focus on the educational practice of teaching visual art from a holistic perspective which also includes the teachers’ perception of their overall work situation and their professional identity. Due to dual professional roles, these teachers are not only required to meet the criteria formulated in the syllabus of the subject visual art, but also to achieve the goals for the educare centre (National Agency of Education, 2019). The method used is in-depth individual interviews with nine teachers, together with observations of visual art lectures and the physical and material environment. The results provide insights into what it means to work as a school-age educare teacher teaching visual art in primary schools, struggling with limited resources and identity conflicts. The study highlights how teachers often end up in a struggle between individual agency and social structures since they have to resist, adjust and negotiate to get acceptable work conditions.

نساء خلد ذکرهن التاريخ

نساء خلد ذکرهن التاريخ صفية محمد محمد قسم الحديث وعلومه، کلية الدراسات الإسلامية والعربية (بنات)، جامعة الأزهر، القاهرة، مصر. البريد الإلکتروني:SafiaSarhan.2057@azhar.edu.eg ملخص البحث : هذا البحث والذى عنون له بـ (نساء خلد ذکرهن التاريخ)عبارة عن عرض لسيرة نخبة مختارة من النساء الخالدات التى ملأت صفحاتهن بالعطاء والتضحيات، لنقدم من خلال عرض سيرتهن لبناتنا القدوة، خاصة في هذا العالم الذي يموج بالتحديات والمشکلات التي تحاول صرف المرأة عن القيام بدورها وعرقلة مسيرة العطاء المتميز الذي تقدمه نساؤنا منذ فجر الإسلام، فيکون لهن فى سيرة أمهاتهم ما يقوى عزيمتهن، ويعلى هممهن، فيواصلن العطاء مقتديات بهن، سائرات على نهجهن.يهدف البحث إلى:تقديم القدوة الحسنة: فالإنسان بطبيعته يبحث دائما عن شخص يتبعه ويکون له القدوة، وليس هناک أروع من سيرة هؤلاء النساء الفاضلات، وبيان مکانة المرأة المسلمة فى ظل الإسلام، وما حباها به من رعاية وعناية، مماجعلها تنطلق مجتهدة مضحية تقدم فى سبيل نصرته ما لديها من أموال وبنين. وإبطال إدعاء أن الإسلام حقر من شأن المرأة و نال من کرامتها وأنزلها منزلة وضيعة و حرم عليها أن تتمتع بالحقوق التي يتمتع بها الرجال وإثبات أن المرأة المسلمة تحملت عبء الدعوة إلى الله تماما مثل الرجل. واتبع البحث المنهج الاستقرائي وخلصت هذه الدراسة إلى: 1ــ أن الآثار الواردة فى السير لا يتوفر فى الکثير منها شروط القبول 2ــ ولقد تضمنت السيرة النبوية مواقفا وأحداثا کثيرة تبرز حضور المرأة ودورها الفاعل في مجالات متعددة خدمة لدينها وأسرتها ومجتمعها وأمتها.3ــ إن المرأة عاشت في ظل هذا الدين، مکرمة ومتمتعة بکامل حقوقها تشارک أمتها في تحقيق آمالها وتخفيف آلامها. الکلمات المفتاحية: سيرة ، غزوة، شجاعة ، خديجة ، عائشة، أم سلمة ، أسماء بنت يزيد،ـ صفية بنت عبد المطلب. Women Immortalized in History Safiya Muhammad Muhammad Department of Hadith and its Sciences, Faculty of Islamic and Arabic Studies (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. Email: SafiaSarhan.2057@azhar.edu.eg Abstract: The present study entitled ‘women immortalized in history’ is a presentation of the biographical texts of a selected group of immortal women whose life were filled with giving and sacrifices. This presentation aims to provide a role model for our girls, especially in a world full of challenges and problems that attempt to distract women’s attention from playing their role, and hinder their path of significant contribution offered by women since the dawn of Islam. The biographies of the Prophet’s wives strengthen women’s resolve, so that they can follow in their footsteps and continue giving. The study aims to present a role model; man, by nature, always looks for someone to follow and set an example for him, and there is nothing more wonderful than the biography of these virtuous women. It aims to show the status of women in Islam, how they are greatly cared for; as a result, they become diligent women sacrificing for supporting Islam with all her money and children. It aims to dispel misconceptions that Islam belittles the role of women, degrades their dignity, and forbids them from enjoying the rights that men enjoy. It aims to prove that Muslim women have taken the burden of calling to Allah just like men. The study adopts an inductive approach and arrives at the following: 1. Most of what is found in the biographies does not meet conditions of acceptance. 2- The biography of the Prophet (PBUH) includes many situations and events that highlight the presence of women and their effective role in various fields to serve their religion, family, society, and nation. 3- Women under Islam have been respected and enjoying their full rights. They have participated in achieving the nation’s hopes and relieving its pain. Keywords: biography – war – bravery – Khadijah – Aisha - Umm Salamah- Safiya bint Abdul Muttalib - Safiyah bint Abdul Muttalib

FISH DIVERSITY, COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY OF RIVER BRAHMANI

River Brahmani is the second largest river system in Odisha and sustains rich diversity of fish and livelihood of fishers. In recent years a decline in fish catch due to various anthropogenic activities in the river basin is evident. The study analyses the present fish diversity, distribution pattern and community structure along the longitudinal gradient of the river and evaluates its ecological integrity applying a multimetric assessment method. Sixty fish species were recorded from the river, Cyprinidae being the dominant family. The middle and lower stretches of the river showed dominance of small bodied eurytopic, indigenous fish species with periodic and opportunistic life history strategies with decline of the Indian Major Carps. A trophic shift towards dominance of omnivorous species is evident. Non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed greater distribution and abundance of fish species with increasing river depth, along the river gradient. Assessment of biotic integrity showed that 27 % of the sampling sites in the river supported fish assemblage in acceptable condition. Key words: River Brahmani, fish diversity, community structure, ecological integrity

Remodelling the role of facilitating conditions for Google Classroom acceptance: A revision of UTAUT2

Online learning environments have become a contemporary component of global tertiary education due to their affordances. These environments are hinged on internet-based learning management systems and one such tool is Google Classroom. However, empirical studies have indicated that gaps exist in determining how Google Classroom influences students’ behavioural intention to use it for online learning. Accordingly, this study defines a model based on the unified theory of acceptance and technology 2 (UTAUT2) to examine the relationship between facilitating conditions and other variables towards intention formation for Google Classroom usage. Based on a mixed method using the explanatory sequential design, survey data from 163 students were initially analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling followed by a qualitative approach based on open-ended questions for thematic analysis. Results from the partial least squares structural equation modelling approach validated the hypothesised model confirming the significant predictive relationship of facilitating conditions with effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, habit and social influence but had an insignificant relationship with behavioural intention. Furthermore, hedonic motivation and habit were the main predictors of behavioural intention by masking the role of facilitating conditions. Subsequently, the qualitative outcome indicated that habit and perceived control of using Google applications influence hedonic motivation. Finally, recommendations were made to universities towards policy formation and practice of virtual learning using Google Classroom.
 Implications for practice or policy:
 
 Higher education institutions should create an environment for students to be motivated and enjoy Google Classroom use.
 Universities should provide Internet, technical and pedagogical support for students’ Google Classroom use.
 Universities should explain to students the affordances of using Google Classroom.
 Universities should encourage students to acquire access gadgets (smartphones or tablets) for Google Classroom use.

Clean Energy Goals Driving Utilities to Accelerate Pipeline Replacements and Leak Detection Technologies

Maintaining pipeline safety is a primary function of natural gas utilities, referring to a publicly acceptable condition in which society is protected against leak incidents that can lead to explosions, fires, and death. Replacing pipelines is a difficult task, especially those in densely populated areas dominated by paved surfaces. Pipelines are often co‐located with other electric, telecommunications and water infrastructures in approved “rights of way.” Local regulations often restrict street closures and hours that crews can work on utility infrastructure. While the probability of a pipeline incident is low the consequences of an incident can be substantial. Gas leaks release methane in the atmosphere and it is important to note that methane breaks up in the atmosphere more quickly. Repairing gas leaks could also have an immediate effect toward meeting global emission‐reduction goals.

Assessing the influence of street configurations on human thermal conditions in open balconies in the Mediterranean climate

Heat stress in the built environment has become a serious health and comfort issue, given the increases in Urban Heat Island effects, and augmenting impacts associated to climate change. This study deals with the potential correlations between human thermal conditions, the encircling microclimate, and the physical structure of the city. Through long-term numerical simulations, the disclosed study analyses the influence of the urban street configurations on the thermal bioclimate within urban canyons, specifically upon open balconies in the most populated district of Barcelona: The Eixample. The simulated thermal conditions were carried out in the human biometeorological RayMan Pro model using local climatic data, to determine the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) within four generated scenarios, with similar morphological properties of the Eixample district.The findings reveal that streets with axes oriented NS and SE-NW provide the best thermal conditions for balconies, achieving acceptable PET values (18 °C < PET <29 °C) on both façades. On the other hand, EW streets presented high thermal stress conditions (over 43,4% of the time) for those balconies located in the north side of the canyon. Open balconies at heights below 12 metres are the most comfortable ones during summer daytime, with acceptable thermal conditions that range between 50,4% and 82,5% of the time. The highest frequencies of acceptable thermal conditions were found on balconies located at 6 metres and 9 metres high on the east, south and southeast façades of the NS, EW and NE-SW oriented streets respectively (from 77% to 83% of the time). These configurations provide the most suitable thermal conditions during the studied summer periods by having frequencies of heat stress below 20%.Our results and recommendations contribute to bridge the gap between human biometeorology, public health, and architectural and urban planning. Some areas of its direct application are the use of balconies in periods of confinement; decision-making on the sale or rental of apartments; and the promotion of bioclimatic retrofit projects at an urban and architectural scale supported by local governments.

Assessing sprinkler systems performance with a novel experimental benchmark

Sprinkler systems are one of the most popular methods of irrigation worldwide. One of their key parameters is the so-called level of uniformity, i.e. every portion of the soil should be irrigated with the same amount of water. Assessing the level of uniformity is crucial for optimal design of sprinkler systems. In this manuscript, a novel experimental benchmark is presented in order to test irrigation sprinklers, assess their performance, and define their acceptable working conditions. Different sprinklers have been tested, their water application depth curves have been determined, and their performance has been evaluated using a combination of metrics. Results show that the majority of sprinklers are characterized by very good performance in terms of operating pressures in the range 2.0-3.0 bar and tend to decrease their efficiency for operating pressures outside of that range.

Effect of snow-covered ground albedo on the accuracy of air temperature measurements

Abstract. Solar radiation is one of the main factors which introduce significant deviations between thermometers reading and true air temperature value. Techniques to protect the sensors from direct radiative influence have been adopted almost since the beginning of meteorological observations. Reflected radiation from a snow-covered surface can also cause extra warming to thermometers hosted in solar shields, which are not always optimised to protect the sensors from this further radiative heat transfer. This phenomenon can cause errors in near-surface temperature measurements results, with a relevant impact on the quality of data records and series. This study experimentally evaluates the effect of reflected radiation from a snow-covered surface on the accuracy of air temperature measurements. The investigation is based on the evaluation of temperature differences between pairs of identical instruments, positioned above ground covered by natural vegetation, with one instrument in snow-free conditions and the other above a snow-covered surface, at the same time and at the same site. The work involved a representative number of sensors and shields, in terms of different typologies, technologies and engineering solutions, from different manufacturers. A mountain site with acceptable field conditions, offering long-lasting snow presence to maximise data availability, was selected to perform the experiment. Quantities of influence, such as relative humidity, wind speed and direction and solar radiation (global and reflected), were constantly measured. The main findings of this work show that none of the involved instruments were immune to the extra heating due to the snow-reflected radiation. Excluding nighttimes and days of high wind or low incident radiation, the differences among sensors positioned above natural soil and identical ones exposed to snow albedo ranged up to more than 3 ∘C. Solar screens with forced ventilation showed a partially reduced effect compared to most of the naturally ventilated ones. A full data analysis is reported here, together with complete results and uncertainties.

Performance Standards and Acceptable Test Conditions for Preventive Termiticide and Insecticide Treatments, Termite Baiting Systems, and Physical Barriers for New Structures or Buildings under Construction (Pre-Construction; During Construction; Post-Construction)

Florida Administrative Code (FAC) 5E-2.0311, “Performance Standards and Acceptable Test Conditions for Preventive Termite Treatments for New Construction,” approved in 2003, currently remains without change as originally written. This Code requires broad revision to include updating existing and new termite management methods and technologies, describing acceptable testing protocols that objectively evaluate termite management product efficacy, and clearly and accurately define product performance standards required for approval and use in Florida, USA. This manuscript provides modification and expansion of the existing Code, first in outline form, then followed by a proposed complete revision including detailed explanations for each outline heading and sub-heading. Efficacy requirements, acceptable test conditions, and performance standards requirements are described for termite management products, materials, and non-chemical physical exclusion barriers. We also include testing protocols for field plot and structure efficacy tests. Minimum performance standards also are described for field plots and structure tests to include: (1) termiticide applications to soil, (2) termite baiting systems, (3) pesticides applied directly to wood and building components, (4) pesticide combination mixtures, and (5) new application technologies, products, and methodologies. Although this manuscript addresses revision of a specific Florida Administrative Code, it also is appropriate for consideration by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) as well as regulatory entities in other states responsible for pesticide regulation and consumer protection services when writing or revising their code requirements for termite management.

Analisis Signifikansi Roda Skateboard Berbahan Komposit Serbuk Batang Pisang Terhadap Perfoma Kecepatan Dengan Metode Anova

In general, skateboard wheels are made from a mixture of polyurethane (PU) so that they are elastic, lightweight, and strong. However, this material is classified as a toxic material, difficult to obtain, and the price is relatively expensive. Therefore, alternative raw materials that are more environmentally friendly, non-toxic, easy to find, and have sufficient availability are needed. Banana trees are the most abundant and easily found plants in Indonesia , especially Medan . This tree has a soft structure and absorbs vibrations. Thus, the research was conducted to obtain the characteristics of skateboard wheel products from banana stem powder (SBP) composite material as an alternative raw material. The purpose of this study was to analyze the speed of skateboards made of PU (commercial) and SB P in order to obtain the optimum composition of SB P for the manufacture of skateboard wheels. The test uses a sliding platform with a slope of 30 o against a flat plane. The number of variations consists of the composition of SB P 5%, 10%, and 15%. As a control, commercial PU wheels were also tested. Analysis of data using the analysis method of mean variation (ANOVA) with the condition of acceptance of the hypothesis H 0 at a <0.05. The results obtained are that there is an increase in the speed of skateboards made of SB P composite up to 6, 85% compared to commercial wheels. Based on the Anova test results, it was found that the application of SB P composite materials as raw material for skateboard wheels was proven to significantly increase the speed performance of these wheels.

Community structure of macrobenthos in homestead ponds of Noakhali coast, Bangladesh

The integrity of the homestead pond supply depends on how various macrobenthic communities make their living more diversified and contribute to complex food webs. In addition, the macrobenthic community are significantly used as indicator organisms to detect the pollution impacts in aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we show the data about the diversity and community structure of macrobenthos and their relationship with environmental variables in homestead ponds of Noakhali coast from January 2019 to August 2019. The current study yielded 17 species belonging to seven taxonomic groups with a mean density of 3630 ind./m2. The Nematode community, comprising 48.86% of the total taxonomic groups with Prionchulus sp. as the dominant macrobenthic species represented more than 31% of the total macrobenthic taxa, and showed a significant negative correlation with the value of salinity, DO, pH. The environmental variables and diversity indices were detected significant variations (P < 0.05) among stations by the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, whereas Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H´) assessed moderate pollution, Evenness index (J) assessed uniform distributions of macrobenthic community, and environmental variables showed acceptable condition for the productivity of ponds. Cluster analysis (CA) and Non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) demonstrate demarcations in the community structure of macrobenthos between samples. Within macrobenthic communities, Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) provided insights and interpretations of the relationships between species and environmental gradients. Macrobenthic community reached the most abundance at a lower temperature, transparency and a higher DO, pH and salinity.

Evaluation of Cold Chain Management Performance for Temperature-Sensitive Pharmaceuticals at Public Health Facilities Supplied by the Jimma Pharmaceuticals Supply Agency Hub, Southwest Ethiopia: Pharmaceuticals Logistic Management Perspective Using a Multicentered, Mixed-Method Approach.

Background Effective and efficient cold chain management maximizes utilization of healthcare resources, reduces cold chain products wastage, and improves the quality of health services. It eventually guarantees that clients receive cold chain products they need at service delivery points. The objective of this study was to evaluate cold chain management performance for temperature-sensitive medicines at public health facilities in Southwest Ethiopia supplied by the Jimma Pharmaceuticals Fund and Supply Agency hub. Method and Materials. The study used an institution-based cross-sectional study design. Forty-seven (47) public health facilities in Southwest Ethiopia were evaluated using checklists adopted from the Logistic Indicators Assessment Tool, Vaccine Management Assessment Tool, and Logistic System Assessment Tool. Results The study revealed that the mean availability of essential cold chain products was 72.1 ± 14.8% while the average stock-out rate was 26.2 ± 8.6%. The median stock-out duration was 23 ± 21 days for all visited public health facilities. Two hundred and sixty-three (43.06 ± 15.3%) of the public health facilities' stock records were found accurate, and the wastage rate due to expiration was 9.2 ± 7.8% for all visited health facilities. Thirty public health facilities (63.8 ± 36.2%) had acceptable storage conditions. Conclusions and Recommendations. Supply chain performance at the study facilities was not adequate overall, and focused efforts need to be directed at managing the availability of critical cold chain medicines. Some cold chain management challenges demand the attention of the top management, while the rest can be addressed by operational management at the facilities through provision of appropriate training and supervision of the cold chain pharmaceutical handlers.

Depth resolution of transmission ERDA for H in Al under nuclear-elastically enhanced recoiling of H by 8 MeV He

Using stacked samples of Al foil and H-containing resin film, we have carried out elastic recoil detection analysis with transmission layout (T-ERDA) to investigate the depth resolution in the measurements of H distribution in Al. For narrow and wide acceptance conditions of the detector, the depth resolutions of 1.5–4.9 μm at several depths in Al of 50 and 80 μm thicknesses have been determined for incidence of 8 MeV 4He. While the main factor to degrade the depth resolution is the energy straggling of recoil H for narrow acceptance conditions, it is the extended low-energy side of the H spectrum for wide acceptance conditions. The knowledge obtained in this work is useful for analysis of 3D images of H distribution measured by T-ERDA, for example, future analysis of minerals or natural glass samples to determine abundances and distributions of water or OH in the samples.

Evaluation of the impact of deep neuromuscular blockade on surgical conditions for laryngeal microsurgery with High Frequency Jet Ventilation. A comparison with no block during intravenous general anesthesia with topical lidocaine

ObjectiveLaryngeal transoral surgery classically requires a neuromuscular block (NMB) to facilitate tracheal intubation and to improve surgical conditions. However, the short duration of most procedures and the potential complications of residual NMB lead to consider a no block approach. The hypothesis that intravenous anesthesia (remifentanil and propofol infusions) without NMB but including glottis topical lidocaine anesthesia would allow clinically acceptable laryngeal exposure and good surgical conditions was tested in the specific context of procedures undergone with High Frequency Jet Ventilation (HFJV). Study designA prospective randomized clinical comparison. Methods66 consenting patients were planned to receive 0.6 mg·kg−1 rocuronium or saline at random. The outcome measurements included the time and conditions to complete suspended laryngoscopy, and the surgical conditions rated by the surgeon. Any vocal cord movement or coughing was recorded. Data were compared using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test for numerical variables and chi-square test for categorical ones. Treatment failure was defined as an impossible laryngoscopy or a grade 4 surgical field occurring at any time during surgery and was compared to its null theoretical value by a general z-test. An interim analysis after completion of 50% patients was performed using Pocock boundaries at 0.0294 significance levels. ResultsA significant failure rate occurred in the non paralysed group (27%, p < 0.001). No coughing and no vocal cords movement occurred in the NMB group. Poorer surgical conditions were obtained without NMB (p = 0.011). ConclusionInducing a deep NMB ensured improved conditions during direct laryngeal microsurgery with HFJV.

Electrodeposited Co-P alloy and composite coatings: A review of progress towards replacement of conventional hard chromium deposits

Hard chromium coatings have attracted much attention due to their strong tribological and corrosion performance. There is a global need to replace such coatings in industrial applications owing to technical problems, environmental concerns and legislation. Co-P electrodeposits are a promising alternative to hard chromium in a variety of engineering applications due to their appreciable microhardness and high corrosion resistance . Attractive magnetic, tribomechanical and electrical properties are evident together with excellent thermal stability. Environmentally acceptable process conditions may be used which allow controlled deposition on diverse workpieces across a wide scale. This review provides an overview of the influence of operational parameters, including type of current control, electrolyte composition, pH, current density and electrolyte agitation on the physicochemical and mechanical characteristics of the deposits. The incorporation of ceramic particles into Co-P electrodeposits to produce tailored composite coatings is also considered. An insight is given into the development of next generation alloy and composite deposits to replace hard chromium deposits from acidic Cr(VI) baths. Diverse applications for Co-P electrodeposits are considered and topics deserving further R & D are highlighted. • A concise overview of Co-P alloy electrodeposits is provided. • The most common types of bath used for Co-P electrodeposition are considered. • The influence of operating conditions on properties of deposits is addressed. • Effects of included particles on deposit characteristics are comprehensively discussed. • Potential applications of Co-P films are highlighted.

Consolidating efficacy of diammonium hydrogen phosphate on artificially aged and naturally weathered coarse-grained marble

• Naturally weathered marble in granular disintegration has increased porosity. • Artificially aged marble in granular disintegration was obtained by heating. • DAP can successfully consolidate weathered coarse-grained marble. • DAP efficacy is comparable on artificially aged and naturally weathered marble. • DAP improves the condition of marble from Roman Villa of Pisões. The effects induced by diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP) on coarse marble varieties susceptible to granular disintegration as consolidation material is still poorly addressed. The work aims at investigating the behavior and efficacy of diammonium hydrogen phosphate(DAP)-based consolidant prepared in laboratory onto weathered coarse-grained marbles and, in the process, to unveil if the treatment investigated is a possible option to consolidate Trigaches marble elements from Roman Villa of Pisões. Sound, artificially and naturally weathered coarse marble samples were used for the purpose. The condition of naturally weathered marble slabs was assessed to reproduce artificially aged samples and used for testing the efficacy of DAP consolidant. Naturally weathered slab fragments showed a uniform damage in depth, an increased porosity and water absorption, and very similar conditions were successfully achieved in laboratory by heating sound marbles up to 300 °C for 1 h. DAP consolidant has low viscosity and can easily penetrate within the porous structure of coarse marble in granular disintegration. It promotes the formation of new calcium phosphate phases with binding capabilities that partially restore cohesion in-depth. Alteration of the color was negligible which is also a positive characteristic. Pilot tests in naturally weathered marbles revealed some interference of superficial bioorganisms residues in the absorption of DAP, however this was able to treat the entire thickness of the slab fragments, improving its cohesion state to an acceptable or good condition. Good correlations between the results of artificial aged samples with those of naturally weathered marble were achieved and the DAP-based treatment revealed to be an effective option to consolidate Trigaches marble elements from Roman Villa of Pisões.

Psychrometric Analysis of a Fully Mechanized Underground Coal Mine and Establishment of Acceptable Climate Conditions

Psychrometric Analysis of a Fully Mechanized Underground Coal Mine and Establishment of Acceptable Climate Conditions

Comparison between Rocuronium and Succinylcholine for Rapid Sequence Induction in Adult: Experience of A Referral Hospital in Central Africa

Background: A l’état actuel des connaissances, l’ISR reste le meilleur compromis pour l’intubation des patientts à estomac plein. Le curare de référence reste la succinylcholine à la posologie de 1 mg/kg. En cas de contre-indication, le rocuronium (1,2 mg/kg) peut être utilisé si l’on possède son antidote: le sugammadex utilisé pour lever la curarisation en cas de difficulté d’intubation. Aim of study: the aim of study was to describe and compare the intubation conditions offered by succinylcholine and rocuronium in rapid sequence induction at the Essos hospital in Cameroon. Methods: This was a descriptive, prospective and comparative study, randomized single-blind, from June 2018 to January 2019. It took place in the anesthesia-intensive care unit of the Essos hospital in Cameroon. The adult patients, seen in consultation with anesthesia for urgent surgery under general anesthesia with RSI were included in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: celocurine group (1mg/kg) and rocuronium group (1,2mg/kg). For each patient, the tracheal intubation conditions were assessed according to the score proposed by the work of Viby-Mongensen et al in 1999. Data were entered from Microsoft Word 2016 software, and were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software. Results: The cohort was predominantly young with 44.28% of ASA I class participants and 37.5% of ASA II class. Fasciculations were the main side effect (42.85%) experienced by patients in the celocurine group, followed by hypotension (17.14%) and tachycardia (8.57%). The main side effects of patients in the rocuronium group were hypotension (5.71%) and bradycardia (2.85%). The intubation conditions were "excellent" in 90% of cases and "good" in 10% of cases in both groups. Conclusion: Rocuronium and succinylcholine provide excellent and acceptable intubation conditions with minimal side effects.

Do algorithms discriminate against African Americans in lending?

Vast evidence exists of discrimination in lending against African Americans. Does such widespread discrimination persist in peer-to-peer lending, in the absence of information about borrowers’ ethnicity? To investigate this question, we gather data from a large peer-to-peer lender that uses algorithms and no face-to-face interviews to determine loan approval and conditions. With data from 3.6 million loan applications and 817,000 granted loans during 2016 and 2017, we perform regressions of loan acceptance and loan conditions on the percentage of African American residents by 3-digit zip area. The evidence shows the persistence of discrimination in peer-to-peer lending against African American borrowers. In areas with higher proportions of African American residents, the results reveal higher loan rejection, higher loan spread, and shorter loan maturity. Discrimination in peer-to-peer lending also affects Native American and Asian borrowers. Thus, the expansion of peer-to-peer lending cannot end discrimination in lending.