Accelerated Solvent Extraction Extraction Research Articles

Exploring efficient extraction methods: Bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties from New Zealand damson plums

The study determined the best extraction method for phenolic compounds (rutin, catechin, epicatechin, naringenin, neochlorogenic acid, and rosmarinic acid) in the New Zealand damson plums. Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) using ethanol and water was used to evaluate the solvent efficacy. Further comparisons were made among ASE, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), and a combined method (E + UAE) using water as the solvent. The findings showed that ASE for 40 min was the most effective method for extracting phenolic compounds (1.76 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) compared to other methods (UAE = 1.17, EAE = 1.3, and E + UAE = 1.45 mg/g). The ASE method also resulted in an extract with a higher antioxidant activity than other methods. The extraction time over 40 min decreased the yield regardless of the solvent used. Therefore, the ASE extraction method for 40 min is recommended as the best method for extraction of phenolic compounds from the New Zealand damson plums.

Accelerated solvent extraction for liquid chromatographic determination of carotenoids in durum wheat pasta: A chemometric approach using statistical experimental design

In recent decades, the consumption of wholegrain products associated with health benefits has become habitual. In this context, wholemeal pasta – rich in bioactive substances with antioxidant properties, such as carotenoids – has received particular interest among consumers over the years. Carotenoids, involved in the prevention of many degenerative diseases, are also used as markers of the color quality of durum wheat pasta. The present research aims to investigate the functional quality of wholemeal pasta compared to traditional durum wheat pasta in terms of carotenoid content. 50 commercially samples were extracted by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and analyzed by HPLC-DAD. A central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the ASE extraction parameters. A classification method (partial least squares-discriminant analysis, PLS-DA) was then applied to the collected chromatographic profiles to build a model that could allow to differentiate refined pasta from wholemeal pasta in terms of carotenoid level.The resulting classification model made it possible to correctly predict more than 95% of the validation samples, highlighting a significant difference between the two types of pasta both in terms of the entire chromatographic profile and, specifically, of the amount of lutein. In fact, the highest lutein levels were found in all wholemeal pasta samples analyzed. Lutein is a promising biologically active component, also used in recent years as a food supplement. The results obtained could provide the food industry with an objective tool to enhance the use of raw materials with high nutritional content.

Spent Coffee Grounds Valorization in Biorefinery Context to Obtain Valuable Products Using Different Extraction Approaches and Solvents

The valuable products that can be isolated from spent coffee ground (SCG) biomass consist of a high number of bioactive components, which are suitable for further application as raw materials in various production chains. This paper presents the potential value of the SCG obtained from large and local coffee beverage producers, for the production of valuable, biologically active products. Despite its high potential, SCG has not been utilized to its full potential value, but is instead discarded as waste in landfills. During its decomposition, SCG emits a large amount of CO2 and methane each year. The main novelty of our work is the implementation of sequential extraction with solvents of increased polarity that allows for the maximal removal of the available extractives. In addition, we have compared different extraction techniques, such as conventional and Soxhlet extraction, with more effective accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), which has seen relatively little use in terms of SCG extraction. By comparing these extraction methods and highlighting the key differences between them in terms of extraction yield and obtained extract composition, this work offers key insights for further SCG utilization. By using sequential and one-step accelerated solvent extraction, it is possible to obtain a significant number of extractives from SCG, with a yield above 20% of the starting biomass. The highest yield is for coffee oil, which is obtained with n-hexane ranging between 12% and 14% using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) according to the scheme: n-hexane→ethyl acetate→60% ethanol. Using single-stage extraction, increasing the ethanol concentration also increases the total phenolic content (TPC) and it ranges between 18.7-23.9 Gallic acid equivalent (GAE) mg/g. The iodine values in the range of 164-174 using ASE and Soxhlet extraction shows that the hexane extracts contain a significant amount of unsaturated fatty acids; coffee oils with a low acid number, in the range of 4.74-6.93, contain few free fatty acids. The characterization of separated coffee oil has shown that it mainly consists of linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and a small number of phenolic-type compounds.

Accelerated Solvent Extraction and Pulsed Electric Fields for Valorization of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Sole (Dover sole) By-Products: Protein Content, Molecular Weight Distribution and Antioxidant Potential of the Extracts.

Fishery by-products are rich in biologically active substances and the use of green and efficient extraction methods to recover these high-added-value compounds is of particular importance. In this study, head, skin and viscera of rainbow trout and sole were used as the target matrices and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) (45–55 °C, 15 min, pH 5.2–6.8, 103.4 bars) and pulsed electric fields (PEF) (1–3 kV/cm, 123–300 kJ/kg, 15–24 h) were applied as extraction technologies. The results showed that ASE and PEF significantly increased the protein extract efficiency of the fish by-products (p < 0.05) by up to 80%. SDS-PAGE results showed that ASE and PEF treatments changed the molecular size distribution of the protein in the extracts, which was specifically expressed as the change in the area or number of bands between 5 and 250 kDa. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was evaluated by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and total antioxidant capacity (ABTS) assays. The results showed that both ASE and PEF treatments significantly increased the antioxidant capacity of rainbow trout and sole skin and head extracts (p < 0.05). ASE and PEF extraction processes can be used as new technologies to extract high-added-value compounds from fish by-products.

New approaches to reduce sample processing times for the determination of polycyclic aromatic compounds in environmental samples

This study validates two approaches to streamlining the processing of sediment and biota for a suite of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) with a wide range of chemical properties, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkyl-PAHs (APAHs), and a new class of environmental contaminants, halogenated PAHs (HPAHs). One method is based on one-step in situ extraction/cleanup using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) in which a mixture of copper, deactivated alumina and silica gel were added directly to the ASE cell along with sample; the second technique is based on dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) using alumina/silica for cleanup of biota samples to augment conventional ASE extraction combined with gel permeation chromatography. Validation protocols were performed in accordance with the ISO/IEC 17025 guidelines, whereby method performance characteristics, i.e., accuracy, precision, linearity, limits of detection and ruggedness, were evaluated. Accuracies generally ranged from 70 to 120% for the in situ ASE method and 70–100% for the dSPE technique. Limits of detection/quantitation for the 45 target analytes for in situ ASE and dSPE methods were determined to be < 2.5/8 pg μL−1, and < 20/60 pg μL−1, respectively. Intra- and inter-day repeatability for both methods were < 25% except for 1 APAH which had an inter-day precision of 35% using the dSPE method. Neither method was affected by any of the purposeful changes attempted which implies that both methods are robust. Results of our validation studies showed excellent data quality for both methods in addition to achieving a reduction in sample processing times.

Extraction optimization of accelerated solvent extraction for eight active compounds from Yaobitong capsule using response surface methodology: Comparison with ultrasonic and reflux extraction

This work described the development of a novel method for simultaneous extraction of eight active compounds (including catechin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, ginsenoside Rg1, tetrahydropalmatine, ginsenoside Rb1 and osthole) from Yaobitong capsule by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). Response surface methodology (RSM) with desirability functions was employed to optimize the extraction conditions yielding the optimal conditions of ASE (extraction time 8 min, extraction temperature 80 °C, extraction solvent 70% methanol and flushing volume 100%). A high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of the eight compounds in Yaobitong capsule. The values of correlation coefficient (R) were satisfactory between 0.9992 and 0.9999 over the linear concentration range of 0.5–1000 μg mL−1. It was found that the limits of detection (LODs) and the limits of quantification (LOQs) for the eight active compounds were 0.10–2.90 μg•mL−1 and 0.30–9.40 μg•mL−1, respectively. The recoveries of the eight main active compounds in Yaobitong capsule were in the range of 93.31%–106.22%. And the contents of the analytes extracted by ASE under the optimal conditions were compared to traditional solvent extraction methods, such as ultrasonic and reflux extraction. The results indicated that the ASE method proved to be more suitable for the extract of active compounds in Yaobitong capsule, which could obtain higher extraction efficiency. At last, the proposed method was applied to analyze ten batches of actual samples, which provided high extraction efficiency and had wide potential application in the analysis of traditional Chinese medicines.

Calibration of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) data of three Eucalyptus species with extractive contents determined by ASE extraction for rapid identification of species and high extractive contents

Abstract Plantations of naturally durable timber species could substitute unsustainably harvested wood from tropical forests or wood treated with toxic preservatives. The New Zealand Dryland Forests Initiative (NZDFI) has established a tree-breeding program to develop genetically improved planting stock for durable eucalyptus plantations. In this study the durable heartwood of Eucalyptus bosistoana, Eucalyptus globoidea and Eucalyptus argophloia was characterized by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and NIR data was calibrated with the extractives content (EC), determined by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) extraction, by means of a partial least squares regression (PLSR) model. It was possible to predict the EC content in the range of 0.34–18.9% with a residual mean square error (RMSE) of 0.9%. Moreover, the three species could also be differentiated by NIR spectroscopy with 100% accuracy, i.e. NIR spectroscopy is able to segregate timbers from mixed species forest plantations.

A Comparison of the Accelerated Solvent Extraction Method to the Soxhlet Method in the Extraction of Cotton Fiber Wax

Cotton fiber wax extraction yields of the contemporary accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) method were compared to the reference Soxhlet extraction method. Two Upland cotton varieties, referred to as the STV5458 B2F and the FM9180 B2F varieties grown in Lubbock, TX, USA, were examined. Effects of ASE extraction time and temperature were investigated. Characteristic environmental scanning electron microscopic (ESEM) images revealed fiber damage following both extraction methods, with the ASE method showing the least damage. A one-way ANOVA showed the two methods to be statistically different according to a 95% confidence level (p &lt; 0.05) when combining analyses of the two cotton varieties.

Extraction Optimization of Phenolics and Antioxidants from Black Goji Berry by Accelerated Solvent Extractor Using Response Surface Methodology

This study aims to provide fundamental knowledge for the use of black goji berry and determine the optimum process parameters that produce maximum phenolics from black goji berry through accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). The optimal extractions of phenolics and antioxidants from black goji were explored via the ASE techniques, applying the response surface methodology (RSM) design. After reaching the optimal conditions for single factors, the optimal ASE extraction conditions were found through a total of 17 runs following the Box-Behnken design (BBD) from RSM. The maximum yield of total phenolic content (TPC) was 17.92 mg GAE/g under the best extraction conditions: an extraction temperature of 89.38 °C, an ethanol concentration of 70% and an extraction time of 13 min. This study indicates that the optimal extraction conditions could serve as the scientific basis for scaled-up industrial production. Black goji berry could be a viable source of nutraceuticals due to the abundance of antioxidant and phenolic substances.

Polysaccharides from bamboo shoots processing by-products: New insight into extraction and characterization

In this study, an efficient accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology was applied for rapid extraction of polysaccharides from the processing by-products of Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (CPS). The extraction yields, physicochemical characterization, and antioxidant activities of CPS obtained by ASE and hot water extraction (HWE) were further compared. A maximal ASE-CPS yield was obtained by optimized extraction conditions (temperature 126 °C, 2 cycles, and 22 min) using response surface methodology. The yield of polysaccharides from ASE (9.96% ± 0.39%) was significantly higher than that from HWE (7.16% ± 0.32%). Differences were found between ASE and HWE with the chemical composition, molecular weight distribution, rheological property, and antioxidant activities of the obtained polysaccharides, while the primary structure remained the same. ASE-CPS exhibited better chemical antioxidant activities in oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reducing power, and DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, whereas HWE-CPS displayed higher activity in metal chelating activity assay.

Rapid sequential separation of sedimentary lipid biomarkers via selective accelerated solvent extraction

Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) can be adapted for selective and sequential separation of saturated hydrocarbon, unsaturated/aromatic hydrocarbon and polar lipid fractions from complex organic extracts in environmental matrices. ASE extraction cells were packed with a layer of Ag+ impregnated and activated silica gel, followed by an aliquot of the total lipid extract, and topped with another layer of activated silica gel. A fraction containing saturated hydrocarbons (FSAT) was eluted with hexane. Then, cells were inverted for reversed solvent flow and compounds of increasing polarity were eluted with solvent of increasing eluotropic strength to yield an unsaturated/aromatic hydrocarbon fraction (FARO) separated from a polar lipid fraction (FPOL). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated high recovery of standards in FSAT (90±3%), FARO (82±4%) and FPOL (87±3%). Average compound recovery and efficiency of separation between lipid fractions were significantly improved (p<0.05) relative to separation with gravity column chromatography using similar stationary phases. Overall, this selective extraction method affords reliable, semi-automated separation of compound classes in total lipid extracts according to saturation and polarity and is well suited for molecular characterization and compound-specific isotopic analysis.

Optimal extraction and fingerprinting of carotenoids by accelerated solvent extraction and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) is applied for the extraction of carotenoids from orange carrot and the extraction parameters were optimized. Two carotenoids, lutein and β-carotene, are selected as the validation process. Hildebrand solubility parameters and dielectric constant of solvents were taken into consideration in selecting solvent mixture. The effects of various experimental parameters, such as temperature, static time, drying agent etc., on the ASE extraction efficiency are investigated systematically. Interactions among the variables were also studied. Furthermore, two carotenoids were analyzed and characterized by LC–ESI MS. The study concluded that Hildebrand solubility parameter approach may be applicable for less polar bioactive molecules like carotenoids. The properties of solvent and extraction temperature are found to be the most important parameters affecting the ASE extraction efficiency of thermolabile natural compounds.

Determination of ultra-trace organic acids in Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.) by accelerated solvent extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

An accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)-solid-phase extraction (SPE)-liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ASE-SPE-LC-ESI-MS/MS) methodology was developed for the extraction, cleanup and quantification of ultra-trace organic acids in Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.) tissues. The separation was carried out on a Bio-Rad Aminex HPX-87H sulfonic column with an eluent containing 5 mmol L(-1) H₂SO₄ at a flow rate of 0.5 mL min(-1). A linear ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization (ESI) source was operated in negative ion mode, and the six organic acids were eluted within 20 min. ASE extraction, SPE cleanup and LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis conditions were optimized to obtain reliable information about plant organic acid composition. Selective reaction monitoring (SRM) was employed for quantitative measurement. Intra-day precisions averaged 6.7%, and inter-day precisions were 2.1-10.7% for organic acid measurements in the pine samples. External standard calibration curves were linear over the range of 16.5-5000 ng L(-1), and detection limits based on a signal-to-noise ratio of three were at 0.5-5.0 ng L(-1). The results obtained showed the sensibility of the method was better than that of previously described HPLC methodology, and had no significant matrix effect. The proposed ASE-SPE-LC-ESI-MS/MS method is sensitive and reliable for the determination of ultra-trace organic acids in plant samples, despite the presence of the particularly complex matrix.

Extraction of Hemicellulosic Sugar and Acetic Acid from Different Wood Species with Pressurized Dilute Acid Pretreatment

Extraction is a necessary element in the bioconversion of lignocellulosics to fuels and chemicals. Although various forms of chemical pretreatment of cellulosic materials have been proposed, their effectiveness varies depending on the treatment conditions and substrate. In this study, mixed hardwood (MH) and loblolly pine (LP) were pretreated with dilute acid in a 100 mL accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) at the predetermined optimal conditions: temperature: <TEX>$170^{\circ}C$</TEX>, acid concentration: 0.5% (w/v), and reaction time: 2~64 min. This method was highly effective for extracting the hemicellulose fraction. Total xmg (defined as the sum of xylose, mannose, and galactose) can be extracted from milled MH and LP through pressurized dilute acid treatment in maximum yields of 12.6 g/L and 15.3 g/L, respectively, representing 60.5% and 70.4% of the maximum possible yields, respectively. The crystallinity index increased upon pretreatment, reflecting the removal of the amorphous portion of biomass. The crystalline structure of the cellulose in the biomass, however, was not changed by the ASE extraction process.

Accelerated, Microwave‐Assisted, and Conventional Solvent Extraction Methods Affect Anthocyanin Composition from Colored Grains

Anthocyanins are important dietary components with diverse positive functions in human health. This study investigates effects of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) on anthocyanin composition and extraction efficiency from blue wheat, purple corn, and black rice in comparison with the commonly used solvent extraction (CSE). Factorial experimental design was employed to study effects of ASE and MAE variables, and anthocyanin extracts were analyzed by spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (DAD), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry chromatography. The extraction efficiency of ASE and MAE was comparable with CSE at the optimal conditions. The greatest extraction by ASE was achieved at 50 °C, 2500 psi, 10 min using 5 cycles, and 100% flush. For MAE, a combination of 70 °C, 300 W, and 10 min in MAE was the most effective in extracting anthocyanins from blue wheat and purple corn compared with 50 °C, 1200 W, and 20 min for black rice. The anthocyanin composition of grain extracts was influenced by the extraction method. The ASE extraction method seems to be more appropriate in extracting anthocyanins from the colored grains as being comparable with the CSE method based on changes in anthocyanin composition. The method caused lower structural changes in anthocaynins compared with the MAE method. Changes in blue wheat anthocyanins were lower in comparison with purple corn or black rice perhaps due to the absence of acylated anthocyanin compounds in blue wheat. The results show significant differences in anthocyanins among the 3 extraction methods, which indicate a need to standardize a method for valid comparisons among studies and for quality assurance purposes.

Optimal extraction and fingerprint analysis of Cnidii fructus by accelerated solvent extraction and high performance liquid chromatographic analysis with photodiode array and mass spectrometry detections

A confirmatory and reliable procedure has been developed for extraction and determination of Cnidii fructus by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array, electrospray ionisation ion trap tandem mass spectrometry and time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-ESI-ITMSn/TOF-MS). The determination method enabled the characterisation of sixteen bioactive components in C. fructus and quantification of three major coumarins, namely osthole, imperatorin and isopimpinellin. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimise the extraction parameters yielding the optimum conditions of ASE (extraction temperature 122°C, extraction time 5min and two static cycles). And the total contents of three major coumarins extracted by ASE under the optimum conditions was significantly higher than those by reflux and ultrasonic extraction (P<0.05) with better reproducibility. At last, the proposed method coupled with pattern recognition was applied to analysis of C. fructus from eight different regions in China.

METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR RAPID ANALYSIS OF DIOXIN IN SOME FOOD AND FEED USING FREEZE DRYING AND ACCELERATED SOLVENT EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES

The global methods approved and reliable for the analysis of dioxins in food and feed, which take a lot of time, money and effort in addition to that, take many harmful solvents. A simple and rapid method for sample preparation and extraction of dioxins from food developed using freeze-drying (FD) and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) techniques, respectively. Average recoveries of dioxins extracted from the food obtained by a conventional soxhlet extraction and the ASE almost equal, when the data compared by both methods. Moreover, decrease the time of tissue extraction from 24 hours using soxhlet to only 35 minutes using ASE technique. Development of dioxin analysis in food and feed samples by entire method of fat extraction based on ASE for determination of dioxin compounds with high-resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) from food and feed samples was developed. Optimization conditions for ASE method are effective and reliable by using Dionex ASE 350 as follows oven temperature: 150 °C, static cycle time: 5 minute, cycle’sno.: 4, flush volume: 100%, purge time: 90 sec, cell pressure: 1590 psi (nitrogen gas) and total extraction time: 35 min per sample.Extraction solvents used for fatty-food samples such as fish, meat and liver were Hexane: DCM (1:1 v,v). While toluene used for extraction of Non-fatty food samples. Quality assurance for ASE extraction method such as precision and recovery as well as robustness and natural contaminated samples evaluated through certified reference materials (CRM) analysis. Accuracy of PCDD/Fs estimated with CRM for Trout sample was below 4% for both ASE and soxhlet, (complying with EU requirement ≤ 20%). This study was to compare efficiency of various extraction tools to determine the content of dioxins in food and feed samples by using accelerated solvent extraction technique (ASE) with those prepared by extraction in soxhlet technique.

Accelerated Solvent Extraction: development of a representative extraction method from medicinal plants for cosmetic applications

The first crucial step to discover new cosmetic plant active ingredients is the extraction before the analysis of plant materials. Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) is a fast and automatic sample preparation technique which offers the ability to carry out sequentially multiple extracts (up to 24 samples).Then, cosmetic activities (enzymatic targets and skin cells) can be evaluated. For preliminary phytochemical investigations, an efficient and exhaustive method is traditionally used to extract polar plant metabolites. The aim of our study was to define ASE conditions to obtain the most complete and representative extraction. In contrary, most of publications deal with the optimization of operational parameters to enhance the selectivity of extraction of only compounds of interest. The transposition of our conventional solvent-based extraction method (hydroethanolic reflux extraction, 1h, ratio plant/solvent 10%) to ASE technology was performed with respect of amount of extracted material (dry matter, yield) and chemical composition. Among herbs selected, ASE extracts of Lespedeza capitata Michx. and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extracts were obtained and analyzed by Thin-Layer Chromatography. The flavonoids content of the extract was identified by HPTLC coupled with UV densitometric detection. The quantification of orientin/homorientin and baicalin/baicalein was achieved to select the best ASE parameters (50°C, 10min, ratio plant/solvent 20%). In addition, the antiradical activity of extracts was evaluated. The results showed that optimized ASE extracts were equivalent to conventional ones concerning phytochemical composition and antiradical activity. To conclude, such standardization of ASE extraction method is a powerful tool for rapid screening of new cosmetic plant active ingredients.

Sequential ASE extraction of alkylphenols from sediments: Occurrence and environmental implications

The occurrence of alkylphenols (APs) including nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP) in the riverine sediments from the Pearl River Delta (PRD), South China was investigated and compared by Soxhlet extraction (S-APs) with dichloromethane and by sequential accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) (A-APs) with 1:6 toluene/methanol, respectively. Concentrations of OP and NP range from <1 to 463 ng/g dw and 31–21,885 ng/g dw, respectively, demonstrating that the contamination level of APs in the PRD is one of the highest in the world. Moreover, the A-APs contents are highly significantly related to and on average 1.5 times the S-APs contents. For sequential two ASE extractions, APs in the first extract accounts for 82.2–99.2% of their total contents in the sequential two extractions. The correlation analysis shows that S-APs and A-APs are both significantly associated with the contents of total organic carbon (TOC), suggesting that the variable extraction efficiency of these two methods is related to the presence of condensed organic matter in the sediments.

Accelerated solvent extraction for GC-based tobacco fingerprinting and its comparison with simultaneous distillation and extraction

An accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) procedure has been developed as a pretreatment method for chemical fingerprinting of volatile and semi-volatile components in cut tobacco. The ASE extraction conditions including temperature, operation pressure and extraction cycles were optimized to maximize extraction yield. The method was validated with repeatability, recovery and linearity. Compared with simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE), ASE provides higher extraction yields, less extraction time, lower solvent consumption and less labor time, and is more suitable for tobacco sample preparation. A typical ASE extract was analyzed by gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). A total of 305 components with signal-to-noise ratio higher than 100 were tentatively identified by NIST05 and Wiley database. Finally, 36 cigarette samples from six cigarette brands were analyzed using the developed chemical fingerprinting method. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis shows good discrimination of different cigarette brands. The results indicate that ASE method can serve as high-throughput sample preparation technique for cigarette chemical fingerprint analysis.