Unit Acceleration Research Articles

水稻精量化条直播播种无人机的设计与试验

In order to solve the problem that the wind field disturbs the trajectory of falling seeds and causes the seeds to be unable to be arranged in equidistant rows when the UAV is spreading rice, a shot seeding device that can sow five rows of pelleted rice seeds at the same time was designed. The unit is centered on an external grooved wheel seed metering device and a seed acceleration unit for row seeding and hole sowing. The airflow simulation of the rotor wind field of the UAV was carried out by simulation software to explore the changes in the wind field of the UAV during operation. The position where the wind field disturbance is minimized is chosen for the seed guide tube arrangement. The position with the least wind field disturbance is chosen to arrange the seed guide tube and combine it with a seed acceleration device to reduce the influence of the UAV wind field airflow on the direction of seed movement. The operational effectiveness of the seeding device with and without wind was verified by an indoor test and an outdoor flight seeding test, respectively. Simulation results show that: when the mouth of the seed guide pipe is 0.9 m away from the paddle, the wind field has the smallest influence on the sowing results. The results of the bench test show that: when the rotational speed is 30-45 r/min, the coefficient of variation of the discharge rate of each row (CVR) and total seed discharge rate stability (CVT) are less than 1.98% and 0.84%, and the seed breakage rate is less than 0.95%, which all conform to the UAV fly sowing industry standards. The outdoor mud box test shows that: when the baffle angle changes by 26%, 58%, and 71%, each slot wheel hole can store 5-10, 3-5 and 1-3 seeds respectively, and the UAV operates at a speed of 2 m/s-3 m/s, the pass rate of hybrid rice is greater than 86%, which meets the agronomic requirements of rice sowing operation.

Towards efficient RAN slicing: A deep hierarchical reinforcement learning approach

Radio access network (RAN) slicing can significantly improve network flexibility and resource utilization efficiency. Generally, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is a prevailing approach to implementing practicable resource management in RAN slicing. However, this demand-aware resource allocation suffers from long training time and slow execution efficiency. This can lead to the inability to quickly achieve the desired spectral efficiency and service level agreement satisfaction rate. To tackle this issue, we propose a novel RAN slicing resource allocation framework based on a deep hierarchical RL framework for efficient resource scheduling. Structurally, our framework consists of a policy selection network and a policy evaluation network. In particular, a newly built action acceleration unit can achieve quick reward accumulation, thus speeding up the optimal policy search. Extensive simulations show that our proposal has higher system utility and faster convergence compared to the state-of-the-art DRL algorithms.

State primary special standard of acceleration unit in the field of gravimetry GET 190-2023: reproduction and transmission of the unit under the influence of geophysical factors

The relevance of research on the reproduction and transmission of the acceleration unit in gravimetry is determined by the development of measuring instruments for the absolute value of the acceleration of free fall and its changes. Qualitative and quantitative changes in the instrument base are due to the requirements of applied tasks solved using gravimetric data in such fields as geodesy, navigation, geodynamics, as well as the expansion of the field of practical application of absolute gravimeters. At the same time, in order to solve applied problems, along with accuracy requirements at a level close to the maximum achievable at the current level of technology development, maximum territorial coverage of measurement sites within the entire territory of the Russian Federation is often necessary. The accuracy of the results obtained with the help of measuring instruments is determined by the level of their metrological support, the main stages of which are the reproduction of the corresponding unit by the standard and its transfer to the measuring instrument. An analysis of possible sources of errors in gravimetric equipment has shown that when reproducing and transmitting the acceleration unit in gravimetry, it is necessary to take into account the influence of geophysical factors that manifest themselves as additional accelerations of a gravitational or inertial nature. The distribution of the gravitational field within a gravimetric point can manifest itself as an additional constant acceleration. Seismic processes and lunar and solar tides manifest themselves as variable accelerations. For various stages of metrological support of gravimetric devices, the mechanisms of the effects of such accelerations have been studied, as well as methods for accounting and reducing their influence using additional equipment have been developed. An additional gravimetric point with a cryogenic relative gravimeter and a broadband seismometer, as well as transported absolute ballistic and relative quartz gravimeters, were introduced into the State primary special standard of acceleration units in the field of gravimetry GET 190-2023.

Adaptive neural acceleration unit based on heterogeneous multicore hardware architecture FPGA and software-defined hardware

ABSTRACT This study is anchored in a heterogeneous multicore hardware architecture, specifically Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), and software-defined hardware. It employs dynamic planning for the reconfiguration of a software-defined System-on-Chip (SOC) to expedite neural network processes. The reconfigured software-defined SOC serves as an efficient data processor, facilitating the hybrid development and verification of domain-specific System-on-Chip architectures, adhering to the Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) standard. The proposed block data trimming methodology significantly enhances overall hybrid computing efficiency by mitigating throughput limitations inherent in Systolic array hardware. The designed Systolic array Matrix Multiply Unit (MMU) is evaluated for a maximum MMU size of 32 × 32 and 1,024 Multiply Accumulator (MAC) units. Hybrid dynamic circuits are devised for the synthesis of int8, int16, int32, and int64 data types and associated logic circuits to validate the performance of parallel computing. It is anticipated that this proposed system can find utility in the development and deployment of unmanned devices, as well as in the integration of deep learning and multi-sensory fusion involving acoustic, tactile, and force sensory components.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Obstacles Uncovering System for Slender Pathways Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles with Automatic Image Localization Technique

In this study, unidentified flying machines are built with real-time monitoring in mid-course settings for obstacle avoidance in mind. The majority of the currently available methods are implemented as comprehensive monitoring systems, with significant success in monitored applications like bridges, railways, etc. So, the predicted model is developed exclusively for specific monitoring settings, as opposed to the broad conditions that are used by the current approaches. Also, in the design model, the first steps are taken by limiting the procedure to specific heights, and the input thrust that is provided for take up operation is kept to a minimum. Due to the improved altitudes, the velocity and acceleration units have been cranked up on purpose, making it possible to sidestep intact objects. In addition, Advanced Image Mapping Localization (AIML) is used to carry out the implementation process, which identifies stable sites at the correct rotation angle. Besides, Cyphal protocol integration improves the security of the data-gathering process by transmitting information gathered from sensing devices. The suggested system is put to the test across five different case studies, where the designed Unmanned aerial vehicle can able to detect 25 obstacles in the narrow paths in considered routs but existing approach can able to identify only 14 obstacle in the same routes.

Fault-Tolerant Hardware Acceleration for High-Performance Edge-Computing Nodes

High-performance embedded systems with powerful processors, specialized hardware accelerators, and advanced software techniques are all key technologies driving the growth of the IoT. By combining hardware and software techniques, it is possible to increase the overall reliability and safety of these systems by designing embedded architectures that can continue to function correctly in the event of a failure or malfunction. In this work, we fully investigate the integration of a configurable hardware vector acceleration unit in the fault-tolerant RISC-V Klessydra-fT03 soft core, introducing two different redundant vector co-processors coupled with the Interleaved-Multi-Threading paradigm on which the microprocessor is based. We then illustrate the pros and cons of both approaches, comparing their impacts on performance and hardware utilization with their vulnerability, presenting a quantitative large-fault-injection simulation analysis on typical vector computing benchmarks, and comparing and classifying the obtained results. The results demonstrate, under specific conditions, that it is possible to add a hardware co-processor to a fault-tolerant microprocessor, improving performance without degrading safety and reliability.

RF measurement and tuning for an Alvarez-type drift tube linear accelerator without post couplers

Alvarez-type Drift Tube Linacs (DTLs) are commonly adopted to accelerate the proton or heavy ion beam with the speed range about 0.04∼0.4 times of the light speed in vacuum. Acquisition of appropriate frequency and distribution of the electromagnetic field, and the field stability inside the Alvarez-type DTL cavity are essential to achieve good beam characteristics. The field requirement can be achieved through tuning by tuners and post couplers when the cavity is off-line. The field stability of cavity is usually measured by the tilt sensitivity and the minimum frequency interval between the operation mode and the nearest neighbor mode. The frequency interval will increase with the reduction of the number of the acceleration units (cells) inside the cavity, which is beneficial to fulfill the tilt sensitivity requirement. If the field stability condition is naturally satisfied, the post couplers inside the DTL cavity are not needed, and the cavity frequency and field distribution can be tuned merely by tuners. In this paper, the tuning method based on the pseudo-inverse matrix is applied to the Alvarez-type DTL cavity without post couplers in Xi’an 200 MeV proton application facility (XiPAF). The method is improved by an expanded matrix algorithm and the tuning process is optimized to expedite the iteration during the tuning. The XiPAF DTL cavity has 23 cells and 5 tuners. By adjusting the insertion depths of the tuners, the tuning was achieved in merely one round of iteration. After tuning, the relative error of the peak field distribution and resonant frequency of the cavity reached to within ±3% and 325 ± 0.007 MHz (25°C, vacuum), respectively. It was verified that the field stability meets the requirement from the physical design both before and after tuning.

Strategies to Improve the Quality of Arabic Language Education at the Public Service Entity (BLU) State Islamic Higher Education

The purposes of this study were to describe and analyze the strategies for improving the quality of Arabic language education in BLU State Islamic Higher Education at UIN SATU Tulungagung and UIN Maliki Malang. The main problem faced by BLU (Public Service Agency) organizers, including PTKIN (State Islamic Higher Education Institution) that has BLU status, is the lack of alignment in understanding among stakeholders. UIN SATU Tulungagung and UIN Maliki Malang have successfully implemented specific strategies in managing their BLU campuses. This qualitative study used theoretical orientation/perspective analysis method with a phenomenological approach. The strategies implemented in UIN SATU Tulungagung included: a) Forming a BLU acceleration unit, b) Funding for improving the quality of Arabic language education which came not only from UKT, and c) BLU UIN SATU Tulungagung supported the improvement of the quality of Arabic language education with a principle of not being profit oriented. The strategies implemented in UIN Maliki Malang consisted of three strategies: a) National Contribution, providing solutions to community problems while considering the priority of achieving UIN Maliki Malang's target criteria; b) International Reputation, accelerating the achievement of UIN Maliki Malang's target criteria as a research university and world-class university; and c) Organizational Transformation, ensuring the successful implementation of PKBLU by adhering to the principles of transparency, accountability, responsibility, independence, and fairness.

Cloud-Edge Architecture With Virtualized Hardware Functionality for Real-Time Diagnosis of Transients in Smart Grids

Edge Cloud is providing unprecedented opportunities for IoT and WAMS (Wide Area Monitoring Systems) in electrical grid operation. It is an orchestrated environment able to address low latency events through appropriate edge-cloud computing configurations.Transient State Estimation (TSE) is a key monitoring tool for capturing a reliable knowledge of the Smart Grid status in real-time, given the impediments introduced by the increasing penetration of Distributed Energy Resources in the energy mix. Frequency response anomalies, large scale transients, and voltage swings can be captured by TSE for real time or post failure data analytics. This work presents a cloud edge framework for the efficient calculation of TSE which, albeit its benefits, demands high computational resources at the edge (close to the measurement units) along with ultra low latency communications. The framework enables TSE as a service through the coordination of Virtual Machines (VMs) running on virtualized infrastructure and other non-virtualized physical nodes. In order to support the stringent time requirements, part of the TSE is offloaded to dedicated hardware acceleration units (FPGA). The proposed TSE framework is validated using an IEEE 30-bus, and the results show a significant superiority in terms of total latency compared to conventional cloud and edge deployments.

Media entrepreneurship skills in Latin American universities social communication and journalism programs

This study analyzes the social communication and journalism programs accredited by the Latin American Council for Accreditation of Education in Journalism and Communication (CLAEP) to identify the competencies and subjects whose expected learning outcomes contribute to general innovative professional profiles in media entrepreneurship. The study is a qualitative, descriptive study in which in-depth interviews were conducted with deans, program directors, and lecturers in communication, and syllabi and programs of the subjects that contribute to strengthening the components of entrepreneurship and innovation were analyzed. The main conclusions make it clear that entrepreneurial profiles should be strengthened since there are market opportunities for future communication and journalism professionals; there is no traceability in the projects developed in the different subjects in a way that allows for the strengthening of the entrepreneurial proposal; these reach an ideation and prototyping phase, which does not allow for the transfer of entrepreneurship to acceleration and growth units external to the program. Likewise, a proposal for the design of expected learning results is made for programs to use in their curricular designs to strengthen the profile and competencies in innovative entrepreneurship on the basis of eight categories: 1) identify the conditioning factors that determine entrepreneurship from its context, from the form they acquire to be recognized before the state and society as media and from the elements that configure their operational functioning; 2) understand the logics of the entrepreneurial ecosystem; 3) develop capacities in entrepreneurship; 4) manage media and journalistic projects; 5) design business models; 6) generate innovation processes, prototyping, and product testing; 7) obtain resources to accelerate entrepreneurship; and 8) establish growth and consolidation plans.

Calculation Model of Bottom Hole Flowing Pressure of Double-Layer Combined Production in Coalbed Methane Wells

Bottom hole flowing pressure (BHFP) is the key factor to determine a reasonable working system and achieve long-term stable production of coalbed methane (CBM) wells. However, there is no special BHFP model for double-layer combined production (DLCP). Generally, the constant mass model (CMM) for single-layer production is applied to treat the double reservoirs as a whole, ignoring the changes of fluid mass in each section and the acceleration pressure drop in the reservoir section. The calculation results have great errors, and the BHFP of the lower reservoir is used to adjust the production system of the two reservoirs, which does not meet the requirements of the upper reservoir. In this paper, the expression of acceleration pressure drop assumed to be zero in CMM is decomposed and derived, the relationship between acceleration pressure drop and unit length radial flow is established, and then the pressure drop formula of reservoir section with radial inflow is obtained. The reservoir is divided into several sublayers, and the pressure drop equation for each sublayer is established. According to the water flow and gas flow in the reservoir and nonreservoir sections, the corresponding velocity equations of water phase and gas phase are derived. The above equations are combined to establish the variable mass model (VMM) for DLCP with three stages. The field data are substituted into the VMM and the CMM, and the accuracy of the new model is verified. The results show that in the stages of double-layer water production and double-layer gas production, the errors of the two models are less than 5%, while in the stage of gas-water coproduction, the error of the VMM is 2.75%-6.58%, and the error of the CMM is 7.15%-15.18%. The VMM is more accurate. In addition, in the stages of water production and gas-water coproduction during DLCP, the BHFP of the two reservoirs differs greatly, with a maximum difference of 49.1%. Therefore, the two reservoirs need to adjust the production rule according to their respective BHFP. To sum up, the VMM can accurately give the BHFP of each reservoir, which is more realistic. It also solves the problem that one BHFP cannot accurately adjust the production rule of the two reservoirs, so as to provide technical support for the formulation of optimal production rule and the realization of high production.

ВПЛИВ ТЕМПЕРАТУРИ НА ПРАЦЕЗДАТНІСТЬ ПАЛИВНОЇ СИСТЕМИ КОСМІЧНИХ ЛІТАЛЬНИХ АПАРАТІВ

The tasks that modern spacecraft must solve during the flight task are constantly becoming more complicated. Accordingly, the conditions for the functioning of all systems and, above all, the fuel system are complicated. This system should provide the engines of the aircraft with fuel components when they start and operate under conditions of action of a variable field of mass forces, that is, in conditions of practical weightlessness. In these conditions, the nature of the impact on the performance of the fuel system of various external and internal factors changes significantly.
 The paper analyzes the degree of influence of the temperature of the structural elements of the spacecraft and liquid fuel on the performance of individual components of the fuel system. Some existing approaches to this issue are considered and it is concluded that it is necessary to conduct further research in this direction in order to improve existing and create new, more modern, fuel systems of multipurpose spacecraft and acceleration units.

Processor Security: Detecting Microarchitectural Attacks via Count-Min Sketches

The continuous quest for performance pushed processors to incorporate elements such as multiple cores, caches, acceleration units, or speculative execution that make systems very complex. On the other hand, these features often expose unexpected vulnerabilities that pose new challenges. For example, the timing differences introduced by caches or speculative execution can be exploited to leak information or detect activity patterns. Protecting embedded systems from existing attacks is extremely challenging, and it is made even harder by the continuous rise of new microarchitectural attacks (e.g., the Spectre and Orchestration attacks). In this article, we present a new approach based on count-min sketches for detecting microarchitectural attacks in the microprocessors featured by embedded systems. The idea is to add to the system a security checking module (without modifying the microprocessor under protection) in charge of observing the fetched instructions and identifying and signaling possible suspicious activities without interfering with the nominal activity of the system. The proposed approach can be programmed at design time (and reprogrammed after deployment) in order to always keep updated the list of the attacks that the checker is able to identify. We integrated the proposed approach in a large RISC-V core, and we proved its effectiveness in detecting several versions of the Spectre, Orchestration, Rowhammer, and Flush + Reload attacks. In its best configuration, the proposed approach has been able to detect 100% of the attacks, with no false alarms and introducing about 10% area overhead, about 4% power increase, and without working frequency reduction.

A Power-Efficient Brain-Machine Interface System With a Sub-mw Feature Extraction and Decoding ASIC Demonstrated in Nonhuman Primates.

Intracortical brain-machine interfaces have shown promise for restoring function to people with paralysis, but their translation to portable and implantable devices is hindered by their high power consumption. Recent devices have drastically reduced power consumption compared to standard experimental brain-machine interfaces, but still require wired or wireless connections to computing hardware for feature extraction and inference. Here, we introduce a Neural Recording And Decoding (NeuRAD) application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) in 180 nm CMOS that can extract neural spiking features and predict two-dimensional behaviors in real-time. To reduce amplifier and feature extraction power consumption, the NeuRAD has a hardware accelerator for extracting spiking band power (SBP) from intracortical spiking signals and includes an M0 processor with a fixed-point Matrix Acceleration Unit (MAU) for efficient and flexible decoding. We validated device functionality by recording SBP from a nonhuman primate implanted with a Utah microelectrode array and predicting the one- and two-dimensional finger movements the monkey was attempting to execute in closed-loop using a steady-state Kalman filter (SSKF). Using the NeuRAD's real-time predictions, the monkey achieved 100% success rate and 0.82 s mean target acquisition time to control one-dimensional finger movements using just 581 μW. To predict two-dimensional finger movements, the NeuRAD consumed 588 μW to enable the monkey to achieve a 96% success rate and 2.4 s mean acquisition time. By employing SBP, ASIC brain-machine interfaces can close the gap to enable fully implantable therapies for people with paralysis.

FPGA-Based BNN Architecture in Time Domain with Low Storage and Power Consumption

With the increasing demand for convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in many edge computing scenarios and resource-limited settings, researchers have made efforts to apply lightweight neural networks on hardware platforms. While binarized neural networks (BNNs) perform excellently in such tasks, many implementations still face challenges such as an imbalance between accuracy and computational complexity, as well as the requirement for low power and storage consumption. This paper first proposes a novel binary convolution structure based on the time domain to reduce resource and power consumption for the convolution process. Furthermore, through the joint design of binary convolution, batch normalization, and activation function in the time domain, we propose a full-BNN model and hardware architecture (Model I), which keeps the values of all intermediate results as binary (1 bit) to reduce storage requirements by 75%. At the same time, we propose a mixed-precision BNN structure (model II) based on the sensitivity of different layers of the network to the calculation accuracy; that is, the layer sensitive to the classification result uses fixed-point data, and the other layers use binary data in the time domain. This can achieve a balance between accuracy and computing resources. Lastly, we take the MNIST dataset as an example to test the above two models on the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) platform. The results show that the two models can be used as neural network acceleration units with low storage requirements and low power consumption for classification tasks under the condition that the accuracy decline is small. The joint design method in the time domain may further inspire other computing architectures. In addition, the design of Model II has certain reference significance for the design of more complex classification tasks.

Seismic Stability of Dual Tunnels in Cohesive–Frictional Soil Subjected to Surcharge Loading

In this study, a self-developed adaptive finite element limit analysis (AFELA) code was adopted to explore the stability of dual tunnels in cohesive–frictional soil subjected to surcharge loading and seismic action. Parametric studies of different influential factors, including the depth of tunnels, horizontal distance between tunnels, seismic acceleration coefficient, unit weight, cohesion and internal friction angle of soils, were conducted using the AFELA code. An adaptive meshing technique was adopted for optimal accuracy and efficiency, and a pseudostatic method was used to simulate the seismic action. Strict upper bound (UB) and lower bound (LB) results with relative errors of less than 7% were acquired. Detailed design tables were presented to facilitate the engineering design, and three typical failure patterns, including single side-wall failure, half-cross-shaped failure and cross-shaped failure, corresponding to different stable levels, were summarized for a deeper insight into how the failure mechanism evolved under different conditions. The results indicated that the variations in soil unit weight and void depth affected the seismic bearing capacity almost linearly. Furthermore, the dual tunnel system is vulnerable to seismic actions, and the stability of tunnels was further undermined by the adverse effects of additional seismic-caused interactions between two adjacent tunnels.

Implementation of Password Hashing on Embedded Systems with Cryptographic Acceleration Unit

In this modern world where the proliferation of electronic devices associated with the Internet of Things (IoT) grows day by day, security is an imperative issue. The criticality of the information linked to the various electronic devices connected to the Internet forces developers to establish protection mechanisms against possible cyber-attacks. When using computer equipment or servers, security mechanisms can be applied without having problems with the number of resources associated with this activity; the opposite is the case when implementing such mechanisms on embedded systems. The objective of this document is to implement password hashing on a FRDM-K82F development board with ARM® Cortex™-M4 processor. It describes the basic criteria necessary to aim at moderate levels of security in specific purpose applications; that can be developed taking advantage of the hardware cryptographic acceleration units that these embedded systems have. Performance analysis of the implemented hash function is also presented, considering the variation in the number of iterations performed by the development board. The validation of the correct functioning of the hashing scheme using the SHA-256 algorithm is carried out by comparing the results obtained in real-time versus an application developed in Python software using the PyCryptodome library.

Scalable Phylogeny Reconstruction with Disaggregated Near-memory Processing

Disaggregated computer architectures eliminate resource fragmentation in next-generation datacenters by enabling virtual machines to employ resources such as CPUs, memory, and accelerators that are physically located on different servers. While this paves the way for highly compute- and/or memory-intensive applications to potentially deploy all CPUs and/or memory resources in a datacenter, it poses a major challenge to the efficient deployment of hardware accelerators: input/output data can reside on different servers than the ones hosting accelerator resources, thereby requiring time- and energy-consuming remote data transfers that diminish the gains of hardware acceleration. Targeting a disaggregated datacenter architecture similar to the IBM dReDBox disaggregated datacenter prototype, the present work explores the potential of deploying custom acceleration units adjacently to the disaggregated-memory controller on memory bricks (in dReDBox terminology), which is implemented on FPGA technology, to reduce data movement and improve performance and energy efficiency when reconstructing large phylogenies (evolutionary relationships among organisms). A fundamental computational kernel is the Phylogenetic Likelihood Function (PLF), which dominates the total execution time (up to 95%) of widely used maximum-likelihood methods. Numerous efforts to boost PLF performance over the years focused on accelerating computation; since the PLF is a data-intensive, memory-bound operation, performance remains limited by data movement, and memory disaggregation only exacerbates the problem. We describe two near-memory processing models, one that addresses the problem of workload distribution to memory bricks, which is particularly tailored toward larger genomes (e.g., plants and mammals), and one that reduces overall memory requirements through memory-side data interpolation transparently to the application, thereby allowing the phylogeny size to scale to a larger number of organisms without requiring additional memory.

A skin-friction balance for shock tunnel applications

An acceleration-compensated skin-friction balance based on the floating-head technique was developed to measure skin friction in a hypersonic impulse facility. The balance consisted of measurement and acceleration units, the outputs of which can be coupled using a full-Wheatstone bridge to obtain pure shear output. The working of the balance was tested on a flat plate model exposed to a laminar flow with Mach number, stagnation enthalpy and Reynolds number of 8.2, 0.65 MJ kg−1 and 2.9 × 106 m−1, respectively. The measured wall shear stress agreed reasonably well with that predicted by Reynolds analogy.

О картах ОСР в ускорениях

Задание сейсмических воздействий в отечественных строительных нормах практически не меняется в течение последних 60 лет. Накопленные эмпирические данные по сильным движениям позволяют коренным образом усовершенствовать методику расчета зданий и сооружений на сейсмостойкость. Ожидается снижение погрешностей расчета примерно вдвое. Цель работы. В последнее время много внимания уделяется проблемам построения карт сейсмической опасности в ускорениях. Однако по традиции в нашей стране такие карты оценивают сейсмическую опасность в баллах шкалы сейсмической интенсивности. В большинстве стран сейсмическая опасность оценивается именно в ускорениях. Строились такие карты и в нашей стране. В частности, карты ОСР-97 и ОСР-2012 имели вариант и в ускорениях. Построение карт сейсмической опасности в ускорениях не имеет принципиальных трудностей. Проблема в том, что ускорения не являются адекватной мерой сейсмических воздействий. Более половины века тому назад американские ученые на эмпирическом материале показали, что связь ускорений с баллами, а, следовательно, и с повреждаемостью зданий неоднозначна: шкалы сейсмической интенсивности различны для разных расстояний и грунтов. Ошибка в оценке последствий землетрясения по ускорениям грунта может достигать 2 баллов. Следовательно, расчет ожидаемых воздействий следует производить с учетом других характеристик сейсмических волн. К тому же, попытки построения карт сейсмической опасности строились без учета данных инженерной сейсмологии и с нарушениями правил теории вероятностей и поэтому обладают не только определенными достоинствами, но и серьезными недостатками. Некоторые исследователи считают, что скорости колебаний лучше коррелируются с повреждениями сооружений, по крайней мере, многоэтажных зданий и подземных трубопроводов. Методы работы. Однако анализ эмпирических данных показал, что использование ускорений, скоростей и смещений характеризуется примерно одинаковой точностью. Рассмотрены способы построения карт общего сейсмического районирования. В действующей шкале сейсмической интенсивности ГОСТ Р 57546.2017 приведены оценки корреляции повреждаемости зданий с различными параметрами сейсмических колебаний: ускорениями, скоростями, смещениями, мощностью колебаний грунта. Оценено влияние продолжительности колебаний. Результаты работы. Показано, что дальнейшее повышение надежности расчетов объектов на сейсмостойкость связана с представлением сейсмических воздействий не с амплитудами колебаний, а с энергетическими характеристиками сейсмических волн The specification of seismic effects in domestic building codes has remained practically unchanged over the past 60 years. The accumulated empirical data on strong ground notions make it possible to radically improve the methodology for calculating buildings and other structures for seismic resistance. It is expected that the calculation errors will be reduced by about half. Aim. Recently, much attention has been paid to the problems of developing seismic hazard maps in accelerations. However, by tradition in our country, such maps assess the seismic hazard in terms of the seismic intensity scale. In most countries, seismic hazard is assessed in terms of accelerations. Such maps were also built in our country. In particular, OSR-97 maps also had a variant in acceleration. The construction of seismic hazard maps in accelerations has no fundamental difficulties. The problem is that accelerations are not an adequate measure of seismic effects. More than half a century ago, American scientists, using empirical material, showed that the relationship between accelerations and points, and, consequently, with the damage to buildings, is ambiguous: the seismic intensity scales are different for different distances and grounds. The error in assessing the consequences of an earthquake in terms of ground acceleration can reach 2 points. Therefore, the calculation of the expected impacts should be based on other characteristics of the seismic waves. In addition, attempts to construct seismic hazard maps were built without taking into account the data of engineering seismology and with violations of the rules of probability theory and therefore have not only certain advantages, but also serious drawbacks. Some researchers believe that vibration velocities correlate better with structural damage, at least in multi-storey buildings and underground pipelines. However, the analysis of empirical data showed that the use of accelerations, velocities and displacements is characterized by approximately the same accuracy. Methods. Methods for constructing maps of general seismic zoning, which have a higher accuracy in comparison with existing maps, are considered. In the current scale of seismic intensity GOST R 57546.2017 estimates of the correlation of damage to buildings with various parameters of seismic vibrations are given: accelerations, velocities, displacements, power of ground vibrations. The influence of the duration of the oscillations is estimated. Results. It is shown that a further increase in the reliability of calculations of objects for seismic resistance is associated with the representation of seismic effects not with vibration amplitudes, but with the energy characteristics of seismic waves