AC Samples Research Articles

Research on Multi-function Power Transmitter of AC Sampling Based on Modbus Protocol

It is of great significance for the stability and optimal operation of the power grid to find and control the abnormal conditions in the operation of the distribution system in time. According to the current situation of distribution network and the demand of distribution automation in China, aiming at the problems existing in the cost, accuracy, communication and reliability of distribution monitoring terminal, this paper puts forward a design scheme of distribution monitoring terminal with arm as the control core and high-precision power measurement chip as the data collection core, and designs the serial communication between computer and power transmitter. Communication protocol, and completed the production of the prototype.

An insight to HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) pathogenesis; evidence from high-throughput data integration and meta-analysis

BackgroundHuman T-lymphotropic virus 1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a progressive disease of the central nervous system that significantly affected spinal cord, nevertheless, the pathogenesis pathway and reliable biomarkers have not been well determined. This study aimed to employ high throughput meta-analysis to find major genes that are possibly involved in the pathogenesis of HAM/TSP.ResultsHigh-throughput statistical analyses identified 832, 49, and 22 differentially expressed genes for normal vs. ACs, normal vs. HAM/TSP, and ACs vs. HAM/TSP groups, respectively. The protein–protein interactions between DEGs were identified in STRING and further network analyses highlighted 24 and 6 hub genes for normal vs. HAM/TSP and ACs vs. HAM/TSP groups, respectively. Moreover, four biologically meaningful modules including 251 genes were identified for normal vs. ACs. Biological network analyses indicated the involvement of hub genes in many vital pathways like JAK-STAT signaling pathway, interferon, Interleukins, and immune pathways in the normal vs. HAM/TSP group and Metabolism of RNA, Viral mRNA Translation, Human T cell leukemia virus 1 infection, and Cell cycle in the normal vs. ACs group. Moreover, three major genes including STAT1, TAP1, and PSMB8 were identified by network analysis. Real-time PCR revealed the meaningful down-regulation of STAT1 in HAM/TSP samples than AC and normal samples (P = 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively), up-regulation of PSMB8 in HAM/TSP samples than AC and normal samples (P = 0.04 and P = 0.01, respectively), and down-regulation of TAP1 in HAM/TSP samples than those in AC and normal samples (P = 0.008 and P = 0.02, respectively). No significant difference was found among three groups in terms of the percentage of T helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (P = 0.55 and P = 0.12).ConclusionsHigh-throughput data integration disclosed novel hub genes involved in important pathways in virus infection and immune systems. The comprehensive studies are needed to improve our knowledge about the pathogenesis pathways and also biomarkers of complex diseases.

The influence of welding polarity on mechanical properties, microstructure and residual stresses of gas tungsten arc welded AA5052

The effect of welding current and polarity, i.e. AC and DCEN, on imposed thermal cycles, mechanical properties, microstructural events and residual stresses was investigated in GTA welding of AA5052. A three-dimensional thermo-mechanical model was utilized to evaluate thermal responses and residual stresses distribution in the weldments. Tensile testing and hardness measurements were also conducted to study the effect of welding polarity on the mechanical properties of components. Microstructural observations utilizing optical microscopy were carried out to assess the microstructural evolutions. The results show that wide varieties of microstructures are produced in DCEN sample from cells at the fusion boundary to equiaxed dendrites at the centre line. However, in the sample welded by AC current, the produced microstructure changes from columnar dendritic at the fusion line to equiaxed dendritic at the centre line. Although, these microstructural changes have no significant effects on the mechanical properties of weld metal. Furthermore, wider temperature contours in the AC sample resulted in a wider heat affected zone, i.e. 9.5 vs. 6.4 mm, and larger tensile residual stresses are produced in the longitudinal direction in the sample welded under DCEN polarity.

Sodium Phosphate Post-treatment on Al Coating: Morphological and Corrosion Study

The coatings deposited by arc thermal spraying process possess defects and pores within the coating, which must be filled using a proper pore sealing agent. In the present study, we have deposited an Al coating on a steel substrate using arc thermal spraying. Post-treatment with different concentrations of sodium phosphate monobasic (NaH2PO4) salt solution was then carried out to fill the pores in the Al coating. The scanning electron microscopy results show that NaH2PO4 (SP) at 0.5 M concentration significantly reduces the porosity. When the concentration of NaH2PO4 is less than 0.5 M, the coating contains some pores and defects, whereas post-treatment with 1 M NaH2PO4 leads to the formation of a brittle film with wide cracks on the coating surface. The x-ray diffraction results of the treated coating confirm the formation of sodium aluminum hydrogen phosphate (Na3Al(OH)(HPO4)(PO4) film (SAHP). Electrochemical results obtained in artificial ocean water solution (ASTM D1141) show that treatment of the coating with 0.5 M NaH2PO4 enhanced the corrosion resistance properties for up to 7 days of exposure, but once the exposure periods are extended, the treated coatings exhibited deterioration because SAHP film started to dissolve in aggressive ions, i.e., artificial ocean water solution which makes the solution acidic owing to the formation of hydrogen phosphate and phosphoric acid. The AC sample shows protection after 60 days of exposure in artificial ocean water solution owing to the formation of protective, adherent, and uniform α-Al(OH)3 as corrosion products.

Optical Properties and Mechanical Modeling of Acetylated Transparent Wood Composite Laminates.

Transparent wood composites (TWCs) are a new class of light-transmitting wood-based materials composed of a delignified wood template that is infiltrated with a refractive- index-matched polymer resin. Recent research has focused primarily on the fabrication and characterization of single-ply TWCs. However, multi-ply composite laminates are of interest due to the mechanical advantages they impart compared to the single ply. In this work, 1- and 2-ply [0°/90°] TWC laminates were fabricated using a delignified wood template (C) and an acetylated delignified wood template (AC). The optical and mechanical properties of resultant C and AC TWC laminates were determined using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and tensile testing (5× replicates), respectively. In addition, the ability of classical lamination plate theory and simple rule of mixtures to predict multi-ply tensile modulus and strength, respectively, from ply-level mechanical properties were investigated and are reported herein. Experimental results highlight tradeoffs that exist between the mechanical and optical responses of both unmodified and chemically modified TWCs. Template acetylation reduced the stiffness and strength in the 0° fiber direction by 2.4 GPa and 58.9 MPa, respectively, compared to the unmodified samples. At high wavelengths of light (>515 nm), AC samples exhibited higher transmittance than the C samples. Above 687 nm, the 2-ply AC sample exhibited a higher transmittance than the 1-ply C sample, indicating that thickness-dependent optical constraints can be overcome with improved interfacial interactions. Finally, both predictive models were successful in predicting the elastic modulus and tensile strength response for the 2-ply C and AC samples.

Analysis and Solution of Frequent Start-up of Incremental Differential Protection

In this paper, it is analyzed that the reason of frequent start-up of incremental differential protection is caused by double SC capacitor banks in a converter station. No abnormality was found in the secondary circuit of CT. In the process of inspection, it is found that the accuracy adjustment coefficient of 010A converter protection device 2 does not need to be adjusted, and the accuracy meets the error requirement. The accuracy adjustment coefficient of 010B converter protection device 2 can meet the error requirement only after individual adjustment. However, one year later, when the substation was out of service, it was found that the accuracy adjustment coefficient of the individual channels of 010B converter and rheological protection device 2 was quite different.Because the accuracy error of the external circuit meets the requirement, it is confirmed that the acquisition circuit of 010B converter protection device 2 is abnormal. Therefore, the acquisition circuit of 010B converter protection device 2 is replaced, including AC input circuit and sampling and holding circuit. After replacement, double SC capacitor banks were put into operation many times, and no start-up phenomenon occurred. In view of this incident, this paper also proposes two optimization schemes. One is to enhance the anti-interference measures of AC input plug-in of converter protection device. Secondly, dual redundancy is used in differential channel of single CPU plug-in.

The ctDNA in peritoneal effusion of advanced gastric cancer for auxiliary diagnosis of peritoneal metastasis.

e15516 Background: Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is the most frequent mode of distant metastasis in advanced gastric cancer (GC). Most PM could cause peritoneal effusion. However, the cytological examination of cancer cells in peritoneal effusion is less sensitive to the identification of PM early; the specificity of serum biomarkers in peritoneal effusion is poor. It is necessary to assess the feasibility of peritoneal effusion circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) for the PM diagnosis. Methods: 22 GCs with clinically confirmed PM as positive subjects and 11 non-cancers without PM as negative control were recruited. GC tissues were collected from 16 positive subjects. Peritoneal effusion supernatant (AS), peritoneal effusion cells (AC), and plasma were collected from each subject. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed using a 1021-gene panel. Sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of GC with PM were assessed. Results: Median age of 22 GCs with PM was 57 yrs. 12 patients were male. Diffused and mixed-type accounted for 73%. For 45% of patients, primary tumor was found in gastric body. In tissue samples, recurrent genes were TP53 (63%), CDH1 (50%), RHOA (19%), TGFBR1 (19%), KRAS (13%), and PIK3CA (13%). Private and tumor-derived mutations were found in the AS, AC, and plasma. 95% of (21/22), 82% (18/22), and 77% (17/22) of AS, AC, and plasma samples carried mutations, respectively. AS had more mutations than AC and plasma (Wilcoxon’s matched-pairs signed-ranked test, AS vs AC, p= 0.006; AS vs plasma, p = 0.013). 98% of the AC and 80% plasma mutations were contained in AS, Variant allele frequency (VAF) in AS was higher than others (Mann Whitney test, AS vs AC, p= 0.038; AS vs plasma, p< 0.001). In 22 GCs with PM, 3 were identified with no cancer cells in AS using cytological examination. Of these, 3 were detected with mutations in AS, one with mutations in AC. Mutations were detected in only one negative control AS and AC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed the number of mutations was related to PM (AS: AUC 0.93, 95% CI 0.82-1.00, p< 0.001; AC: AUC 0.85, 95% CI 0.70-1.00, p= 0.001). When the threshold was determined with one mutation, the sensitivity and specificity were 95% and 91% in AS, 82% and 91% in AC, respectively. Conclusions: Peritoneal effusion ctDNA contained tumor-derived and specific mutations. Peritoneal effusion ctDNA can be used for the auxiliary diagnosis of PM.

Physical and Chemical Properties of the Rice Straw Activated Carbon Produced from Carbonization and KOH Activation Processes

In this study, highly porous activated carbon was produced from rice straw by carbonization and followed by activation using potassium hydroxide (KOH). Activated carbon samples were prepared under different activation temperatures, i.e., 650, 750 and 850°C, and their physical and chemical properties were characterized accordingly. The BET surface area of the activated carbon samples was increased from 520 to 1048 m2/g with the increase of activation temperature from 650 to 850°C. These values were much higher than the non-activated rice straw carbon i.e., 1.16 m2/g. The pore sizes of the rice straw activated carbon were found to be mainly in mesopore size range of 2-50 nm. Total carbon content of the AC sample was increased from 8.35% to 31.73% with the increase of activation temperature from 650 to 850°C. XRD and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the graphite properties of the activated carbons produced. SEM images proved high porosity of the AC after KOH activation.

Calcination of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate with Surfactant-assisted Agglomeration - A Non-isothermal Topochemical Approach

It has been shown that precipitated calcium carbonate prepared by surfactant-assisted agglomeration (PCC-SAA) provided higher capacity for the carbon dioxide capture during calcination carbonation cycling as compared to commercially available calcium carbonate. It was also shown previously that the capacity was maintained over multiple cycles while commercially available calcium carbonate significantly lost its capacity. In order to understand the differences in the calcination behaviour of the PCC-SAA sample as compared to the commercially available laboratory-grade calcium carbonate (AC) sample, a non-isothermal topochemical approach was adopted to delineate the various controlling mechanisms for calcination of CaCO3. Activation energies were calculated using iso-conversional methods such as Friedman's method, the KSA method, and the FWO method. In addition, the mechanism was identified at different heating rates by applying the Malek's method and evaluated in some cases using the JMA kinetics. Finally, four mechanisms were used to calculate the pre-exponential (frequency factor). Some key differences such as the initiation temperature, and mechanisms were found between the two samples. Generally, it was found that the differences in the two samples were primarily due to the structural causes. It was observed that the initiation temperature for CaCO3 decomposition, activation energies and mechanisms were a function of the heating rates. D2 or D4 was identified as the controlling mechanisms at lower temperatures for the PCC-SAA sample in contrast to JMA (n > 1) kinetics for the higher heating rates. For the AC sample, 3D diffusion process appears to control the calcination of the AC sample. Keywords: Greenhouse gas, precipitated calcium carbonate, surfactant-assisted agglomeration, calcination kinetics, diffusion, iso-conversional.

Articular cartilage: Chemical, Physical, and Tribological Properties

The cartilage surface was characterized using wettability test fresh and depleted AC samples. In this work, we demonstrated experimentally that the cartilage smart biomaterial at varies pH is sensitive to friction and introduces a novel concept in joint lubrication on charged surfaces.The surface charge density of the articular cartilage surface is related to the amphoteric character of phospholipids, PLs functional groups (-NH3+) and (-PO4-). The maximum surface energy of AC was found to occur at pH for isoelectric point ~4.5 (H3N+(CH2)n PO4- -R1R2) and with a wide range minimum of pH 6.5 to 9.5 of the phospholipidic membrane covering biological pH ~7.4 lubrication condition. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic character of cartilage was determined.

Preparation of two-color photoluminescence emission based on azo dye-layered double hydroxide systems and controlling photoluminescence properties of Allura Red AC

The purpose of the present study was to synthesize types of organic–inorganic hybrid photofunctional materials and also to control their photoluminescence properties. Furthermore, we reported synthesis of a nanohybrid with two-color blue/violet and two-color red/yellow photoluminescence (PL) using the photofunctional anion (Allura Red AC) and Mg–Al-layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets as the basic building blocks. The detailed chemical structure of the obtained composites was characterized by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectra (FT-IR). The results confirmed that Allura Red AC was successfully intercalated into the interlayer space of LDHs and the Allura Red AC–Mg3Al-LDH and Allura Red AC–Zn3Al-LDH hybrids were obtained with interesting photoemission properties. The PL analysis and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) were used to study the photophysical properties. Allura Red AC–LDH systems exhibited a blue shift photo emission compared with the pristine Allura Red AC sample. Furthermore, Allura Red AC–Mg3Al-LDH exhibited superior photoluminous efficiency with a dual-color emission, while Allura Red AC and Allura Red AC–Zn3Al-LDH were one-color systems. Decreased band gap energy of Allura Red AC–LDH which is lower than that of Allura Red AC caused improved conductivity properties. Moreover, it was found from the DRS results that Allura Red AC–LDH could be regarded as the adsorbent electromagnetic wave and as a cover to protect materials against the electromagnetic waves. Therefore, this work provided a facile way for fabricating nanohybrids with two-color PL and controlling photoluminescent properties of the nanohybrids which had potential applications in the area of photoluminescent materials.

Aflatoxin B1 residues in human livers and their relationship with markers of hepatic carcinogenesis in São Paulo, Brazil.

In this study, hepatic biopsies from autopsy cases in São Paulo, Brazil, showing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, n = 8), cirrhosis associated with viral hepatitis (VC, n = 20), cirrhosis associated with alcoholism (AC, n = 20), and normal livers (NL or controls, n = 10) were subjected to determination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and its main metabolites, and of markers of hepatic carcinogenesis Only non-metabolized AFB1 was detected in 13 samples (27.1%, N = 48) of liver disorders (HCC, VC and AC), at levels between 10.0 and 418.0 pg/g (mean: 76.6 ± 107.7 pg/g). Immuno-labeling of p53, cyclin D1, p21, β-catenin, and Prohibitin (PB) increased mainly in HCC patients, in relation to the controls. AFB1+ samples of HCC presented higher expressions of p53, cyclin D1, p21, and β-catenin compared with AFB1-livers. In contrast, p27, p16, and Rb immuno-labeling decreased in HCC, VC, and AC samples, compared with NL, with lowest values in AFB1+ samples for all liver disorders. Compared with NL, gene expression of cyclin D1 and PB in AFB1+ samples of HCC and AC were also higher, along with higher gene expression of p21 in VC and AC AFB1+ livers. Results indicated that patients with liver disorders were exposed to dietary aflatoxins, and that residual AFB1 in liver negatively affected the p53 and protein Rb pathways in HCC. Moreover, the presence of AFB1 in cirrhotic livers warrants concern about the potential contribution of dietary aflatoxin to disease progression during VC and AC.

Hierarchically porous SiO2/C hollow microspheres: a highly efficient adsorbent for Congo Red removal.

Hierarchically porous SiO2/C hollow microspheres (HPSCHMs) were synthesized by a hydrothermal and NaOH-etching combined route. The adsorption performance of the prepared HPSCHMs was investigated to remove Congo Red (CR) in aqueous solution. The results show that the synthesized composite possesses a hollow microspherical structure with hierarchical pores and a diameter of about 100–200 nm, and its surface area is up to 1154 m2 g−1. This material exhibits a remarkable adsorption performance for CR in solution, and its maximum adsorption amount for CR can reach up to 2512 mg g−1. It shows faster adsorption and much higher adsorption capacity than the commercial AC and γ-Al2O3 samples under the same conditions. The studies of the kinetics and thermodynamics indicate that the adsorption of CR on the PHSCHM sample obeys the pseudo-second order model well and belongs to physisorption. The adsorption activation energy is about 7.72 kJ mol−1. In view of the hierarchically meso–macroporous structure, large surface area and pore volume, the HPSCHM material could be a promising adsorbent for removal of pollutants, and it could also be used as a catalyst support.

Equilibrium, Kinetic and Adsorption Mechanisms of Chromium (VI) on Characterized Activated Carbon Synthesized from Phosphoric Acid Activation of Coconut Shells

Over the years, water pollution due primarily to the discharge of toxic heavy metals from industrial activities has served as a major challenge in our quest to provide clean drinking water to millions of people across the world. Numerous cheap and environmentally friendly methods and technologies have been developed for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with heavy metals. Key among these technologies is the use of adsorbent as it is the most economical and efficient. In this present study, coconut shells were used to develop microporous adsorbent (activated carbon) through chemical activation by phosphoric acid (H3PO4). An analysis of the effect of various process parameters such as pH, temperature, initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose and contact time was conducted through batch adsorption of hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] on prepared AC sample. Initial Cr (VI) concentration was investigated through a range of 10 – 50 mg/L with the study showing an optimum concentration for AC of 20 mg/L for percentage removal (93.3%) but adsorption capacity (Qe) was highest for 50 mg/L (4.512 mg/g). The optimum conditions for adsorbent dose, contact time and temperature were determined as 6 g/L, 100 minutes and 30°C respectively for the prepared AC. Maximum adsorption was recorded for pH (2) at 88.2 5% (removal) and 4.41 mg/g (adsorption capacity) for AC. The experimental data obtained were modelled using various isotherms, including adsorption equilibrium isotherms, adsorption kinetic study and adsorption mechanisms with positive correlations (better fit) obtained for Freundlich isotherm, D-R isotherm (slightly), pseudo-second-order kinetic and Boyd models.

Graphene-based carbons as supercapacitor electrodes with bicontinuous, porous polyacrylonitrile

In this study, we fabricated a bicontinuous carbon structure (BCS) with high porosity and a loosely connected framework structure. The role of the BCS is to support a concrete supercapacitor active electrode structure. Poly(acrylonitrile) was used as a precursor for the BCS material, which was a porous polymer monolith carbonized by heat treatment (at 1100 °C). The BCS was prepared by mixing with an active material, graphene or an activated carbon. The mixed materials were used as an electrode material in a supercapacitor. The BCS13 + AC sample (∼107.5 F/g) showed a higher specific capacitance than the commercial activated carbon cell (∼76 F/g). The BCS13 + graphene sample (∼75 F/g) also exhibited a higher specific capacitance than the graphene cell (∼49 F/g). This BCS monolith had many macro- and micropores in its structure, enabling fast electrolyte ion movement and excellent electrochemical performance with a low equivalent series resistance (ESR).

Hepatoprotective activities of Antrodia camphorata and its triterpenoid compounds against CCl4-induced liver injury in mice

Ethnopharmacology relevanceAntrodia camphorata (AC) is a rare and precious fungus indigenous to Taiwan used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of liver injury. Triterpenoids are the major bioactive constituents of A. camphorata and have been reported to possess hepatoprotective activities. To meet the increasing demand, artificial cultivation techniques have been developed. Aim of the studyThis study aims to evaluate the hepatoprotective activities of AC samples derived from different cultivation techniques and to dissect the main active triterpenoid compounds. Materials and methodsThe ethanol extracts of five batches of AC samples, including wild growing fruiting bodies, cutting wood culture fruiting bodies, dish cultures, cutting wood culture mycelia, and submerged fermentation mycelia were orally administered (50mg/kg or 200mg/kg) to ICR mice for 7 days. On the last day, CCl4 (0.2%, 7mL/kg, i.p.) was used to induce liver injury, and the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined 24h after the injection. Moreover, a HepG2 cell model treated with CCl4 (0.35%) was used to screen the protective activities of 29 AC triterpenoids. After incubation for 6h, viabilities of the cells were tested using MTS assay. The in vivo hepatoprotective activities of antcin B and antcin K were further studied on the mice model by ALT and AST tests and histopathologic examinations. To elucidate the mechanisms, the mRNA levels of iNOS, COX2, TNF-α and IL-1β, and the protein levels of NF-κB (p65/p-p65), iNOS and COX2 in liver tissues were determined. ResultsThe wild growing or cutting wood culture fruiting bodies, and the dish cultures of AC showed more potent activities than the mycelia (P<0.001). At 20μM, 16 of 29 triterpenoids showed significant protective activities, increasing HepG2 cell viability from 46% of the CCl4 group to >90%. Antcin B and antcin K could dose-dependently (10 or 50mg/kg, 7 days, i.g.) decrease the serum levels of ALT and AST, and decrease the incidence of liver necrosis. The effects of 50mg/kg of antcin K or antcin B were almost identical to those of 100mg/kg silymarin. Furthermore, qRT-PCR and Western blotting analyses revealed they could down-regulate IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB in liver tissues at both transcriptional and translational levels. ConclusionThe results indicate that cultivation techniques remarkably affect the hepatoprotective activities of AC. Antcin K and antcin B are the major hepatoprotective compounds of A. camphorata, and the mechanism is related with anti-inflammation. Given its high natural abundance and good oral absorption, antcin K could be a promising drug candidate for liver injury.

Research on Key Parameters of Intelligent Substation Merging Unit Test

Merging unit is an important part of the intelligent substation, whose performance is directly related to the safe and reliable operation of the substation intelligent. Therefore, it is needed to test the key parameters before the merging unit is installed to ensure that the merging unit can meet the requirements of the safe and stable operation of the intelligent substation. Aiming at some of the key considered issues in merging unit design, this paper proposed merging unit test performance parameters that should be paid attention to: the AC sampling time synchronization parameters, the switch time synchronization parameters, the output data precision parameters, the time delay parameters. Then this paper puts forward specific scheme design for these problems, which provide more references for the future merging unit testing.

Liquid-like Hydrogen in the Ultra-Micropores of Commercial Activated Carbons

Hydrogen adsorption into porous solid materials has the most interesting prospects for development and improvement due to the absence of activation energy, fast kinetic of adsorption and desorption, reversibility, non-destruction of material structure. Activated carbon (aC), compared to other high specific surface porous materials like zeolites, porous silica, metal organic frameworks (MOF), shows many advantages in view of large scale on-board applications: abundance and low cost of raw precursor (coal, coconut shells, woods, bamboo, cellulose and others materials at high carbon content), ease synthesis, stability and tunable pore structure. Commercial aCs exhibit a microporosity which makes them potential hydrogen sorbents. In this perspective, an important role is covered by the pore morphology as the best adsorption performance is observed on micropore (pore width < 20 Å) and ultra-micropore (pore width < 7 Å). In this work, different standard techniques were performed to characterize the correlation between the structural parameters of aCs, and the hydrogen adsorption. In this regard, hydrogen adsorption isotherms in the range of 77 K up to room temperature were performed. Moreover, for structural and morphological investigation, nitrogen adsorption, enthalpy evaluation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the sample were implemented. In fact, some of these aCs showed large fraction of ultra-microporosity which leads to the very effective hydrogen uptake. Moreover, they showed an interesting phenomenon of hydrogen trapping at 77K. To understand the origin of this phenomenon, further complementary techniques were performed. Probed aC samples show a pore structure ranging from the ultra-micropores up to the mesopore, with distributions varying from mostly microporous to mainly mesoporous. Comparing the pore distribution to the hydrogen adsorption proprieties three different adsorption regimes are found occurring respectively in pores of dimension below 7 Å (narrow pores), between 7 ÷13 Å (useful pores) and above 13 Å (wide pores). Wide pores are important for hydrogen storage at 77 K only when they contribute as the extension of the available surface area. Nevertheless, in view of adsorption ad higher temperatures for technological application, as on-board hydrogen storage, their contribute is negligible because the adsorption enthalpy energies (the average values is 4 ÷ 4.5 kJ/mol) are not strong enough to produce a dense adsorbate film. The effect of the potential overlap is important in narrow and useful pores with a typical dimension below 13 Å. In this case, the exposure to hydrogen molecules leads to adsorption in the pore volumes by micropore filling. Therefore, in this regime, the extension of the pore surface is not determinant as the micropore volume. Hydrogen micropore filling is a general adsorption mechanism as result from the comparison of the values of hydrogen uptake in the pores with typical dimension up to 10 Å. The density of the hydrogen adsorbed by micropore filling at 77 K is estimated in 30 mmol/cm3, which is comparable to the liquid hydrogen density at 17.9 K.

Atypical carcinoid and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung: a proteomic dataset from formalin-fixed archival samples.

Here we present a dataset generated using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded archival samples from two rare lung neuroendocrine tumor subtypes (namely, two atypical carcinoids, ACs, and two large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, LCNECs). Samples were subjected to a shotgun proteomics pipeline, comprising full-length protein extraction, SDS removal through spin columns, in solution trypsin digestion, long gradient liquid chromatography peptide separation and LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry analysis. A total of 1260 and 2436 proteins were identified in the AC and LCNEC samples, respectively, with FDR <1%. MS data are available in the PeptideAtlas repository at http://www.peptideatlas.org/PASS/PASS00375.

Thiol-incorporated activated carbon derived from fir wood sawdust as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of mercury ion: Batch and fixed-bed column studies

The thiol-incorporated activated carbon (AC) was produced from fir wood sawdust by treating it chemically with phosphoric acid at five different impregnation ratios and used as adsorbent for Hg2+ ion in batch and fixed bed systems. The raw material and ACs samples were characterized by means of proximate and ultimate, FTIR, SEM, and BET analyses. The BET surface area of the prepared AC enhanced from 1273m2/g to 1789m2/g along with an increase in the impregnation ratio of H3PO4 from 1 to 1.5g/g and then decreased to1593m2/g. AC-H1.5 and the AC-S (modified AC) samples had the highest (1789m2/g) and lowest surface area (1162m2/g). The effects of various parameters such as contact time, adsorbent dose, pH and initial Hg2+ concentration for the removal of Hg2+ were studied in a batch process. The Hg2+ ion removal efficiency increased by increasing the adsorbent dosage from 0.25 to 2g/L and the pH from 2 to 8. The equilibrium data fitted to the Freundlich, Langmuir and Redlich–Peterson isotherms, but gave a better fit to the Redlich–Peterson model. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of the mercury ion onto the AC-S sample (129mg/g) was more than that onto the AC-H1.5 (107mg/g). The results showed that the adsorption process fitted the pseudo-second-order kinetic models. In a fixed-bed column adsorption, the effects of bed height, flow rate and Hg2+ concentration on the breakthrough curve were investigated, on which the adsorption capacity predicted both by the Yan and Thomas models was found to be satisfactory with that determined by integrating the total area above breakthrough curves. The desorption of AC adsorbent was investigated with several acids (HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 and H3PO4) and bases (KOH, NaOH and NaCO3).