Liberals have developed a defense of toleration that is value-neutral and rights-based. This article offers an alternative theory of toleration developed by the northern European humanists, one which rejects the liberals' assumptions. In contrast to the radical skepticism of liberals, the humanists adopt the mitigated skepticism of the Academic skeptics, in which some dogmatic and ethical truths could be ascertained, at least with probability. Instead of emphasizing the individual's assertion of rights against the commuity, the humanists looked to the community to determine the truth.