Absorption Window Research Articles

Formulation and evaluation of gastroretentive drug delivery system

Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems (GRDDS) are advanced oral drug delivery technologies designed to extend the residence time of a drug in the stomach, improving the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of drugs absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract or exhibiting localized gastric activity. These systems are especially beneficial for drugs with a narrow absorption window or poor intestinal solubility. GRDDS utilize mechanisms such as floating systems that stay buoyant on gastric fluids, bioadhesive systems that adhere to the stomach lining, swelling systems that expand to prevent premature gastric emptying, and multiparticulate systems offering flexibility in dosage and controlled release. The formulation of GRDDS involves selecting biocompatible polymers and excipients that withstand the acidic gastric environment while releasing the drug in a controlled and sustained manner. These systems can reduce dosing frequency, enhance patient compliance, and provide consistent plasma drug levels, minimizing side effects. GRDDS are particularly valuable in treating chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, gastrointestinal infections, and peptic ulcers. By leveraging innovative designs, GRDDS significantly advance therapeutic outcomes in modern pharmacotherapy.

Exploring a metal/base-free porphyrin involving a carboxyl-functionalized pyridine moiety for photocatalytic N-arylation of benzamide validated using RSM.

A porphyrin comprising a carboxyl-functionalized pyridine moiety was synthesized and characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, powder-XRD, BET, ICP-MS, SEM and EDAX. The proton level (H0 = 1.19) and energy band gap (1.39 eV) were determined via UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The UV-visible and fluorescence emission spectra indicated the absorption window of the porphyrin photocatalyst with a distinct Soret band at 424 nm and four Q-bands at 517, 558, 595, and 649 nm. The existence of four Q-bands, the powder XRD data and the ICP-MS analysis supported the absence of metal in the porphyrin photocatalyst. The best photocatalytic conditions generated using Box-Behnken design of RSM (0.2 mol% PcCFP, 5 W LED, 1 : 1.2 ArX : ArCONH2, 24 h) were confirmed through the model reaction of benzamide and 1-bromo-4-nitrobenzene. The N-arylation of benzamide was achieved in a custom-built photoreactor at ambient conditions under exposure to 5 W LED light. Different ArX compounds comprising electron-repelling and electron-attracting groups were assessed to test the potential of the photocatalyst. The porphyrin was found to exhibit significant catalytic activity for C-N bond formation, resulting in 21-73% yields of the substituted benzanilide products. The N-arylated benzamide formation was confirmed using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HR-MS and SC-XRD. Additionally, heteroaryl halides such as 2-bromo-, 3-bromo-, and 4-bromo-pyridine, as well as 2-chloro-4-methylpyridine, were also found to be compatible and provided admirable yields (28-67%). The stability and heterogeneous nature of the porphyrin photocatalyst were confirmed using FT-IR. The stability of the photocatalyst after the sixth run was demonstrated by the slight decline in the yield of the product from 71 to 67%. The formation of an aryl radical was detected using the scavenger TEMPO, which led to the achievement of N-arylated benzamides containing intermediates of industrial drugs.

A novel levodopa-carbidopa three-layer gastroretentive tablet for improving levodopa pharmacokinetics.

The narrow absorption window of levodopa and the significant impact of peripheral decarboxylase are the most limiting factors in maintaining prolonged and smooth plasma concentration in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, this study aims to design a novel gastroretentive carbidopa-levodopa three-layer tablet, which consists of an expansion layer, an immediate-release layer, and a sustained-release layer. The expansion layer rapidly expanded with sufficient structural strength and stayed in the beagle's stomach for more than 10 h, delineating excellent gastric retention effects. The immediate-release layer quickly released the drug and the sustained-release layer maintained a stable drug concentration. Importantly, pharmacokinetic data obtained under fed conditions demonstrated that the duration of efficacy of the three-layer tablets was significantly superior to that of the commercially available product Sinemet® CR, with effective levodopa blood levels remaining for up to 12 h. This is expected to offer more convenient clinical medication options for patients with PD.

Development of Novel Oral Delivery Systems Using Additive Manufacturing Technologies to Overcome Biopharmaceutical Challenges for Future Targeted Drug Delivery.

Background/Objectives: The development of targeted drug delivery systems for active pharmaceutical ingredients with narrow absorption windows is crucial for improving their bioavailability. This study proposes a novel 3D-printed expandable drug delivery system designed to precisely administer drugs to the upper small intestine, where absorption is most efficient. The aim was to design, prototype, and evaluate the system's functionality for organ retention and targeted drug release. Methods: The system was created using 3D printing technologies, specifically FDM and SLA, with materials such as PLA and HPMC. The device was composed of matrices and springs, with different spring geometries (diameter, coil number, and cross-sectional shape) being tested for strength and flexibility. A gastro-resistant string was used to maintain the device in a compact configuration until it reached the neutral pH environment of the small intestine, where the string dissolved. The mechanical performance of the springs was evaluated using a texture analyzer, and the ability of the system to expand upon pH change was tested in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Results: The results demonstrated that the system remained in the space-saving configuration for two hours under acidic conditions. Upon a pH change to 6.8, the system expanded as expected, with opening times of 5.5 ± 1.2 min for smaller springs and 2.5 ± 0.3 min for larger springs. The device was able to regain its expanded state, suggesting its potential for controlled drug release in the small intestine. Conclusions: This prototype represents a promising approach for targeted drug delivery to the upper small intestine, offering a potential alternative for drugs with narrow absorption windows. While the results are promising, further in vivo studies are necessary to assess the system's clinical potential and mechanical stability in real gastrointestinal conditions.

Peer to Peer (P2P) IR Optical Communication used for Underwater or Open Air Medium

Although the hydrosphere protects most of the world, scientists and researchers from all over the world think that the world is underwater because it is difficult to know the concept of underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) has recently received a lot of attention is not new , seawater's reduced blue-green light absorption window has rekindled interest in it recently, but the security issues surrounding it have received little attention. In this paper, we show how messages sent using UWOCs can be heard without the intention of the sender or receiver, using diffraction collision. This is attributed to its high data exchange capacity and low cost. Therefore, we organize this review around various aspects of the Underwater Optical Remote Switching (UOWC) field; here we introduce the main communication techniques and present their shortcomings and merits. Underwater optical wireless communications can support higher data rates with lower latency than their acoustic and RF counterparts. We also show for the first time that UWOC is possible even in the ultra-saline Dead Sea by analyzing how many Gaussian beams propagate through the water. We will review the connections and project plans and present a summary of the most prominent works from 1992 to the present. The paper is focused on those who need to embrace and concentrate on UOWC. [2] It ours an outline of the ongoing innovations and those possibly accessible soon. Specific consideration has been given to obring a new reference index, particularly on the utilization of single-photon collectors. We measure how far away the receiver can hear the message. Many theoretical studies and experiments focus on achieving effective communication strategies. This is important for optimization, military and security purposes, and for the management of maritime assets. Underwater communication technology, which uses acoustic or electromagnetic waves (in the radio frequency spectrum or light spectrum), has made great progress with the use of telephones and wireless. Although acoustic communication accepts long-distance communication, its low data rate, high speed, and negative effects on sea air have made people aware of communication based on electric waves. Electromagnetic waves provide high data and high speed communication. Also, the turbidity of the water does not affect underwater RF communication, air and water exchange. [2] However, they are very expensive. Surprisingly, none of the above methods can match the performance of wireless communication in the spectrum. We also examine the most important moments affecting light propagation and consider them together with coding techniques.

Gastroretentive Swellable and Floating Systems: An Innovative and Promising Strategy for Drug Delivery-A Comprehensive Review

Gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDs) have emerged as an innovative and promising approach for enhancing the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of drugs with narrow absorption windows in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Among various GRDDs, swellable and floating systems have garnered significant attention due to their ability to prolong gastric residence time, improve drug dissolution, and facilitate sustained drug release (SDR). This comprehensive review provides a detailed exploration of the principles, mechanisms, and advancements in swellable and floating Gastroretentive systems. The key strategies, such as the use of hydrophilic polymers, gas-generating agents, and superporous hydrogels, are discussed. These systems offer benefits in treating conditions like peptic ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and infections, where prolonged localized drug action is desirable. A critical assessment of recent preclinical and clinical studies highlights the therapeutic potential of GRDDs in optimizing drug delivery for poorly soluble drugs and drugs with short half-lives. Challenges such as variability in gastric retention, potential toxicity of excipients, and patient-specific factors are also examined. It includes the outlining future trends in GRDDs, focusing on the incorporation of nanotechnology, 3D printing, and biocompatible materials to overcome existing limitations and further enhance therapeutic outcomes. This highlight of review article is initially introduction of GRDDs and their significance, mechanism and their classification of GRDDs, intermediately describe brief on swelling and floating GRDDs system with their application, lastly it describes the recent advances in patent, clinical trials and marketed products for GRDDs swellable and floating system. Keywords: Drug delivery; GRDDs; floating; swellable; gastroretentive; system; advance approach

Evaporation-induced self-assembly Al doped black TiO2 for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride under visible light

Light absorption range, recycling stability and charge transfer efficiency are key to the performance of photocatalytic material. Based on these targets, a Al doped TiO2 catalyst was synthesized by the evaporation-induced process, after processed by NaBH4 reduction, the black TiO2 doped with Al was finally prepared. Uv-vis DRS, EPR and XPS analyses confirm the expanded light absorption window (300 nm - 1000 nm) and the introduction of abundant oxygen vacancy after the reduction process. The final product BTiO2/Al-0.5 has a degradation rate of about 84 % over the tetracycline hydrochloride within 60 minutes, the reaction rate constant (k) is 10.6 times higher than the unreduced sample. The dramatic change of photocatalytic ability can be assigned to the broadened visible light absorption, increased charge separation efficiency, narrowed band gap and defect-enriched oxygen vacancy. This work offers insights into the fabrication of TiO2 catalyst and the introduction of oxygen defect.

An Updated Overview of Gastro-retentive Floating Drug Delivery Systems: Formulation Strategies and Application

Gastro-retentive floating drug delivery systems (GRFDDS) have emerged as a significant advancement in enhancing the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of various medications. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of recent innovations in GRFDDS, highlighting their formulation strategies, mechanisms of buoyancy, and various applications in drug delivery. The role of various polymeric materials, gas-forming agents, and optimization techniques is discussed which are generally employed to develop effective floating systems. Additionally, keen insight is brought on applications of GRFDDS in treating gastrointestinal disorders, enhancing the pharmacokinetics of drugs with narrow absorption windows, and their potential in controlled-release formulations. In this review, authors compiled the recent reported literatures about the gastro-retentive floating drug delivery systems since 2015 to underline the effectiveness and safety profiles of these systems. This review aims to consolidate current knowledge and inspire future research directions in the development of GRFDDS for improved patient outcomes. Keywords: Floating; Gastro-retentive; drug delivery; HPMC; Effervescent

Non-degenerate two-photon imaging of deep rodent cortex using indocyanine green in the water absorption window.

We present a novel approach for deep vascular imaging in rodent cortex at excitation wavelengths susceptible to water absorption using two-photon microscopy with photons of dissimilar wavelengths. We demonstrate that non-degenerate two-photon excitation (ND-2PE) enables imaging in the water absorption window from 1400-1550 nm using two excitation sources with temporally overlapped pulses at 1300 nm and 1600 nm that straddle the absorption window. We explore the brightness spectra of indocyanine green (ICG) and assess its suitability for imaging in the water absorption window. Further, we demonstrate in vivo imaging of the rodent cortex vascular structure up to 1.2 mm using ND-2PE. Lastly, a comparative analysis of ND-2PE at 1435 nm and single-wavelength, two-photon imaging at 1300 nm and 1435 nm is presented. Our work extends the excitation range for fluorescent dyes to include water absorption regimes and underscores the feasibility of deep two-photon imaging at these wavelengths.

Enhanced visible light harvesting in dye-sensitized solar cells through incorporation of solution-processable silver plasmons and anthracite-derived graphene quantum dots

The major setback for the enhanced performance of DSSC is the narrow absorption window and the interfacial exciton recombination. Therefore, in this work, the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells has been improved by the synergistic effect of anthracite-derived graphene quantum dots and silver plasmons. GQD and Ag coupled photoanodes were fabricated by a facile solution processable process under room temperature. The as-fabricated DSSC TiO2/Ag/GQD (TAG) exhibited an enhanced power conversion efficiency of 10.5 % with a current density of 22.40 mAcm−2 measured under solar irradiation of 100 mWcm−2 with AM 1.5G. An enhancement surpassing 30.5 % was obtained for the champion cell when compared to the pristine TiO2 based DSSC. Furthermore, this study emphasizes developing a cutting-edge approach for the high-quality use of fossil fuel-derived graphene quantum dots in energy conversion systems, thereby encouraging the green conversion of fossil fuels and broadening the potential of anthracite coal's utilization in energy conversion applications.

To Formulate and Evaluate the Metformin Hydrochloride Floating Tablet

The aim of the research was to create a gastro retentive system for prolonged release of metformin HCl in the proximal part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in the form of an oral floating tablet. Metformin HCl is an antidiabetic biguanide with poor bioavailability and an absorption window in the upper GIT. Floating tablets were prepared using a wet granulation method containing the natural polymers guar gum and kcarrageenan and the synthetic polymer HPMC K100 (HPMC) either alone or in combination. Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid were used as gas generators. Floating tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness and friability, drug content, swelling index, in vitro buoyancy and in vitro drug release. The formulation is optimized based on buoyancy, matrix integrity and in vitro drug release in simulated gastric fluid at pH 1.2. A formulation formulated with a combination of 6 wt. % k-carrageenan and 11 wt. % guar gum showed good gel strength, stable and continuous buoyancy for 12 hours, minimal buoyancy delay of 58 seconds, and good matrix integrity during dissolution period. The drug release of the optimized formulation followed the Korsmeyer- Peppas model and the mechanism was non-Fickian/divergent. PXRD and DSC studies showed partial amorphization of the drug. The mechanism of drug release appeared to be a diffusion mechanism. Stability studies have shown that the drug does not degrade when stored for 3 months at 40˚C.

Terpyridyl-Imidazole Based Ligand Coordinated to Ln(Hexafluoroacetyl acetonate)3 Core: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, Luminescence Properties, and Thermosensing Behaviors in Solution and PMMA Film.

A new array of ternary lanthanide complexes of the form [Ln(hfa)3(tpy-HImzphen)] have been synthesized and thoroughly characterized wherein Ln = LaIII (1), EuIII (2), SmIII (3), and TbIII (4); hfa = hexafluoroacetylacetonate; and tpy-HImzphen = 2-(4-[2,2':6',2″]terpyridin-4'-yl-phenyl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole. Incorporation of tpy-HImzphen onto the Ln-hfa moiety induced a bathochromic shift of the absorption window of the complexes into the visible region. Extensive investigations of the luminescence characteristics have been conducted both at RT and at 77 K to understand the deactivation pathways of the complexes. Both steady-state and time-resolved emission spectral behaviors indicate four distinctive behaviors upon incorporation of tpy-HImzphen onto the lanthanide core, viz., a huge red-shift of the ligand-centered peak for LaIII; almost complete energy transfer for EuIII; very little energy transfer for SmIII, while reverse energy transfer in the case of TbIII. In addition, the EuIII-complex exhibits its excellence in luminescence thermometry in the solution state as well as in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thin films. The thermosensitive luminescence response in solution was further utilized to mimic set-reset flip-flop logic operation. A plausible energy transfer scheme has been devised to explain dissimilar luminescence behaviors in the complexes. The role of LMCT was also considered for the observed thermosensing property of the Eu(III) complex.

Expanding the Manufacturing Approaches for Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems with 3D Printing Technology.

Gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDSs) have gained substantial attention in the last 20 years due to their ability to retain the drug in the stomach for an extended time, thus promoting an extended release and high bioavailability for a broad range of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) that are pH-sensitive and/or have a narrow absorption window. The currently existing GRDDSs include floating, expanding, mucoadhesive, magnetic, raft-forming, ion-exchanging, and high-density systems. Although there are seven types of systems, the main focus is on floating, expanding, and mucoadhesive systems produced by various techniques, 3D printing being one of the most revolutionary and currently studied ones. This review assesses the newest production technologies and briefly describes the in vitro and in vivo evaluation methods, with the aim of providing a better overall understanding of GRDDSs as a novel emerging strategy for targeted drug delivery.

Diltiazem Hydrochloride Floating Matrix Tablet: Formulation and in vitro-in vivo Evaluation.

Diltiazem hydrochloride is a calcium channel-blocker with a plasma elimination half-life of 4.4 ± 1.3 h and has a narrow absorption window. So, this work aimed to prepare a gastro-retentive floating matrix tablet. The direct compression method was used to manufacture tablets. 32 factorial design was applied for optimization, taking Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose K100M (HPMC K 100M) and the amount of sodium bicarbonate as independent factors and cumulative percentage release at 1 h, at 6 h, and at 12 h and floating lag time as dependent variables. The high amount of HPMC K100M and sodium bicarbonate shows good results. The optimized preparation was evaluated for differential scanning calorimetry, in-vivo gastric retention in male albino rabbits, kinetic modeling, and stability study. An in vivo study revealed gastric retention of tablets up to 6 h in healthy male Albino rabbits. The stability study indicated no significant change in the buoyancy and release profiles of the drug. From this study, it can be concluded that the gastro-retentive diltiazem hydrochloride floating matrix tablet was successfully prepared and retained inside the rabbit stomach for up to 6 h and was stable under accelerated stability study.

Triple band diamond-shaped polarization insensitive plasmonic nano emitter for thermal camouflage and radiative cooling

This study proposes the design of a novel Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) nano-infrared emitter that uses a unique diamond-shaped grating to achieve selective infrared absorption. Diamond-shaped nano emitter (DNE) structure exhibits four narrow resonant peaks within key absorption windows such as short-wave infrared (SWIR) mid-wave infrared (MWIR), alongside with a wide absorption band in the Non-Transmissive Infrared Range (NTIR) for thermal camouflage applications compatible with radiative cooling. Moreover, the proposed DNE is polarization insensitive as it has an in-plane symmetric design. Using the 3D Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulations, we demonstrate the nanoantenna’s superior performance characterized by its high absorption rates and tuned effective impedance matching. As of our knowledge, the findings suggest that this is the first time that a MIM structure achieved multiple narrow resonance peaks, located in SWIR and MWIR simultaneously, with a wide absorption range in NTIR. Represented DNE stands as a significant innovation in the field of stealth technology, providing a tunable, high-efficiency solution for managing and controlling thermal emissions across diverse applications.

Ternary Polymer Solar Cells: Impact of Non-Fullerene Acceptors on Optical and Morphological Properties

Ternary organic solar cells contain a single three-component photoactive layer with a wide absorption window, achieved without the need for multiple stacking. However, adding a third component into a well-known binary blend can influence the energetics, optical window, charge carrier transport, crystalline order and conversion efficiency. In the form of binary blends, the low-bandgap regioregular polymer donor poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl), known as P3HT, is combined with the acceptor PC61BM, an inexpensive fullerene derivative. Two different non-fullerene acceptors (ITIC and eh-IDTBR) are added to this binary blend to form ternary blends. A systematic comparison between binary and ternary systems was carried out as a function of the thermal annealing temperature of organic layers (100 °C and 140 °C). The power conversion efficiency (PCE) is improved due to increased fill factor (FF) and open-circuit voltage (Voc) for thermal-annealed ternary blends at 140 °C. The transport properties of electrons and holes were investigated in binary and ternary blends following a Space-Charge-Limited Current (SCLC) protocol. A favorable balanced hole–electron mobility is obtained through the incorporation of either ITIC or eh-IDTBR. The charge transport behavior is correlated with the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) morphology deduced from atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact water angle (CWA) measurement and 2D grazing-incidence X-ray diffractometry (2D-GIXRD).

Formulation and Evaluation of Microspheres Containing Mefenamic Acid by Inotropic Gelation Method

Drugs with a narrow absorption window in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) will have poor absorption. For these drugs, gastro retentive drug delivery system offers the advantage in prolonging the gastric emptying time. Losartan potassium is prescribed to treat hypertension. The current study was projected to prepare a Losartan potassium gastro retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) of floating tablets was planned to enhance the gastric residence time, thus prolong the drug release. Losartan potassium effervescent floating tablets were prepared by utilizing the direct impression method, using polymers such as HPMCk15, xanthan gum, microcrystalline cellulose, and Sodium carbonate, with lubricants such as magnesium stearate and talc. In the present study, sodium bicarbonate was incorporated as a gas generating agent. And combination of sodium bicarbonate and citric acid was found to achieve optimum in vitro buoyancy. Total eight formulations were designed and evaluated for pre-compression parameters known as angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Hausner's ratio, compressibility index, and post -compression parameters are uniformity of weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, floating lag time, and in vitro dissolution investigation and FTIR along with DSC is carried out

Physio-chemical and biological Characterizations of 4 Bromo – 4'Chloro Benzylidene Aniline μ-crystals for Engineering Utilities

4 Bromo—4’Chloro Benzylidene Aniline - as per suggestion it is named as 4B4CBA; Schiff based organic material has been synthesized and successfully grown by slow solvent evaporation technique. The orthorhombic crystal system of the grown crystal with space group Pccn is confirmed and cell parameters of the grown crystal of 4B4CBA is found by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The forming of the C-Cl and C-Br stretching vibrations at 719 cm−1 and 538 cm−1 in Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) study reveal the confirmation of 4B4CBA compound. The CHNSO analysis shows the presence of element in the 4B4CBA. The lower cutoff wavelength and wide optical absorption window of 4B4CBA exhibit the suitability of the present material for the projective opto-electronic applications. Nonlinear optical efficiency for different micro-crystalline of 4B4CBA is determined by second harmonic generation (SHG) experiment and is also compared with Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate - KDP material. The electrical studies confirm that the 4B4CBA crystal possess low dielectric constant values at high frequency region. The experiment of photo-conductivity confirms the nature of the photo-conductivity of 4B4CBA crystal. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis reveals the morphology of 4B4CBA crystal.

Promoting nitrogen photofixation for the synthesis of ammonia using oxygen-vacant Fe2O3/ZrO2 visible light photocatalyst with straddling heterojunction and enhanced charge transfer

Photocatalytic nitrogen (N2) fixation is a promising and environmentally friendly alternative approach to the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process to produce green ammonia (NH3) with zero carbon emissions. However, the unique setbacks rest on developing an active photocatalyst with an accelerated charge transfer that could efficiently adsorb and activate the chemically inert N2 into useful NH3. Herein, an oxygen-vacant Fe2O3/ZrO2 photocatalyst with straddling heterojunction was successfully synthesised by the hydrothermal method followed by calcination at 450 °C. The addition of oxygen vacancy-inducing ferromagnetic material on ZrO2 increased the adsorption and activation of N2, broadened the solar absorption window (680 nm extending to 910 nm). It also accelerated light-induced charge separation of the photocatalyst thereby greatly enhancing the production of NH3 (1.301 mmol h−1 g−1) with about a 7-fold increase in comparison to ZrO2 at ambient conditions under sunlight irradiation. This work therefore sheds light on the effect of oxygen vacancies and the flow of charge carriers in the effective photofixation of N2 to NH3 synthesis through a sustainable route.

Formulation & In Vitro Evaluation of Effect of Polymer in Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery System Using Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride as A Model Drug

Gastro-retentive dosage form offer many advantages having absorption from upper gastrointestinal tract and improve the bioavailability of medications that are characterized by a narrow absorption window. A new gastro-retentive floating drug delivery system was developed for ciprofloxacin preferably once daily. The design of the delivery system was based on the sustained release formulation with floating and swelling features in order to prolong the gastric retention time of the drug delivery system. Final formulations were prepared and optimized by Box-Behnken design by using HPMC K100M and Carbopol 934 as a polymers and sodium bicarbonate as a gas generating agent. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation method. The prepared formulations were evaluated for hardness, weight variations, thickness, swelling index, in-vitro buoyancy, drug content and drug release study. The effect of polymer (HPMC K100M and Carbopol 934) concentration on drug release profile and swelling index was evaluated. The in-vitro dissolution study showed that the drug release profile could be sustained by increasing the concentration of polymers (HPMC K100M and Carbopol 934). Result of swelling index showed that increasing the concentration of polymers, increases the swelling index of tablet. The optimized formulations containing 12.36 % of HPMC K100M, 7.47 % of Carbopol 934 and 18.66% of Sodium bicarbonate with citric acid in the ratio of 2:1 sustained the drug release upto 12 hours, following Higuchi model of drug release and drug release mechanism was non-fickian diffusion. This study proves that using HPMC K100M and Carbopol 934 as a matrix polymer in combination with Sodium Bicarbonate as a gas generating agent can be used to develop sustained release floating tablets of Ciprofloxacin.