Abstract
Fishery by-products are rich in biologically active substances and the use of green and efficient extraction methods to recover these high-added-value compounds is of particular importance. In this study, head, skin and viscera of rainbow trout and sole were used as the target matrices and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) (45–55 °C, 15 min, pH 5.2–6.8, 103.4 bars) and pulsed electric fields (PEF) (1–3 kV/cm, 123–300 kJ/kg, 15–24 h) were applied as extraction technologies. The results showed that ASE and PEF significantly increased the protein extract efficiency of the fish by-products (p < 0.05) by up to 80%. SDS-PAGE results showed that ASE and PEF treatments changed the molecular size distribution of the protein in the extracts, which was specifically expressed as the change in the area or number of bands between 5 and 250 kDa. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was evaluated by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and total antioxidant capacity (ABTS) assays. The results showed that both ASE and PEF treatments significantly increased the antioxidant capacity of rainbow trout and sole skin and head extracts (p < 0.05). ASE and PEF extraction processes can be used as new technologies to extract high-added-value compounds from fish by-products.
Highlights
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations report, global fish production increased from 19 million tons in 1950 to 178.5 million tons in 2018, about a nine-fold increase; per capita, consumption of fish products has increased from 9 kg in 1961 to 20.5 kg in 2018, an increase of about 2.2 times [1,2].At the same time, in the manufacturing process of fish products, a large number of by-products are produced, including viscera, skin, bones, fins, heads, etc., and these by-products account for 30~70% of the total weight of the fish [3,4,5]
The results showed that Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) significantly increased the antiABTS+ ability of rainbow trout and sole head and skin extracts (p < 0.05), but significantly reduced the anti-ABTS+ ability of the two fish viscera extracts (p < 0.05)
The results showed that ASE significantly increased the antiTheability experimental rainbow troutsole andhead sole and samples obtained frombut a local superABTS+
Summary
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations report, global fish production increased from 19 million tons in 1950 to 178.5 million tons in 2018, about a nine-fold increase; per capita, consumption of fish products has increased from 9 kg in 1961 to 20.5 kg in 2018, an increase of about 2.2 times [1,2].At the same time, in the manufacturing process of fish products, a large number of by-products are produced, including viscera, skin, bones, fins, heads, etc., and these by-products account for 30~70% of the total weight of the fish [3,4,5]. The spoilage of the by-products created a great burden on the environment, such as nourishing microorganisms, promoting the release of harmful gases and polluting land and water [8,9]
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