Accelerate Tooth Movement Research Articles

Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of Combined Photobiomodulation And Piezocision On the Rate Of Orthodontic Tooth Movement. A Randomized Control Trial.

Aim: To assess and compare the efficiency of tooth movement in patients subjected to piezocision and photobiomodulation as part of a split-mouth clinical experiment, and to combine their effects in order to derive a synergetic effect if any. Methods: 24 subjects requiring bilateral first premolar extractions were selected for the study. The study had a split mouth design with patients subjected to either piezocision, photobiomodulation or a combination of the two techniques in one quadrant and the opposite quadrant served as the control. Piezocision was carried out by placing vertical interproximal incisions on the mesiobuccal and distobuccal aspect of the maxillary canine, whereas photobiomodulation was carried out at ten sites, five on the buccal aspect and five on the palatal aspect with a total energy of 10J in the period between the three weeks. Results: There was no statistically significant difference observed in terms of accelerated tooth movement between piezocision, photobiomodulation or combination of the two techniques and the conventional technique. Conclusion: Although no statistically significant findings were derived, a synergistic effect was observed with the combined effect of piezocision and photobiomodulation showing an enhanced effect. Increased rate of tooth movements were observed in both piezocision and photobiomodulation group with lowest effect seen in the photobiomodulation group. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.22 (Special Issue) 2023 p.138-147

Effects of Flapless Laser Corticotomy in Upper and Lower Canine Retraction: A Split-mouth, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Aim One of the major difficulties in orthodontic treatment is the lengthy course of therapy, particularly in situations involving extractions. Hence, various methods for accelerating tooth movement rate had been devised. Flapless corticotomy is one of those methods. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of flapless laser corticotomy (FLC) compared to the conventional retraction (CR) method on the rate of canine retraction. Methods A split-mouth, randomized controlled trial included 56 canines from 14 patients (12 females and two males) with a mean age of 20.4 ± 2.5 years, who were complaining of bimaxillary protrusion requiring extraction of four premolars. All canines were randomly assigned to four groups (maxillary FLC, maxillary control CR, mandibular FLC, and mandibular control CR). Randomization was performed by creating two equal, random computer-generated lists with a 1:1 allocation ratio-one list for the right side and one for the left. The allocation concealment was achieved using opaque sealed envelopes until the time of intervention. FLC was applied on the experimental sides before canine retraction by drilling six holes penetrating 3 mm into the bone on the mesial and distal sides of the canines. Subsequently, all canines were retracted employing closed coil springs to deliver a force of 150 g using indirect anchorage from temporary anchorage devices (TADs).All canines were assessed at T0 (before retraction), T1 (one month after retraction), T2 (two months), and T3 (three months) using three-dimensional (3D) digital models. Additionally, canine rotation, molar anchorage loss assessed using 3D digital models, root resorption assessed using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), probing depth, plaque, gingival indices, and pulp vitality were all evaluated as secondary outcomes. It was possible to blind only the outcome analysis expert (single-blinded). Results The measurementsof canine retraction during the follow-up period from T0 to T3 were 2.46 ± 0.80 mm and 2.55 ± 0.79 mm in maxillary FLC and control groups, respectively, and 2.44 ± 0.96 mm and 2.31 ± 0.95 mm in mandibular FLC and control groups, respectively. The results demonstrated a statistically non-significant difference in the distance of canine retraction between the FLC and control groups at all time points. Moreover, no differences were observed between groups in canine rotation, molar anchorage loss, root resorption, probing depth, plaque, gingival indices, and pulp vitality (p > 0.05). Conclusion In the FLC procedure performed in this study, the rate of upper and lower canine retraction could not be accelerated and no significant differences were observed between FLC and control groups in canine rotation, molar anchorage loss, root resorption, periodontal condition, and pulp vitality.

Evaluation of effectiveness of low level laser therapy in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement-An in vivo study

To assess the acceleration of tooth movement in canine retraction and to assess the interleukin 1β level in Gingival Crevicular Fluid. 0.022 slot MBT brackets, 0.018 inch stainless steel arch wire, Low level laser (Gallium-Aluminium-Arsenide Laser), ELISA kit, Micro-capillary tube, Digital Vernier calliper, Dontrics gauge, NiTi closed coil springs Open labelled split mouth, non-experimental interventional institutional based study. By coin toss method, each of the participant’s mouth was randomly assigned either to the laser therapy (group 1) and 40 reference sites (group 2). On the experimental site orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance, a combination with low level laser therapy (Gallium-Aluminium-Arsenide laser) to the canine on the days 3,7,14 and then every 15 days for 2 months was initiated. Then 5µL of Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) was collected to analyse the interleukin 1β levels using the ELIZA kit. The measurements were made with the help of a digital Vernier calliper. The laser group showed a significant greater reduction in the canine to molar distance than the site treated with conventional technique. The interleukin 1 β levels raised significantly for the site treated with laser as compared to the other. We observed that: Increased inflammatory response in the form of raised interleukin levels and Faster distalization of the canine when adjunct with low level soft tissue laser. The entire data was statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 21.0, IBM Corporation, USA) for MS Windows. In Statistics, unpaired t-test is a used to compare equality of two population means and F-test is used to compare the equality of two population variance using that the samples were drawn from different populations. There was a clinically appreciable amount of retraction seen resulting in faster space closure between the canine and the first permanent molar in the group that had low level laser than the other group that was treated by the conventional therapy. We also observed a considerable rise in the interleukin 1 β levels in the laser group.

Efficacy of various Platelet concentrates on the rate of Orthodontic tooth movement – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

With increased interest in reducing the average duration of Orthodontic treatment, various techniques for accelerating tooth movement have been extensively researched. Studies have shown conflicting results with various Platelet Concentrates (PCs). Hence this review aimed to evaluate and gather evidence of the effectiveness of Platelet concentrates (PRP/PRF) during orthodontic extraction space closure about the space closure rate and the time required for and the angular measurements of the tooth movement during space closure. The electronic databases of Cochrane CENTRAL, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched up to June 2021. The criteria for selection were Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) comparing the use of PCs with that of no intervention/placebo during canine retraction or retraction of anterior teeth. All other studies were excluded. Two reviewers performed the entire process of study selection, extraction of data, and quality assessment independently. Cochrane's ROB2 tool was used for quality assessment in the studies selected. The quantitative analysis of the studies was performed with the use of Review Manager (RevMan5). Eight RCTs met the inclusion criteria and were included for the qualitative synthesis in this review. Of these, five RCTs were included in the quantitative analysis. The results indicated an insignificant increase in the rate of tooth movement with the administration of the PCs (0.13 mm more Tooth movement; 95% CI = -0.17 – 0.43; p = 0.40). No differences were also found in the change of canine inclination and amount of canine rotation. Quantitative synthesis of the selected five studies (3 studies had a low Risk of Bias) reveals no statistically significant difference in the rate of tooth movement with the use of PCs. The results of this analysis should be interpreted with caution owing to the existence of heterogeneity. Limited evidence suggests an actual reduction in the overall treatment duration. Future studies should be aimed at standardizing the protocol for preparing and administering the PCs. This review did not receive any funding.Trial registration number: PROSPERO CRD42021241221

Efficiency of photobiomodulation on accelerating the tooth movement in the alignment phase of orthodontic treatment—A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectivesTo investigate the efficiency of photobiomodulation on accelerating the tooth movement in the alignment phase of orthodontic treatment. Materials and methodsThe data search was performed with PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. Randomized clinical trials and controlled clinical trials evaluating the efficiency of photobiomodulation on accelerating tooth movement in the alignment phase were selected, and the characteristics of the included studies were collected in a customized data form. Data analysis was conducted by the random-effects model after risk of bias and certainty of evidence were assessed. ResultsFive randomized clinical trials and three controlled clinical trials were included in the final analysis. All included studies reported positive results except the study of Shehawy et al. The results of the analysis showed that photobiomodulation significantly increased the rate of tooth movement and reduced the treatment duration, compared with the control group. Although the heterogeneity was large among the included studies, it was improved after subgroup analysis. ConclusionsThis systematic review offered evidence that photobiomodulation can accelerate tooth movement in alignment procedures and reduce treatment time. Future studies are needed to find the best PBM protocol for orthodontic practice.

“Surgery First Approach” for Skeletal Class II Correction Combined With Temporary Anchorage Device.

“Surgery First Approach” (SFA) is a growing trend that provides an immediate facial change. The SFA protocol utilizes the dentoalveolar compensations as an advantage to effect immediate facial changes, which in conjunction with the Regional Acceleratory Phenomenon enhances the tooth movement thereby reducing the total treatment duration. The post-surgical orthodontic phase is often complicated by rapid accelerated tooth movement producing a non-predictable nature of tooth movements. With the combined application of temporary anchorage devices these movements are made predictable in three dimensions. This case report illustrates the treatment of a skeletal Class II patient with a combination of the SFA protocol and TAD aided orthodontic treatment. A 19-year-old female presented with proclined upper anteriors and retrusive lower jaw. Clinical examination revealed a severe lip incompetency, mandibular deficiency, Class II skeletal malocclusion, severe bimaxillary incisor proclination, severely crowded mandibular arch on a low mandibular plane angle. The SFA protocol involving BSSO advancement and genioplasty was performed, followed by an orthodontic phase involving TADs. The total treatment time was 14 months, following which excellent facial change and stable occlusion was achieved. A three year follow up is also presented.

An Assessment and Comparison of Root Resorption With Two Different Corticotomy Techniques During Anterior Teeth Retraction: A Split Mouth Prospective Clinical Study.

Aim The aim of this prospective split-mouth clinical study is to determine the apical root resorption of anterior teeth in patients with two different methods of corticotomy namely indentation and vertical corticotomy techniques. Methods Sixteen adult patients with bimaxillary protrusion requiring the need for extraction of the first premolars were included in the study. For each patient, the particular method of corticotomy technique was assigned randomly along with the side and the procedure was performed following which retraction forces were applied with the help of a closed coil Niti spring. The root resorption was recorded during the stage of space closure for which two cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) were taken, one before the retraction forces could be applied (T1) and one CBCT (T2) after the space closure had occurred. The apical root resorption was assessed and analyzed both linearly and volumetrically using the CBCT taken at T1 and T2. Results There was root resorption present after the space closure was complete in both the maxillary and mandibular arches. The amount of root resorption that occurred in the indentation technique was slightly lesser as compared to the vertical corticotomy technique. Conclusion Indentation corticotomy cuts for accelerated tooth movement are considered to be a much safer, more effective method, lesser invasive to the surrounding tissues, technique sensitive, and goodregional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP), with a Rapid healing process compared to the vertical corticotomy technique.

Methods and Technology Used to Accelerate Dental Movements in Orthodontic Treatments

Due to the overwhelming desire among adults for shorter orthodontic treatment times, there is a growing trend in research that focuses on accelerating procedures for tooth movement. Unfortunately, lengthy orthodontic treatment times come with a number of adverse effects, including an increased risk of tooth decay, gingival recession, and root resorption. Finding the greatest way to maximize tooth motion with the least drawbacks is now more important than ever. The surgical method provides the most dependable results, but its invasiveness limits its use. Corticotomy is one of the commonly used techniques in practice for acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement. Numerous corticotomy methods have been successful in causing accelerated tooth movement. Through the use of these approaches, local acceleratory phenomena are activated, fostering an ideal milieu for tooth movement acceleration. In order to expedite orthodontic tooth movement while adhering to a specified surgical and orthodontic regimen, the piezocision treatment appears to be the ideal compromise. In cases of dehiscence and/or fenestration on the alveolar bone linked to moderate to severe overcrowding, piezocision surgery enables the inclusion of biomaterials. Low-level laser therapy and orthognathic surgery-first are also methods used to accelerate tooth motion among various others. However, further research should be done to ascertain the optimal way to accelerate tooth movement because each approach has benefits and drawbacks. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about methods and technology used to accelerate dental movements in orthodontic treatments..

Comparative Evaluation of LED Light Application and Heat Generation with Three Different Wavelengths of Frequency on Soft Tissues in Bringing Faster Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Finite Element Model Study.

The duration of orthodontic treatment is often a significant deterrent for patients when considering conventional mechanics, which can be time-consuming. Photobiomodulation (PBM) utilizes visible red to near-infrared wavelengths of light frequencies to expedite orthodontic treatment time. To investigate the effect of three Light Emitting Diode (LED) frequencies and their heat generation on soft tissues in accelerating tooth movement through Finite Element Method (FEM) study. In this FEM study, a three-dimensional FEM model of the skull of a male patient with mild to moderate crowding in the maxilla, and mandible. The dentitions were scanned using a Computed Tomography (CT). A static force of 70 gm on the anterior region of the maxilla and mandible was applied from the labial sides, and a second static analysis was carried out by using both a 70 gm of force and thermal load with three different frequencies of 740, 850, and 940 nm on the 1st and 3rd quadrants. The effect of LED application and heat generation was assessed on soft tissues in bringing faster orthodontic tooth movement. Increased tooth movement with combined loading case in the 1st and 3rd quadrants when compared with the 2nd and 4th quadrants. The temperature distribution was higher at 940 nm followed by 740 & 850 nm of frequency. Faster movements were observed in the combined loading case in the 1st and 3rd quadrants compared to static loading in other quadrants. Heat generation was higher with 940 nm frequency followed by 740 and 850 nm.

A Simplified Technique to Treat Bimaxillary Protrusion using Micro-osteoperforation: A Case Report

In Asian population, bimaxillary protrusion is a prevalent malocclusion characterised by protruding and proclined upper and lower incisors, as well as increased lip procumbence. A 25-year-old female patient presented with a chief complaint of forwardly placed teeth and bimaxillary protrusion and required fixed mechanotherapy with all four 1st premolar extractions. The patient also desired that the treatment be completed in a short period of time. Since sliding or loop mechanics alone take longer to close extraction spaces, authors chose Micro-osteoperforation (MOP), a minimally invasive procedure used to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. MOP involves drilling or perforating distal to the canine for en-mass retraction, causing the alveolar bone to release inflammatory cells that accelerate tooth movement. This non invasive technique was used for the treatment. The average rate of tooth movement in each quadrant was 1.7 mm per month. Taking the procedure into account, the patient reported no side-effects during or after drilling, but mild discomfort was felt. The entire space closure took four months. At the end of space closure, a Class I molar and canine relationship was preserved with normal overbite and overjet, with very minimal anchorage loss on the molars. An extraoral improvement in profile from convex to straight was seen. The treatment was completed within 14 months. The novelty of MOP includes faster treatment times and less discomfort during orthodontic treatment. However, like any medical procedure, MOP does carry some risks, such as infection or damage to surrounding teeth or gums. It is important to discuss the risks and benefits of MOP with your orthodontist before deciding whether to undergo the procedure.

Effect of Mini-implant assisted Micro-osteoperforation on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement-A randomized clinical trial.

To evaluate the effectiveness of micro-osteoperforation (MOP) over a 56-day period and to determine the influence of number of perforations on the rate of canine retraction. In addition, the amount of pain and discomfort caused by the MOP was evaluated. A single-center, split-mouth, triple-blind, randomized, controlled trial. 22 patients (18-30 years) who need fixed orthodontic treatment were recruited and randomly assigned to MOP1 and MOP2 groups. The recruited patients were divided into two groups with 1:1 allocation ratio. Randomization for the determination of experimental side and number of perforations was done using sealed envelopes. On each patient, the other side of mouth worked as control side with no MOPs. 4 months after first premolar extraction, patients in MOP1 received 3MOPs on the buccal surface of alveolar bone, whereas patients in MOP2 received three buccal and three palatal MOPs in the experimental side. The amount of canine retraction was measured every 28 days at two intervals on both sides of mouth. Pain perception was measured after 1 hr, 24 hr, 72 hr, 7 days, and 28 days of procedure. Result of the intra-examiner reliability using ICC is more than 0.97 (P < 0.001), indicating excellent repeatability and reliability of the measurements. The baseline characteristics between groups were similar (P > 0.05). A statistically significant difference in the rate of canine retraction on the MOP side was observed at the end of 56 days, amounting to two folds more than that of the control side. No significant difference was seen between MOP1 and MOP2 groups (P > 0.05). Mild-to-moderate pain was experienced only in first 72 hours of procedure. The study recommends that MOP procedure has substantial potential to be used as an adjunct to the routine mechanotherapy for accelerating tooth movement, as it may reduce treatment time by half in the first four weeks after the MOP procedure. Clinical trial registry of India (CTRI/2022/12/048181).

COMPARATIVE CLINIC STUDY IN UPPER CANINE DISTALIZATION ASSISTED WITH PIEZOSICION AND THE CONVETIONAL METHOD

The aim of this study was to compare the quantity of tooth movement in canine distalization, using the precision technique in the experimental group and the conventional method in the control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: twenty upper canines of ten patients were analyzed in a splitmouth design. They were distalized using an elastomeric chain applying a force of 250 grams per side. The teeth were divided randomly into two groups; the experimental group: 10 canines in which piezocision were applied; control group: 10 canines distalized with a conventional method. Patients were cited for measurements and changes of elastomeric chains every fourteen days on three occasions. Dental casts were taken at every appointment to calculate the distance of distalization. RESULTS: distalization time in the experimental group decreased since the control group reported a mean of distalization of 0.97±0.32 mm while the experimental group had a mean of 2.01±0. 51mm. CONCLUSIONS: Piezosicion-assisted distalization accelerates tooth movement, decreases loss of posterior anchorage, and is a minimally invasive procedure with a low post-operatory pain level.

The Efficacy and Modes of Accelerating Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Orthodontic treatment, while highly advantageous for correcting dental misalignments and enhancing oral health, typically demands a substantial time commitment. To reduce treatment duration and improve various aspects of the orthodontic process, accelerated methods for tooth movement have been explored. These methods aim to offer benefits such as decreased discomfort, enhanced patient compliance, and overall treatment efficiency. This study undertakes a review of existing literature, aiming to comprehensively assess the current evidence on accelerated orthodontic tooth movement. The review encompasses various acceleration techniques, including high-frequency vibration, microosteoperforations, Photobiomodulation, corticotomy-assisted orthodontics, and advancements in appliance technology. While some interventions demonstrate accelerated tooth movement and enhanced patient comfort, the field calls for further research, particularly in the form of large-scale clinical trials, to establish long-term efficacy, safety, and applicability across diverse orthodontic cases. This review offers valuable insights into the evolving landscape of orthodontics, emphasizing the need for evidencebased approaches and ongoing innovation to optimize patient outcomes and experiences in orthodontic care.

Effect of Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin and Micro-Osteoperforation on Accelerated Orthodontic Tooth Movement: Protocol for a Split-Mouth Randomised Clinical Trial

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment is often perceived as time-consuming by patients. Various techniques have been developed to accelerate treatment and reduce its duration, but there is limited literature supporting their efficacy and advantages. This study aims to compare the effectiveness and acceptability of two methods in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement, providing valuable insights for clinicians. Need for the study/Rationale: Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin (i-PRF) and Micro-Osteoperforation (MOP) are two modalities known to accelerate tooth movement. i-PRF is a chemical modality, while MOP is a minimally invasive mechanical procedure. Both stimulate osteoclastic inflammatory cytokines, facilitating rapid tooth movement. However, there is limited evidence comparing the efficacy of these two methods. By comparing the mechanical i.e. MOP and chemical i.e. i-PRF modes of accelerated orthodontics, this planned protocol will study to determine the most feasible treatment modality based on objective patient outcomes, rate of tooth movement, and advantages/disadvantages. Aim: To evaluate and compare the effects of i-PRF and MOP on accelerated orthodontic movement in a young adult population. Materials and Methods: This split-mouth prospective randomised study will involve 10 participants selected from the departmental Out Patient Department (OPD) based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Informed consent will be obtained. The participants will be divided into two groups: Group A: Undergoing MOP Group B: Undergoing i-PRF Group allocation (left or right side) will be randomised. The rate of maxillary canine retraction will be measured after intervention in both study groups. Expected Results: Both i-PRF and MOP are expected to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement, with MOP being more effective in this regard.

Light orthodontic force with high-frequency vibration accelerates tooth movement with minimal root resorption in rats.

To determine and compare the effects of high-frequency mechanical vibration (HFV) with light force and optimal force on the tooth movement and root resorption in rat model. Seventy-two sites in 36 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned using a split-mouth design to control (no force/no vibration) or experimental groups: HFV (125Hz), light force (5g), optimal force (10g), light force with HFV, and optimal force with HFV for 14 and 21days. The amount of tooth movement, 3D root volume, and root resorption area were assessed by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric analysis. Adjunction of HFV with light force significantly increased the amount of tooth movement by 1.8-fold (p = 0.01) and 2.0-fold (p = 0.01) at days 14 and 21 respectively. The HFV combined with optimal force significantly increased the amount of tooth movement by 2.1-fold (p = 0.01) and 2.2-fold (p = 0.01) at days 14 and 21 respectively. The root volume in control (distobuccal root (DB): 0.60 ± 0.19 mm3, distopalatal root (DPa): 0.60 ± 0.07 mm3) and HFV (DB: 0.60 ± 0.08 mm3, DPa: 0.59 ± 0.11 mm3) were not different from the other experimental group (range from 0.44 ± 0.05 to 0.60 ± 0.1 mm3) with the lowest volume in optimal force group. Adjunction of HFV with orthodontic force significantly increased tooth movement without causing root resorption. Using light force with HFV could help to identify alternative treatment option to reduce the risk of root resorption.

Autophagy Regulates Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Induced by Orthodontic Tension.

Tooth movement is the core of orthodontics. Osteogenesis of the tension side under orthodontic force has great significance on tooth movement and stability, which involves complex mechanical and biological signal transduction. However, the mechanism remains unclear. Through in vitro cell studies, we observed the increased expression levels of osteogenesis-related factors and autophagy-related factors during the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells induced by orthodontic force. The change trend of autophagy-related factors and osteogenesis-related factors is similar, which indicates the involvement of autophagy in osteogenesis. In the study of autophagy-related gene ATG7 silenced cells, the expression level of autophagy was significantly inhibited, and the expression level of osteogenesis-related factors also decreased accordingly. Through drug regulation, we observed that the increase of autophagy level could effectively promote osteogenic differentiation, while the decrease of the autophagy level inhibited this process to some extent. Therefore, autophagy plays an important role in the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells induced by orthodontic force, which provides a novel idea useful for orthodontic treatment in promoting periodontal tissue remodeling and accelerating tooth movement.

Evaluation of the effect of local administration of PRP vs vitamin D3 on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and the associated external apical root resorption.

BackgroundIncreased orthodontic treatment duration is associated with iatrogenic risks such as root resorption, white spot lesions etc. Recent research using pharmacological agents to accelerate tooth movement has mostly been conducted on animals and there is no reported research conducted on humans comparing the effects of Vitamin D3 and Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) in the same subjects using a split mouth technique.ObjectivesTo determine and compare effects of local injection of PRP and Vitamin D3 on the rate of tooth movement. Also, to assess association of external apical root resorption with the use of PRP, Vitamin D3 and compare it to a control group.Materials & methods11 subjects who diagnosed with Class I bi-maxillary malocclusion and who gave informed consent were recruited in the study. The patients were randomly divided using split mouth design and each quadrant served as either experimental or control group one. At the beginning of retraction phase, Vitamin D3 and PRP were injected to the randomly assigned quadrants while the contralateral side served as a control. The amount of space closure in 4 months was measured from distal surface of canine to mesial surface of 2nd premolar. Root resorption was assessed using CBCT taken at the beginning and at the closure of retraction phase.ResultsMean rate of tooth movement was higher in PRP and Vitamin D3 groups compared to their controls. In the PRP group, the increased rate of tooth movement was observed throughout the study interval, but in the Vitamin D3 group it was only seen in first two months. Also, the PRP group demonstrated a higher rate of tooth movement compared to Vitamin D3 group. Root resorption was lesser in both experimental groups. Among the teeth assessed, lateral incisor showed maximum root resorption and canine the least.ConclusionsPRP is a more efficient pharmacological agent compared to Vitamin D3 for accelerating tooth movement.

The effect of micro-osteoperforations on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement in animal model: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

IntroductionThe long passing time for tooth movement (TM) is one of the challenges in orthodontic. complications such as gingival recession, root resorption, and caries are common in orthodontic. To address this, there is an increased tendency to find safe and effective methods to accelerating tooth movement. A surgical method such as micro-osteoperforations (MOP) accelerating the TM. The current meta-analysis aims to investigate the outcome of MOP in accelerating TM in animal studies.MethodsIn the present meta-analysis, we evaluated 6 studies that focused on the effect of MOP on TM with the following keywords: (((MOP* OR micro-osteoperforations*) AND (("accelerating tooth movement " OR " tooth movement" AND " orthodontic tooth movement " OR " orthodontic ") until May 2021.ResultsThe results have shown there is significant difference in TM after using MOP (MD: 0.31, 95%CI: 0.20, 0.42, P < 0.00001, I2 = 76%). Subgroup analysis revealed that though experimental duration in both less than 4-week and more than 4-week, the TM were significant difference between MOP and controls. Besides, in both force subgroups including less than 100 g and more than 100g, the TM was a significant difference between MOP and controls.ConclusionThis meta-analysis found that generally MOP has a positive effect on TM.

Vibration accelerates orthodontic tooth movement by inducing osteoclastogenesis via transforming growth factor-β signalling in osteocytes.

We previously found the conditions of supplementary vibration that accelerated tooth movement and induced bone resorption in an experimental rat tooth movement model. However, the molecular biological mechanisms underlying supplementary vibration-induced orthodontic tooth movement are not fully understood. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β upregulates osteoclastogenesis via induction of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand expression, thus TGF-β is considered an essential cytokine to induce bone resorption. The aim of this study is to examine the role of TGF-β during the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement by supplementary vibration. In experimental tooth movement, 15 g of orthodontic force was loaded onto the maxillary right first molar for 28 days. Supplementary vibration (3 g, 70 Hz) was applied to the maxillary first molar for 3 min on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. TGF-β receptor inhibitor SB431542 was injected into the submucosal palatal and buccal areas of the maxillary first molars once every other day. The co-culture of RAW264.7 cells and MLO-Y4 cells was used as an in vitro osteoclastogenesis model. SB431542 suppressed the acceleration of tooth movement and the increase in the number of osteoclasts by supplementary vibration in our experimental rat tooth movement model. Immunohistochemical analysis showed supplementary vibration increased the number of TGF-β1-positive osteocytes in the alveolar bone on the compression side during the experimental tooth movement. Moreover, vibration-upregulated TGF-β1 in MLO-Y4 cells induced osteoclastogenesis. Orthodontic tooth movement was accelerated by supplementary vibration through the promotion of the production of TGF-β1 in osteocytes and subsequent osteoclastogenesis.

Effect of Extending Corticotomy Depth to Trabecular Bone on Accelerating Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Rats.

Corticotomy is a surgical procedure that induces injury to the cortical bone to accelerate tooth movement. This study aimed to increase the depth of corticotomy to the trabecular bone and to evaluate the amount and rate of tooth movement and alveolar bone changes in response to various degrees of cortical and trabecular bone injury. Seventy-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups based on procedure used: (1) baseline control group of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) only; (2) OTM + 4 corticotomies (CO); (3) OTM + 4 osteotomies (OS); and (4) OTM + 16 CO. A closed-coil nickel–titanium spring was placed to move the maxillary first molar mesially with a 10 g force. On days 0, 7, 14, and 21, alveolar bone alteration and tooth movement were measured using microcomputed tomography. Significant tooth movement was related to the number and the depth of the perforations. The OTM + 16 CO group showed a greater amount and rate of tooth movement than the OTM + 4 CO group. When osteotomy and corticotomy were compared with the same volume of bone removed, the OTM + 4 OS group had a faster rate of tooth movement than the OTM + 16 CO group during the first week, with significantly reduced bone volume. However, no significant difference was observed in the amount of tooth movement between the OTM + 4 OS and OTM + 16 CO groups at the end of the study. Extending the depth of corticotomy to trabecular bone increased the amount of tooth movement by accelerating the induction and completion of bone remodeling, which accelerated the rate of tooth movement during the initial stage.