Accelerated Aging Research Articles

In vitro and invivo efficacy of a cosmetic product formulated with new lipid particles for the treatment of aged skin.

The cumulative oxidative damage causes an acceleration in the skin aging. To evaluate the ability of a new patented matrix of lipid particles (SIREN CAPSULE TECHNOLOGY™) to have superior anti-aging properties due to its high sensitivity to reactive oxygen species (ROS), testing its efficacy versus free or encapsulated vitamins. An invitro study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of lipid particles using menadione as an enhancer of oxidative stress. Subsequently, invivo studies evaluated skin hydration, skin barrier function, and smoothness and wrinkle depth. For this purpose, gels containing free or encapsulated vitamins were used as controls. In vitro, the SIREN CAPSULE TECHNOLOGY™ gel shows inhibitory activity against ROS production through menadione induction. In fact, at both tested concentrations, ROS production is lower than in the control samples (placebo, free vitamins, encapsulated vitamins). In vivo, the net effect of SIREN CAPSULE TECHNOLOGY™ gel versus the others permitted to conclude that lipid particles exert a higher skin moisturizing effect (20.17%) and a stronger effect in reducing transepidermal water loss (-16.29%) after 4 weeks of treatment. As for surface analysis, a gel based on SIREN CAPSULE TECHNOLOGY™ improves the skin texture in a similar way than gel containing encapsulated vitamins (Ra and Rz variations in 4 weeks). SIREN CAPSULE TECHNOLOGY™ represents an advance and a successful strategy to develop cosmetic products for the treatment of skin conditions associated with an accumulation of ROS. SIREN CAPSULE TECHNOLOGY™ represents a result-oriented breakthrough in the effective delivery of active ingredients to the skin.

Accelerated aging mediates the associations of unhealthy lifestyles with cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality.

With two well-validated aging measures capturing mortality and morbidity risk, this study examined whether and to what extent aging mediates the associations of unhealthy lifestyles with adverse health outcomes. Data were from 405,944 adults (40-69 years) from UK Biobank (UKB) and 9972 adults (20-84 years) from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). An unhealthy lifestyles score (range: 0-5) was constructed based on five factors (smoking, drinking, physical inactivity, unhealthy body mass index, and unhealthy diet). Two aging measures, Phenotypic Age Acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) and Biological Age Acceleration (BioAgeAccel) were calculated using nine and seven blood biomarkers, respectively, with a higher value indicating the acceleration of aging. The outcomes included incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), incident cancer, and all-cause mortality in UKB; CVD mortality, cancer mortality, and all-cause mortality in NHANES. A general linear regression model, Cox proportional hazards model, and formal mediation analysis were performed. The unhealthy lifestyles score was positively associated with PhenoAgeAccel (UKB: β = 0.741; NHANES: β = 0.874, all p < 0.001). We further confirmed the respective associations of PhenoAgeAccel and unhealthy lifestyles with the outcomes in UKB and NHANES. The mediation proportion of PhenoAgeAccel in associations of unhealthy lifestyles with incident CVD, incident cancer, and all-cause mortality were 20.0%, 17.8%, and 26.6% (all p < 0.001) in UKB, respectively. Similar results were found in NHANES. The findings were robust when using another aging measure-BioAgeAccel. Accelerated aging partially mediated the associations of lifestyles with CVD, cancer, and mortality in UK and US populations. The findings reveal a novel pathway and the potential of geroprotective programs in mitigating health inequality in late life beyond lifestyle interventions.

A novel aging acceleration rate equation for accelerated weather aging test of high viscosity modified asphalt: Theoretical derivation and experimental correction

Accelerated weather aging test is a novel aging method for evaluating the long-term real aging behavior of large-void asphalt pavement (OGFC) and high viscosity modified asphalt (HVMA). However, uncertainties in aging acceleration rate and inconsistencies in selecting weather parameters are the core issues restricting its widespread application. To address these issues, this study proposes a novel approach to construct aging acceleration rate equation for the accelerated weather aging test, considering aging kinetics theory and experimental data correction. First, three representative weather aging combinations were chosen, and a theoretical model for aging acceleration rate was preliminarily constructed based on thermal aging kinetics theory, photoaging kinetics theory, and humidity peak model. Then, by comparing the aging performance between accelerated weather aged HVMA and natural aged HVMA, the experimental aging acceleration rate range (AF1) was determined, and the theoretical model was parameterized to formulate the aging acceleration rate equation at the binder level. Finally, based on the aging performance comparison between accelerated weather aged HVMA and recycled HVMA from field-aged OGFC, the experimental aging acceleration rate range (AF2) was determined, and the mixture-level aging acceleration rate equation after parameter correction was determined. The results show that after theoretical derivation and experimental correction, the aging acceleration rate equation at the binder level incorporates temperature acceleration rate, solar radiation acceleration rate, humidity acceleration rate, and binder correction coefficient Cα (Cα = 1.214). For the mixture level, it also requires considering mixture correction coefficient Cβ (Cβ = 3.731). Under the three typical weather aging combinations in this study, a one-day accelerated weather aging test can simulate the aging effect of 18, 40 and 81-days natural aging for HVMA or 2, 5, and 10-months field aging for OGFC. The aging acceleration rate equations involve real weather parameters, allowing the determination of aging acceleration rates under any combination of weather parameters. This provides a foundation for weather parameter selection and enables accurate simulation of long-term aging of HVMA and OGFC in the laboratory.

Associations between psychological resilience and epigenetic clocks in the health and retirement study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between psychological resilience and epigenetic clocks assessed by DNA methylation age predictions. We used data from 4018 participants in the Health and Retirement Study. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate the association between psychological resilience and epigenetic clocks adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index, smoking status, and years of education. Thirteen epigenetic clocks were used in our analysis and were highly correlated with one another. A higher psychological resilience score was associated with slower DNA methylation age acceleration for the majority of epigenetic clocks after multivariable adjustment. These findings imply that people with a higher level of psychological resilience may experience slower DNA methylation age acceleration and biological aging.

Accelerated epigenetic aging and decreased natural killer cells based on DNA methylation in patients with untreated major depressive disorder

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is known to cause significant disability. Genome-wide DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles can be used to estimate biological aging and as epigenetic clocks. However, information on epigenetic clocks reported in MDD patients is inconsistent. Since antidepressants are likely confounders, we evaluated biological aging using various DNAm-based predictors in patients with MDD who had never received depression medication. A publicly available dataset consisting of whole blood samples from untreated MDD patients (n = 40) and controls (n = 40) was used. We analyzed five epigenetic clocks (HorvathAge, HannumAge, SkinBloodAge, PhenoAge, and GrimAge), DNAm-based telomere length (DNAmTL), and DNAm-based age-related plasma proteins (GrimAge components), as well as DNAm-based white blood cell composition. The results indicate that patients with untreated MDD were significantly associated with epigenetic aging acceleration in HannumAge and GrimAge. Furthermore, a decrease in natural killer cells, based on DNAm, was observed in patients with untreated MDD.

Aging acceleration of balsamic vinegar applying micro-oxygenation technique.

The effect of micro-oxygenation (MOX) technique on quality and sensorial characteristics of balsamic vinegar was investigated, aiming to aging acceleration. Aging experiments were conducted using a multiple diffuser micro-oxygenator for up to 6months with an oxygen flow of 30mg/L/month, including oak chips (1g/L) or not. Barrel maturation was simultaneously carried out. Quality, nutritional, sensorial characteristics and the aromatic profile of all aged vinegars were evaluated throughout aging. MOX accelerated the alteration of aging indices. Volatile compounds of fruity aroma and wine were decreased, while the fatty/buttery and caramel aroma compounds were increased. Similar compounds of 1.5-year barrel maturation were developed within 6 and 5months applying MOX without or with oak chips, respectively. MOX resulted in reduction of the aging time to 1/3 compared to the corresponding one in barrels, considered as an attractive approach for vinegar-producing industries, mimicking and accelerating the long and costly barrel aging.

The Use of Hemispheric Directional Reflectance Method to Verify the Usefulness of Filters Protecting the Skin Against Infrared Radiation.

Infrared radiation (IR) has a wide spectrum of both positive and harmful effects on the human body. Negative properties, manifested by increasing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), affect the skin ageing acceleration. Other adverse effect of infrared exposure is related to its ability to significantly penetrate deep into the skin, between its layers, up to blood vessels and other tissues and warm them up. Due to its harmful effects, protecting the skin against infrared radiation becomes an important issue. The aim of the research was verifying the usefulness of filters available on the market with protection against infrared radiation declared by the manufacturers, by examining their impact on the directional reflectance of the human skin. A group of 27 people was gathered, to obtain the results. Four products were applied on the participant's forearm skin, and then measurements of the directional reflectance of the skin were made at successive time points, using the 410-Solar reflectometer. The collected data was analyzed, and showed changes in reflectance under the influence of the applied protective products. The products used in the study showed a statistically significant effect on the directional reflectance of the human skin in near infrared radiation range and little effectiveness for higher wavelengths. The results indicate that the selected products show radiation protection against IR radiation only after several dozen minutes of application, which may suggest that they must penetrate deeper skin layers to be effective. Hemispheric directional reflectance turned out to be an effective method allows to assess the effectiveness of protective properties of cosmetics.

DNA Methylation Age Acceleration Is Not Associated with Age of Onset in Parkinson's Disease.

Epigenetic clocks using DNA methylation (DNAm) to estimate biological age have become popular tools in the study of neurodegenerative diseases. Notably, several recent reports have shown a strikingly similar inverse relationship between accelerated biological aging, as measured by DNAm, and the age of onset of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Common to all of these studies is that they were performed without control subjects and using the exact same measure of accelerated aging: DNAm age minus chronological age. We aimed to assess the validity of these findings in PD, using the same dataset as in the original study, blood DNAm data from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative cohort, but also including control samples in the analyses. We replicated the analyses and findings of the previous study and then reanalyzed the dataset incorporating control samples to account for underlying age-related biases. Our reanalysis shows that there is no correlation between age of onset and DNAm age acceleration. Conversely, there is a pattern of overestimating DNAm age in younger and underestimating DNAm age in older individuals in the dataset that entirely explains the previously reported association. Our findings refute the previously reported inverse relationship between DNAm age acceleration and age of onset in PD. We show that these findings are fully accounted for by an expected over/underestimation of DNAm age in younger/older individuals. Furthermore, this effect is likely to be responsible for nearly identical findings reported in other neurodegenerative diseases. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

The molecular neural mechanism underlying the acceleration of brain aging due to Dcf1 deficiency

Owing to the continuous increase in human life expectancy, the management of aging-related diseases has become an urgent issue. The brain dominates the central nervous system; therefore, brain aging is a key area of aging-related research. We previously uncovered that dendritic cell factor 1 (Dcf1) maintains the stemness of neural stem cells and its expression in Drosophila can prolong lifespan, suggesting an association between Dcf1 and aging; however, the specific underlying neural mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we show for the first time that hippocampal neurogenesis is decreased in aged Dcf1−/− mice, which leads to a decrease in the number of brain neurons and an increased number of senescent cells. Moreover, astrocytes proliferate abnormally and express elevated mRNA levels of aging-related factors, in addition to displaying increased activation of Akt and Foxo3a. Finally, behavioral tests confirm that aged Dcf1−/− mice exhibit a significant decline in cognitive abilities related to learning and memory. In conclusion, we reveal a novel mechanism underlying brain aging triggered by Dcf1 deficiency at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and behavioral levels, providing a new perspective for the exploration of brain aging.

Association between depression and quality of life in older adults with type 2 diabetes: A moderated mediation of cognitive impairment and sleep quality

BackgroundThe acceleration of aging and the increase in life expectancy have resulted in an increasing number of older adults developing physical and mental comorbidities. We examined the association between depression and quality of life (QoL) using cognitive impairment (COI) as a mediator and sleep quality (SQ) as a moderator among older adults with type 2 diabetes. MethodsA total of 2646 participants from Weifang, Shandong, China completed the survey. Their depression, cognitive function, SQ, and QoL were assessed. PROCESS was used to investigate mediating and moderating effects. ResultsCOI mediated the association between depression and QoL (indirect effect = −0.1058, bootstrapped 95 % CI [−0.1417, −0.0725]). Moderated mediation analyses indicated that SQ moderated the first half of the pathway of depression's impact on QoL through COI (moderating effect = −0.1128, bootstrapped 95 % CI [−0.1981, −0.0348]). Depression negatively impacted cognitive function in participants with poor (vs. better) SQ. LimitationsFirst, multiple assessment tools should be considered to increase objective assessment. Second, the cross-sectional design limited our ability to make causal inferences. Third, additional diabetes-related variables should be included to explore this relationship. Finally, the pathways of influence and mechanisms of action of COI in older adults should be explored further. ConclusionDepression could impair the QoL of older adults by aggravating their COI. Fortunately, improving patients' SQ may undermine this negative effect. These findings may play an integral role in promoting the psychiatric health of older adults with type 2 diabetes.

Attitudes Toward Patients in Muslim Husbands of Iranian Women with Mastectomy: A Qualitative Study

Background: This study was conducted to explain the Muslim husband’s attitude toward women undergoing mastectomy. Methods: In this content analysis research, 18 participants were selected by purposive sampling, semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the results were analyzed by the Elo and Kyngas method. Results: In this content analysis, the husbands found two approaches to the patient: A positive and a negative approach to the patient. A positive approach included making the patient more beautiful after illness, maintaining the patient’s beauty before and after the disease, and knowing the patient as a hero. A positive approach included loss of beauty after illness, decreased patient attractiveness after illness, disfigurement after treatment, and acceleration of aging in the last days of life. Conclusions: From the present study’s findings, it can be concluded that husbands’ views on women undergoing mastectomy are different and should be considered in psychological interventions between couples.

Association Between Daily Internet Use and Incidence of Chronic Diseases Among Older Adults: Prospective Cohort Study.

Chronic disease incidence among the elderly is increasing, which is correlated with the acceleration of population aging. Evolving internet technologies may help prevent and provide interventions for chronic diseases in an accelerating aging process. However, the impact of daily internet use on the incidence of chronic diseases is not well understood. This study aims to investigate whether daily internet use by middle-aged and older adults may inhibit or promote the occurrence of chronic diseases. We included participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a longitudinal survey of Chinese residents aged ≥45 years. We assessed 8-year data from wave 1 (June 2011-March 2012) to wave 4 (July-September 2018) in CHARLS. Data from wave 4 were used for a cross-sectional study, and data from all 4 waves were used for a longitudinal study. Self-reported data were used to track variables, including internet use, use frequency, and the incidence of different chronic diseases. Cox proportional hazards modeling was applied in the longitudinal study to examine the relationship between daily internet use and chronic diseases among middle-aged and older adults, while adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and health behaviors. In addition, longitudinal data were used to analyze internet usage trends, and cross-sectional data were used to analyze the factors influencing internet use. Among the 20,113 participants included in the longitudinal analyses, internet use increased significantly, from 2% to 12.3%, between 2011 and 2018. The adjusted model found statistically significant relationships between daily internet use and a lower incidence of the following chronic diseases: hypertension (hazard ratio [HR] 0.78, 95% CI 0.65-0.95, P=.01), chronic lung disease (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.57-0.97, P=.03), stroke (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.50-0.94, P=.02), digestive disease (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.58-0.91, P=.005), memory-related disorders (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37-0.91, P=.02), arthritis or rheumatism (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.48-0.76, P<.001), asthma (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.33-0.84, P=.007), depression (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.71-0.89, P<.001), and vision impairment (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.74-0.93, P=.004). Moreover, our study also showed that with increasing frequency of internet use, the risk of some chronic diseases decreases. This study found that middle-aged and older adults who use the internet have a reduced risk of developing chronic diseases versus those who do not use the internet. The increasing prevalence of daily internet use among middle-aged and older adults may stimulate contemplation of the potential role of internet platforms in future research on chronic disease prevention.

Spatial variations and influencing factors of Cumulative Health Deficit Index of elderly in China

BackgroundWith the acceleration of aging and urbanization, how to make cities more age-friendly has become a hot topic. During the long-term demographic transition, the health of the elderly has become an important consideration in urban planning and management. The health of the elderly is a complex issue. However, previous studies have mainly focused on the health defects related to disease incidence, loss of function, mortality, etc., yet a comprehensive evaluation of health status is lacking. The Cumulative Health Deficit Index (CHDI) is a composite index that combines psychological and physiological indicators. Health deficits can reduce the quality of life of the elderly and increase the burden on families, cities and even society, so it is indispensable to understand the individual factors and regional factors that affect CHDI. The research on the spatial differentiation of CHDI and its driving factors can provide scientific geographic information basis for the construction of age-friendly cities and healthy city planning. It also has great significance in narrowing the differences in the health status among regions and reducing the overall burden of the country.MethodsThis research analyzed a nationwide dataset, the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey in 2018 conducted by the Renmin University of China, which contained 11,418 elderly aged 60 years and older from 28 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions that represent 95% of the population in mainland China. The Cumulative Health Deficit Index (CHDI) was the first time constructed using the entropy-TOPSIS method to evaluate the health status of the elderly. Entropy-TOPSIS is to quantify the importance of each indicator by calculating the entropy value to improve the reliability and accuracy of the results and avoid the influence of previous researchers’ subjective assignments and model assumptions on the results. The selected variables include physical health 27 indicators (self-rated health, basic mobility assessment, daily activity ability, disease and treatment) and mental health 36 indicators (cognitive ability, depression and loneliness, social adjustment, and filial piety concept). The research used the Geodetector methods (factor detection and interaction detection) that combined individual and regional indicators to analyze the spatial variation characters and reveal the driving factors of CHDI.ResultsThe weight of mental health indicators (75.73) is three times that of physical health indicators (24.27), and its composition formula is: CHDI value = (14.77% disease and treatment + 5.54% daily activity ability + 2.14% health self-assessment + 1.81% basic mobility assessment) + (33.37% depression and loneliness + 25.21% cognitive ability + 12.46% social adjustment + 4.7% filial piety). Individual CHDI was more associated with age and was more evident in females than males. CHDI average values show the distribution trend of Hu Line (HL) in the geographic information graph that the CHDI in West HL regions are lower than in the East HL regions. The highest CHDI cities are in Shanxi, Jiangsu, and Hubei, whereas the lowest CHDI cities are Inner Mongolia, Hunan and Anhui. The geographical distribution maps of the 5-levels of CHDI levels show very different CHDI classification levels among the elderly in the same region. Further, the top three influential factors are personal income, empty nest, aged 80+, and regional factors also obviously affect CHDI values, such as the proportion participating in insurance, population density, and GDP. The two different factors in individual and regional factors all show a two-factor interaction effect, and enhancement or nonlinear enhancement. The top three ranks are personal income ∩ quality of air (0.94), personal income ∩ GDP (0.94), and personal income ∩ urbanization rate (0.87).ConclusionsCHDI is a subjective and objective comprehensive index, and mental indicators are primary factors. Thus attaching importance to the psychological care of the elderly is the key to building a healthy aging society. The large individual heterogeneity and spatial differentiation of CHDI in the elderly were demonstrated by map visualization. The analysis of the influencing factors of CHDI by the Geodetector method proves that spatial differentiation is mainly affected by individual economic and social security factors, but also by the interaction with regional factors such as quality of air, GDP, and urbanization rate. This research fills a gap in the elderly health status in the field of spatial geography. The results can provide empirical evidence for policymakers to take measures according to local conditions to improve the health status of the elderly according to regional differences in physical and mental conditions. It also plays a guiding role for the country in balancing regional economic development, promoting healthy and sustainable urban development, and creating age-friendly cities.

고령친화 아파트에 관한 국내 연구 동향 분석

In Korea, concerns are growing over the expansion of blind spots in housing welfare support for the elderly, which is dependent on public policies, along with the acceleration of aging due to baby boomers. In this change, the concept of AIP, in which the elderly continue to stay at home and live independently in the community where they lived, is drawing attention as a basic policy for housing welfare for the new elderly. In order to institutionalize this concept in accordance with the situation in Korea, it is necessary to first prepare elderly-friendly housing guidelines based on apartments with the highest proportion in the metropolitan area. To study this, research trends analysis was conducted through literature review. As a result, the subject type could be classified into three directions: space planning, service, system, and policy on the premise of elderly-friendly housing, and studies related to baby boomers, residence persistence, and AIP were reflected. However, it was confirmed that there is a lack of research necessary to prepare elderly-friendly apartment housing guidelines reflecting the characteristics of each public and private housing market.

The meaning of adaptation in aging: insights from cellular senescence, epigenetic clocks and stem cell alterations.

With recent rapid progress in research on aging, there is increasing evidence that many features commonly considered to be mechanisms or drivers of aging in fact represent adaptations. Here, we examine several such features, including cellular senescence, epigenetic aging and stem cell alterations. We draw a distinction between the causes and consequences of aging and define short-term consequences as 'responses' and long-term ones as 'adaptations'. We also discuss 'damaging adaptations', which despite having beneficial effects in the short term, lead to exacerbation of the initial insult and acceleration of aging. Features commonly recognized as 'basic mechanisms of the aging process' are critically examined for the possibility of their adaptation-driven emergence from processes such as cell competition and the wound-like features of the aging body. Finally, we speculate on the meaning of these interactions for the aging process and their relevance for the development of antiaging interventions.

Impact on Distribution Transformer Life Using Electric Vehicles with Long-Range Battery Capacity

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the effects of short-range and long-range electric vehicles charging on transformer life. Long-range vehicles are expected to become more common in the future. They have higher battery capacity and charge at higher power levels, modifying demand profile. A probabilistic analysis is performed using the Monte Carlo Simulation, evaluating the transformer hottest-spot temperature and the aging acceleration factor. Residential demand is modeled based on real electricity measurements, and EVs’ demand is modeled based on real data collected from a trial project developed in the United Kingdom. Simulations are conducted considering the influence of ambient temperature analyzing summer and winter seasons and several EV penetration levels. Results show the impacts caused by long-range vehicles are more severe because they charge at higher power levels, especially during winter, when residential demand is higher. For penetration level of 50% during summer, the use of long-range EVs brings a minimum equivalent aging factor of 5.2, which means the transformer aged 124.8 h in a cycle of only 24 h, decreasing its lifetime.

Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences With Accelerated Epigenetic Aging in Midlife

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with the risk of poorer health, and identifying molecular mechanisms may lay the foundation for health promotion in people with ACEs. To investigate the associations of ACEs with changes in epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), a biomarker associated with various health outcomes in middle-aged adults, in a population with balanced race and sex demographics. Data for this cohort study were from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Participants in CARDIA underwent 8 follow-up exams from baseline (year 0 [Y0]; 1985-1986) to Y30 (2015-2016), and participant blood DNA methylation information was obtained at Y15 (2000-2001) and Y20 (2005-2006). Individuals from Y15 and Y20 with available DNA methylation data and complete variables for ACEs and covariates were included. Data were analyzed from September 2021 to August 2022. Participant ACEs (general negligence, emotional negligence, physical violence, physical negligence, household substance abuse, verbal and emotional abuse, and household dysfunction) were obtained at Y15. The primary outcome consisted of results from 5 DNA methylation-based EAA measurements known to be associated with biological aging and long-term health: intrinsic EAA (IEAA), extrinsic EAA (EEAA), PhenoAge acceleration (PhenoAA), GrimAge acceleration (GrimAA), and Dunedin Pace of Aging Calculated From the Epigenome (DunedinPACE), measured at Y15 and Y20. Linear regression and generalized estimating equations were used to assess associations of the burden of ACEs (≥4 vs <4 ACEs) with EAA adjusting for demographics, health-related behaviors, and early life and adult socioeconomic status. A total of 895 participants for Y15 (mean [SD] age, 40.4 [3.5] years; 450 males [50.3%] and 445 females [49.7%]; 319 Black [35.6%] and 576 White [64.4%]) and 867 participants for Y20 (mean [SD] age, 45.4 [3.5] years; 432 males [49.8%] and 435 females [50.2%]; 306 Black [35.3%] and 561 White [64.7%]) were included after excluding participants with missing data. There were 185 participants with (20.7%) vs 710 participants without (79.3%) 4 or more ACEs at Y15 and 179 participants with (20.6%) vs 688 participants without (79.4%) 4 or more ACEs at Y20. Having 4 or more ACEs was positively associated with EAA in years at Y15 (EEAA: β = 0.60 years; 95% CI, 0.18-1.02 years; PhenoAA: β = 0.62 years; 95% CI = 0.13-1.11 years; GrimAA: β = 0.71 years; 95% CI, 0.42-1.00 years; DunedinPACE: β = 0.01; 95% CI, 0.01-0.02) and Y20 (IEAA: β = 0.41 years; 95% CI, 0.05-0.77 years; EEAA: β = 1.05 years; 95% CI, 0.66-1.44 years; PhenoAA: β = 0.57 years; 95% CI, 0.08-1.05 years; GrimAA: β = 0.57 years; 95% CI, 0.28-0.87 years; DunedinPACE: β = 0.01; 95% CI, 0.01-0.02) after adjusting for demographics, health-related behaviors, and socioeconomic status. In this cohort study, ACEs were associated with EAA among middle-aged adults after controlling for demographics, behavior, and socioeconomic status. These findings of the associations between early life experience and the biological aging process in midlife may contribute to health promotion in a life course perspective.

Spatial dynamics of ageing in large urban aglomerations

This paper discuss the relationship between population ageing and migratory movements, analyzing from a spatial dynamics of population in large urban agglomerations. We show that the spatial dynamics of ageing in large urban agglomerations is heterogeneous, having as a differentiating element until now the average income of the population and the historical process of urban development, with a tendency to change due to the acceleration of ageing in progress.

Compact Design of Matching Transformer with Long Operating Period Considering Aging Acceleration Factor and Life Span

Compact Design of Matching Transformer with Long Operating Period Considering Aging Acceleration Factor and Life Span

Synergistic acceleration effects of ultraviolet and salt spray on the degradation and failure of electromagnetic wave-absorbing coatings

There is an urgent need to reliably and rapidly evaluate the risk of failure of electromagnetic wave absorbing (EWA) coatings under the complex oceanic environment, which involves multiple weathering factors such as ultraviolet light, salt spray, etc. Unfortunately, conventional accelerated aging methods, which only consider single factor or apply multiple factors alternately, cannot adequately reproduce the failure modes and mechanisms of EWA coatings during real service. As a result, even though EWA coatings have passed existing qualification tests, their performance still could deteriorate much faster than expected. To this end, we investigated the synergistic acceleration effects of UV and salt spray on the degradation and failure of electromagnetic wave-absorbing coatings. Epoxy/flaky carbonyl iron (FCI) coating was prepared as the model sample. Effects of alternating- and combined-UV-salt spray (A-UV-SS and C-UV-SS) accelerated aging on the failure behaviors and underlying mechanisms of EWA coatings were investigated and compared thoroughly. It was found that EWA ability of coatings aged under C-UV-SS deteriorated much faster than that under A-UV-SS (more than two times). This additional acceleration aging effect was attributed to synergistic mechanisms with the coexistence of UV and salt spray: 1) acetic acid from the photo-oxidation of epoxy act synergistically with salt spray to accelerate the corrosion of Fe; 2) photovoltaic effect and salt spray synergistically promote the formation of iron oxides. This novel method has the potential to identify new failure mechanisms of EWA coatings and significantly reduce the test time, which is critical for their reliability evaluation and performance optimization.