Abstract
The cartilage surface was characterized using wettability test fresh and depleted AC samples. In this work, we demonstrated experimentally that the cartilage smart biomaterial at varies pH is sensitive to friction and introduces a novel concept in joint lubrication on charged surfaces.The surface charge density of the articular cartilage surface is related to the amphoteric character of phospholipids, PLs functional groups (-NH3+) and (-PO4-). The maximum surface energy of AC was found to occur at pH for isoelectric point ~4.5 (H3N+(CH2)n PO4- -R1R2) and with a wide range minimum of pH 6.5 to 9.5 of the phospholipidic membrane covering biological pH ~7.4 lubrication condition. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic character of cartilage was determined.
Highlights
The chemical and physical nature of the biological surfaces is seen in an entirely different light than that of engineering surfaces immersed in water
We examine wettability of bovine cartilage (BC) surface in wet and dry condition and the influence of pH on the surface charge density on friction on surfaces
Biosurface wettability can be measured relative to differences in the charge density of the functional phosphate (–PO4-) groups
Summary
The chemical and physical nature of the biological surfaces is seen in an entirely different light than that of engineering surfaces immersed in water. The articular cartilage (AC) surface charge density is related to the amphoteric character of phospholipids (PLs) since they contain both (-NH3+) and (-PO4-) group.
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