Abstract
This study aims to provide fundamental knowledge for the use of black goji berry and determine the optimum process parameters that produce maximum phenolics from black goji berry through accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). The optimal extractions of phenolics and antioxidants from black goji were explored via the ASE techniques, applying the response surface methodology (RSM) design. After reaching the optimal conditions for single factors, the optimal ASE extraction conditions were found through a total of 17 runs following the Box-Behnken design (BBD) from RSM. The maximum yield of total phenolic content (TPC) was 17.92 mg GAE/g under the best extraction conditions: an extraction temperature of 89.38 °C, an ethanol concentration of 70% and an extraction time of 13 min. This study indicates that the optimal extraction conditions could serve as the scientific basis for scaled-up industrial production. Black goji berry could be a viable source of nutraceuticals due to the abundance of antioxidant and phenolic substances.
Highlights
Black goji berry from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an abundant source of various nutrients—proteins, superoxide dismutase, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, polysaccharides [1]
After setting other variables as follows the extraction time of 5 min, the concentration of extraction solvent of 80%, the extraction pressure of 10 MPa, and the number of cycles of 2, the extraction process was performed at different temperature conditions (50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 ◦ C)
To explore how the extraction time affects the total phenolics value, the extraction process was conducted at varied extraction times (3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 min) while, other variables were kept constant
Summary
Black goji berry from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an abundant source of various nutrients—proteins, superoxide dismutase, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, polysaccharides [1]. It is expected to become a colorant for cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, beverages, and food [2]. It contains a variety of trace elements, confirming good medicinal plant resources. The amino acids accounted for about 50% of the total, making black goji berry a preferred high-quality protein [3]. A natural wild fruit, black goji berry contains up to 5.04% of oligomeric proantho-cyanidins (OPC), which is 10 and 18 times higher than that in Chinese wolfberry and natural blueberry, respectively [4]
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