State primary special standard of acceleration unit in the field of gravimetry GET 190-2023: reproduction and transmission of the unit under the influence of geophysical factors

Abstract

The relevance of research on the reproduction and transmission of the acceleration unit in gravimetry is determined by the development of measuring instruments for the absolute value of the acceleration of free fall and its changes. Qualitative and quantitative changes in the instrument base are due to the requirements of applied tasks solved using gravimetric data in such fields as geodesy, navigation, geodynamics, as well as the expansion of the field of practical application of absolute gravimeters. At the same time, in order to solve applied problems, along with accuracy requirements at a level close to the maximum achievable at the current level of technology development, maximum territorial coverage of measurement sites within the entire territory of the Russian Federation is often necessary. The accuracy of the results obtained with the help of measuring instruments is determined by the level of their metrological support, the main stages of which are the reproduction of the corresponding unit by the standard and its transfer to the measuring instrument. An analysis of possible sources of errors in gravimetric equipment has shown that when reproducing and transmitting the acceleration unit in gravimetry, it is necessary to take into account the influence of geophysical factors that manifest themselves as additional accelerations of a gravitational or inertial nature. The distribution of the gravitational field within a gravimetric point can manifest itself as an additional constant acceleration. Seismic processes and lunar and solar tides manifest themselves as variable accelerations. For various stages of metrological support of gravimetric devices, the mechanisms of the effects of such accelerations have been studied, as well as methods for accounting and reducing their influence using additional equipment have been developed. An additional gravimetric point with a cryogenic relative gravimeter and a broadband seismometer, as well as transported absolute ballistic and relative quartz gravimeters, were introduced into the State primary special standard of acceleration units in the field of gravimetry GET 190-2023.