Acceleration Of Growth Research Articles

Altered IGF-I activity and accelerated bone elongation in growth plates precede excess weight gain in a mouse model of juvenile obesity.

Nearly one-third of children in the United States are overweight or obese by their preteens. Tall stature and accelerated bone elongation are characteristic features of childhood obesity, which cooccur with conditions such as limb bowing, slipped epiphyses, and fractures. Children with obesity paradoxically have normal circulating IGF-I, the major growth-stimulating hormone. Here, we describe and validate a mouse model of excess dietary fat to examine mechanisms of growth acceleration in obesity. We used in vivo multiphoton imaging and immunostaining to test the hypothesis that high-fat diet increases IGF-I activity and alters growth plate structure before the onset of obesity. We tracked bone and body growth in male and female C57BL/6 mice (n = 114) on high-fat (60% kcal fat) or control (10% kcal fat) diets from weaning (3 wk) to skeletal maturity (12 wk). Tibial and tail elongation rates increased after brief (1-2 wk) high-fat diet exposure without altering serum IGF-I. Femoral bone density and growth plate size were increased, but growth plates were disorganized in not-yet-obese high-fat diet mice. Multiphoton imaging revealed more IGF-I in the vasculature surrounding growth plates of high-fat diet mice and increased uptake when vascular levels peaked. High-fat diet growth plates had more activated IGF-I receptors and fewer inhibitory binding proteins, suggesting increased IGF-I bioavailability in growth plates. These results, which parallel pediatric growth patterns, highlight the fundamental role of diet in the earliest stages of developing obesity-related skeletal complications and validate the utility of the model for future studies aimed at determining mechanisms of diet-enhanced bone lengthening.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This paper validates a mouse model of linear growth acceleration in juvenile obesity. We demonstrate that high-fat diet induces rapid increases in bone elongation rate that precede excess weight gain and parallel pediatric growth. By imaging IGF-I delivery to growth plates in vivo, we reveal novel diet-induced changes in IGF-I uptake and activity. These results are important for understanding the sequelae of musculoskeletal complications that accompany advanced bone age and obesity in children.

Accelerated Growth, Differentiation, and Ploidy with Reduced Proliferation of Right Ventricular Cardiomyocytes in Children with Congenital Heart Defect Tetralogy of Fallot.

The myocardium of children with tetralogy of Fallot (TF) undergoes hemodynamic overload and hypoxemia immediately after birth. Comparative analysis of changes in the ploidy and morphology of the right ventricular cardiomyocytes in children with TF in the first years of life demonstrated their significant increase compared with the control group. In children with TF, there was a predominantly diffuse distribution of Connexin43-containing gap junctions over the cardiomyocytes sarcolemma, which redistributed into the intercalated discs as cardiomyocytes differentiation increased. The number of Ki67-positive cardiomyocytes varied greatly and amounted to 7.0–1025.5/106 cardiomyocytes and also were decreased with increased myocytes differentiation. Ultrastructural signs of immaturity and proliferative activity of cardiomyocytes in children with TF were demonstrated. The proportion of interstitial tissue did not differ significantly from the control group. The myocardium of children with TF under six months of age was most sensitive to hypoxemia, it was manifested by a delay in the intercalated discs and myofibril assembly and the appearance of ultrastructural signs of dystrophic changes in the cardiomyocytes. Thus, the acceleration of ontogenetic growth and differentiation of the cardiomyocytes, but not the reactivation of their proliferation, was an adaptation of the immature myocardium of children with TF to hemodynamic overload and hypoxemia.

Situation of COVID-19 in Brazil in August 2020: An Analysis via Growth Models as Implemented in the ModInterv System for Monitoring the Pandemic

In this work we introduce a novel methodology to classify the dynamical stages of an epidemic, based on the different acceleration regimes of the corresponding growth curve. Our classification scheme is implemented by fitting the empirical data with a general class of mathematical growth models, from which we compute not only the growth acceleration but also its jerk and jounce (i.e., the first and second derivatives of the acceleration, respectively), thus allowing for a finer distinction of the epidemic stages. Using this methodology, we analyze the cumulative curves of deaths attributed to COVID-19 in the 26 Brazilian States and the Federal District, up until August 21, 2020. The online application ModInterv COVID-19, which automatically implements the classification scheme and which can be accessed via an internet browser or a mobile app, was used to investigate the epidemic stages in each of the Brazilian federal units. The analysis revealed that almost all states in the Northern and Northeastern regions were already in the saturation phase, meaning that the epidemic was relatively under control, whereas in all Southern states and in most states in the Midwest the epidemic was still accelerating or showed only a slight deceleration. The Southeastern region presented a great diversity of epidemic stages, with each state being found at a different stage, ranging from acceleration to saturation. It is argued that understanding this heterogeneous geographical distribution of the epidemic is relevant for public health authorities, as it may help in devising more effective strategies against the COVID-19 pandemic in a continental country like Brazil.

Influence of iron nanoparticles (Fe3O4 and Fe2O3) on the growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant balance of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum)

More and more attention is paid to the development of technologies using iron nanoparticles in agriculture. In this regard, the effect of treatment of wheat seeds with various concentrations of iron nanoparticles Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 on the accumulation of biomass, the rate of photosynthesis and respiration, as well as on photochemical activity and antioxidant balance was studied. The seeds were treated for 3 h, germinated for 2 days in Petri dishes, transplanted into sand and grown under light for 18 days without mineral nutrition until the third leaf appeared. At a Fe3O4 concentration of 200 mg L-1 a significant increase in the dry biomass of the second leaf by 45% and the rate of photosynthesis by 16% was observed. At a concentration of nanoparticles in the form of Fe2O3 of 200 and 500 mg L-1, an increase in the rate of photosynthesis in the second leaf was also observed, but not in the biomass of the leaves. The activity of photosystem 2, estimated from the Fv/Fm value, also increased in experiments with nanoiron. However, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, guaiacol-dependent peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, decreased. It is assumed that the acceleration of growth at an early stage of wheat development is associated with an increase in photosynthetic processes.

ИНВЕСТИЦИОННАЯ ПОЛИТИКА ГОСУДАРСТВА КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РОСТА

The article defines the role of the state's investment policy as an instrument for the effective development of the leading sectors of the economy, the stable functioning of the basic infrastructure, achieving macroeconomic stability and stimulating economic growth. The object of the study is the investment policy of states. The subject of the study is the mechanisms of economic growth of the country. The purpose of the study is to identify and scientifically substantiate the role of investment policy in the economic growth of the country. A detailed analysis of the share of capital investments in GDP, the index of investments in fixed assets for 2017-2021 is presented, and the investment policy determining the state of developed countries and developing countries is also evaluated. The methods of correlation and regression analysis used made it possible to determine the relationship between real GDP, the share of industrial production in GDP and the index of investment in fixed assets in countries with a transforming economy. It is established that in the vast majority of countries, an increase in investments in fixed assets contributes to the acceleration of economic growth, and the level of economic growth determines the investment potential of countries. It is determined that the heterogeneity of the impact of investments on the level of economic growth in countries with transformational economies is due to their raw orientation, insufficient level of validity and predictability of the implemented investment policy of the state. It is proved that the investment policy of the state is an important tool for ensuring macroeconomic stability and stimulating economic growth in a recession. It is proposed to create conditions for the macroeconomic balance that contribute to the increase of business activity of enterprises due to the purposeful influence of state investment policy on economic processes by ensuring qualitative transformation and innovation of the national economy. The results obtained show that the level of influence of public investment in relation to the level of economic growth varies significantly depending on the level of development of financial institutions in the country and the infrastructure of the financial market

On the initial stage of the evolution of hydrodynamic parameters during deep penetration of metals by high-power laser radiation

A qualitative analysis of changes in hydrodynamic parameters during keyhole formation by thermocapillary melt removal under the point action of CW laser radiation is presented. It is established that rapid surface deformation leads to adhesion of the viscous sublayer to the melting boundary and creation the shear structure of thermocapillary flow which stimulates acceleration of keyhole growth. Keywords: keyhole formation, laser radiation, thermocapillary effect, shear flow, viscous sublayer, sticking.

Особенности линейного роста школьников с различным уровнем физического развития

Objective. Determine the options for pubertal spurt in children with different levels of physical development in pre-pubertal age. Patients and methods. The analysis of the annual increase in body length and weight indicators in 645 schoolchildren (331 boys and 314 girls) aged 8 to 16 years was carried out. Depending on the compliance of the child's body length indicator with the WHO Growth Reference 2007 standards at the age of 8, schoolchildren are divided into groups: with average physical development; with physical development above average; with physical development below average. Results. The dynamics of the increase in body length and weight during the pubertal growth spurt has differences in children with different levels of physical development. Acceleration of linear growth in boys with average physical development is of a prolonged and low-amplitude type. The pubertal growth spurt in children with physical development above average is more pronounced in amplitude and limited in time; with physical development below average – has a more pronounced amplitude and lasts a shorter time than peers with average physical development. In girls with all types of physical development, the pubertal leap in linear growth is insignificantly expressed and prolonged in time, especially in schoolgirls with average and above average physical development. Conclusion. The data can be useful as a guide in predicting the course of pubertal spurt in children in the practice of clinical examination of the child population, in determining adequate physical activity in physical education lessons at school and in sports clubs. Key words: puberty growth spurt, children, physical development

Experience of using dry biomass of methanotrophic bacteria in the enrichment of artificial feeds for Siberian sturgeon juveniles of the Ob population

The article discusses the results of a study on the enrichment of artificial feeds with dry biomass of methanotrophic bacteria of 10 and 20% concentration and fatty acids (treatment “Arfit”, linseed oil). The data on the increase in body length and weight, the survival rate of Siberian sturgeon juveniles, depending on the applied preparations introduced, are presented. The best results were obtained when 10% of dry biomass of methanotrophic bacteria and HUFA were added to the feed (acceleration of weight growth by 44%, linear growth by 38%). The presented results are aimed at developing some elements of the technology for enriching artificial feeds with microbiosynthesis products.

СУЧАСНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ КООПЕРАТИВНОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА

The article notes that cooperation has recently become increasingly large-scale, covering all levels of production. The article examines essence and special characteristics of the modern cooperative entrepreneurship, the theoretical aspects of cooperative enterprises in Ukraine have been considered in the article, in particular the problems of its identification and adequacy to the international cooperative principles. The difference between cooperative enterprises and joint stock ventures has been explained. The conclusion is made about the essence of the cooperative idea as a whole, aimed at the comprehensive development of the personality, the realization of its capabilities and the satisfaction of needs. This article defined by negative and positive sides of the functioning of cooperative organizations in a market economy. The main task of the cooperation in the current context is not an adaptation to market principles, but development of cooperation phenomenon unique characteristics, creating and increasing competitive advantages, underlying the cooperative form of economy management. The analysis of foreign experience of cooperative entrepreneurship shows that in many countries collective management is considered as an effective means of solving economic and social problems. At the same time, the main feature of a cooperative enterprise is the participation of employees in the company's capital, which requires the formation of a qualitatively different culture of corporate management, aimed at the broad involvement of employees in management and economic processes. It was noted that implementation of state support measures, creation of cooperative entrepreneurship supporting structures, development of democratic principles in the management of enterprises are necessary for the development of the cooperative entrepreneurship in Ukraine. The development of cooperative entrepreneurship will contribute to the strengthening of multi-organization, the effective implementation of the collective form of ownership, the expansion of cooperative relations and the acceleration of economic growth in Ukraine.

Начальная стадия эволюции гидродинамических параметров при глубоком проплавлении металлов мощным лазерным излучением

A qualitative analysis of changes in hydrodynamic parameters during keyhole formation by thermocapillary melt removal under the point action of CW laser radiation is presented. It is established that rapid surface deformation leads to adhesion of the viscous sublayer to the melting boundary and creation the shear structure of thermocapillary flow which stimulates acceleration of keyhole growth.

Fatigue crack acceleration and retardation induced by high temperature load hold in Inconel 718

The effect of high temperature tension hold on fatigue crack growth in Inconel 718 is investigated. A single tension hold at maximum load was applied during cyclic loading at 650 °C, and the effect of load level and hold time are examined. In all experiments, a rapid acceleration of fatigue crack growth is observed immediately after tension hold. A retardation is observed after the initial acceleration at lower stress intensity factors, while only an acceleration occurs at higher intensity factors. These results are discussed by considering two competed mechanisms: grain boundary damage related to oxygen in front of the crack tip, and stress relaxation due to creep deformation.

TRIB1 regulates tumor growth via controlling tumor-associated macrophage phenotypes and is associated with breast cancer survival and treatment response

Molecular mechanisms that regulate tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) phenotype and function are incompletely understood. The pseudokinase TRIB1 has been reported as a regulator of macrophage phenotypes, both in mouse and human systems.Methods: Bioinformatic analysis was used to investigate the link between TRIB1 expression in breast cancer and therapeutic response to chemotherapy. In vivo models of breast cancer included immune-competent mice to characterize the consequences of altered (reduced or elevated) myeloid Trib1 expression on tumor growth and composition of stromal immune cell populations.Results: TRIB1 was highly expressed by TAMs in breast cancer and high TRIB1 expression correlated with response to chemotherapy and patient survival. Both overexpression and knockout of myeloid Trib1 promote mouse breast tumor growth, albeit through different molecular mechanisms. Myeloid Trib1 deficiency led to an early acceleration of tumor growth, paired with a selective reduction in perivascular macrophage numbers in vivo and enhanced oncogenic cytokine expression in vitro. In contrast, elevated levels of Trib1 in myeloid cells led to an increased late-stage mammary tumor volume, coupled with a reduction of NOS2 expressing macrophages and an overall reduction of macrophages in hypoxic tumor regions. In addition, we show that myeloid Trib1 is a previously unknown, negative regulator of the anti-tumor cytokine IL-15, and that increased myeloid Trib1 expression leads to reduced IL-15 levels in mammary tumors, with a consequent reduction in the number of T-cells that are key to anti-tumor immune responses.Conclusions: Together, these results define a key role for TRIB1 in chemotherapy responses for human breast cancer and provide a mechanistic understanding for the importance of the control of myeloid TRIB1 expression in the development of this disease.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ РОСТ НА ОСНОВЕ ПРОЕКТОВ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННО-ЧАСТНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА В НЕКОТОРЫХ СЕКТОРАХ

The development of infrastructure in the main spheres of human activity is one of the effective factors of economic growth. The infrastructure development contributes to the creation of a single economic space, the forma- tion of a transport and logistics network across the country, the accumulation of highly qualified human capital, and the provision of energy for production. With regard to information technologies, there is no direct relationship with the pace of economic growth, but the accumulation of their critical mass has an impact on the quality of economic growth, as a result, increasing labor productivity and the level of socio-economic development. Recently, the mechanism of public-private partnership (PPP) has been effectively used for the implementation of such pro-jects. Thereupon the purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of the imple- mentation of classical public-private partnership projects in the housing, trans- port, social and IT spheres on economic growth in federal districts and regions. The methodology of the study is the analysis of systematized data, tables and diagrams obtained as a result of the distribution of the database on the PPP mar- ket by federal districts and regions. The results of the study are in assessing the impact of the development of infrastructure and information technologies based on PPP mechanisms on economic growth in federal districts and regions. There is a highlight in the main characteristics of infrastructure development in each area, contributing to the acceleration of economic growth. Following the results of the study, recommendations are given for further infrastructure development and investment in the areas considered

Regional Competitiveness Analysis in Province of Gorontalo

The increased power is important based on the ability of the region to increase it. Regional ability to increase competitiveness depends on the ability of regions to find and determine the driving factors of competitiveness and provide economic policies that focus on transforming the acceleration of regional economic growth. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of the macroeconomic stability of Gorontalo Province. The research is intended to find out how competitive macroeconomic stability of each district and city in Gorontalo Province. The districts/cities analyzed consisted of Gorontalo Regency, North Gorontalo Regency, Boalemo Regency, Pohuwato Regency, Bone Bolango Regency, and Gorontalo City. The research method applied in this study is descriptive analysis which provides an overview and geographic distribution of Gorontalo Province followed by quantitative calculation. The analytical tool engaged in this competitiveness study is the indicators and scope utilized by the Asian Competitiveness Institute (ACI). The results indicated that two of the six regencies and cities in Gorontalo Province were more competitive than the provincial average, specifically regency of Gorontalo and regency of Boalemo.

Estimates of the possible economic effect of the demographic dividend for sub-Saharan Africa for the period up to 2036

An acceleration of economic growth in Tropical Africa is currently expected due to the demographic bonus. These expectations are based on the assumptions of an accelerating decline in fertility in the countries of Tropical Africa. At the same time, it should be noted that a significant number of countries in the region have faced rather long periods of no decline in fertility, or even some fertility increase. Accordingly, the scenario of an accelerated fertility decline is by no means guaranteed. Moreover, in order to receive a demographic bonus, a specific employment policy (aimed at full-time employment) is required, as well as policies related to wages and social issues. However, the implementation of these measures should not be taken for granted; it is possible that they will not be implemented. This raises the question of the difference between development scenarios taking place with or without such measures. We model these two scenarios and compare them, revealing a significant impact of the demographic bonus on GDP per capita, which should be expected in various African countries under the scenario of an accelerated decline in fertility. For Nigeria and Niger, the differences in growth rates are most pronounced, and the demographic bonus is the largest. An accelerated decline in fertility could boost economic growth in Nigeria by 2.5 times, or 2.7 percentage points. However, this scenario is definitely not guaranteed. Our analysis provides several reasons to seriously doubt the prospects for an “automatic” fertility transition in Tropical Africa in the next few decades.

Utilization of LDPE Plastic Waste for Mixed AC-WC Asphalt

Road infrastructure development in Kabupaten Ketapang necessitates asphalt as a building material to support the acceleration of growth. Innovations are required to reduce the consumption of materials derived from nature to conserve diminishing natural resources. Plastic is an element that requires between 500 billion and one trillion years to decompose. With the addition of plastic to asphalt, the permanent deformation value of the mixture decreased and its dynamic stability increased, as determined by the wheel track test. Marshall tests on asphalt mixtures containing plastic revealed that the addition of up to 3% plastic increased the HRA mixture’s stability, bulk density, compacted aggregate density (CAD), and Marshall Quotient. This study evaluated the Marshall value of the modified AC-WC asphalt layer by adding a mixture of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) plastic waste with a variety of mixed properties. Each of the four variations of the AC- WC mixture (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% LDPE) that met the specifications yielded stability values. LDPE at 6% has the highest stability value, while LDPE at 0% has the lowest stability value.

Growth Acceleration Effects of Air Anions in Endive and Lettuce, And Economic Feasibility of Their Application

Growth Acceleration Effects of Air Anions in Endive and Lettuce, And Economic Feasibility of Their Application

Spatial and sectoral determinants of regional productive capacity: theoretical genesis and methodological principles of the study

In the pre-war period, the stagnation of economic productivity was observed in Ukraine. It was manifested by a decrease in the annual growth rates of labor and capital productivity. The natural consequences of this include the inability to increase the growth rate of employees’ wages and their purchasing power, the increase in the share of raw material exports in the total volume, the country's growing dependence on energy imports, etc. The lack of positive productivity dynamics is related to the lack of active encouragement of domestic enterprises to improve resource efficiency. The article aims to substantiate the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of the productive capacity of the regional economy in Ukraine and determine its potential growth accelerators across spatial and sectoral determinants. The evolution of the theoretical basis of the concept of economic productivity at the national and regional levels is examined. Based on the interpretation of the concepts of “productivity” and “capacity”, the authors offer their definition of the meaning of the term “regional productive capacity”. The article characterizes the achievements of foreign researchers regarding the study of regional development features and problems of productivity; identification and assessment of the impact of spatial factors on the productivity of the economy of territorial systems of different hierarchical levels; identification of spatial determinants of regional productive capacity. Based on the analysis of the experience of empirical research on assessing the impact of spatial factors on economic productivity, the article outlines a number of its growth patterns. The specific nature of interregional and intraregional productivity disparities is presented. The article proves that the interaction of spatial and sectoral determinants determines the level of productivity of the national, regional, and individual territorial communities’ economies. Special attention is paid to the issue of resource productivity. Ways for further theoretical and practical studies of regional productive capacity are suggested.

Exchange Rate Policy Regimes, Private Investment Behaviour and Economic Growth in Nigeria (1960 -2020)

To improve economic growth acceleration, the Nigerian government should continue to formulate and implement several policies including exchange rate policy regimes. Exchange rate policy regime of any government could be a fixed exchange rate regime when the price of a country’s currency in terms of another country’s currency is fixed to a value by the monetary authority; it could be a floating regime when the price of a country’s currency in terms of another country’s currency is left to be determined by the forces of demand and supply, while a managed-floating regime is undertaken when there is an element of both fixed and floating regimes. Following the Barro (1990) theoretical framework, this study attempted to assess the effects each exchange rate regime has on the economy through the mechanism of private investment spending. The researcher carefully selected macroeconomic variables that have been considered in the econometric models for empirical analysis of the research study in this dissertation through statistical estimation techniques as guided by Barro (1990) and international studies, specifically that of Sahoo et al., (2012), in this area of study. These variables include GDP as an indicator for economic growth, Private capital, private sector credit, real exchange rate, interest rate, government capital expenditure, trade openness, exchange rate regimes dummies, total employment, and spending on health and education. Specifically, the study set out to empirically quantify the impact of both fixed and floating regimes on private investment spending and in turn, on economic growth in Nigeria.Through this study, the key determinants of private investment spending and economic growth in Nigeria. To achieve the study’s objectives and address the respective research questions, preliminary examinations of the data were conducted through the use of visual and unit root tests and some of the variables were found to be stationary at levels (i.e., 𝐼(0)) while some are stationary in their first differences (i.e., 𝐼(1)). The study proceeded to estimate both private investment and economic growth models simultaneously using Two-Stage Least Squares (TSLS) method.

Peran Kepala Sekolah dalam Supervisi Pendidikan

This paper aims to explain the role of principals in educational supervision. The principal has a role in quality development, school progress, improvement, approaches to learning methods and techniques, curriculum development, and creating a conducive and integrative learning climate. Educational supervision is currently developing very rapidly, thus encouraging the acceleration of science and information technology growth. Therefore, education must improve the quality of learning in schools. Schools as formal educational institutions must develop all the potential possessed by students. This research is library research with data sources in books or manuscripts related to school principals' leadership and educational supervision. This research is library research with data sources in manuscripts or books containing leadership principals in academic management. This research uses documentation data collection techniques and inductive data analysis. These findings indicate that the principal's leadership in educational supervision plays a central role in building school organizations to realize quality education.