Absorption Window Research Articles

Floating Osmotic Drug Delivery System: A Review

Floating Osmotic Drug Delivery System (FODDS) is a controlled oral drug delivery system which comes under the category of Gastroretentive Drug Delivery (GRDDS). It is based upon the osmotically controlled release mechanism which offers a sustained therapeutic action while reducing the side effects. Various drugs with a shorter half-life and a small absorption window get highly benefited By FODDS. FODDS also finds a unique place among the other GRDDS by surpassing their performance. FODDS incorporates a variety of ingredients such as osmotic agents, semi permeable substance, gas generating Agent and a gel forming agent. The preparation of the system involves techniques like direct compression and coating process. Characterisation studies like in-vitro dissolution study, in-vivo radiological study and pharmacokinetic study were adapted for evaluation of FODDS. Many studies have been carried out to illustrate the efficiency of the FODDS in overcoming the drawbacks such as poor bioavailability, drug wastage etc. Active agents derived from the field of pharmacognosy have also been benefited by FODDS since they prevent the enzymatic degradation of the active agents and and improve their bioavailability. FODDS also provides a robust pharmacokinetic profile with both in-vitro and in-vivo drug release rate which results in excellent in-vitro/in-vivo correlation due to its controlled release mechanism. This review is primarily focused on providing an overall insight into FODDS while giving detailed information regarding its design, development, mechanism, characterisation and a precise overview of various studies carried out using FODDS.

Dynamically tunable plasmon-induced absorption in Dirac semimetal waveguide

We propose a waveguide system based on the bulk Dirac semimetals material to achieve plasmon-induced absorption (PIA). Numerical results were verified by classical three-level system theory. The absorption window is attributed to the extreme destructive interference of the bright and dark modes. The dynamic controllability of the absorption window modulation ratio is achieved by adjusting the Fermi level. In addition, the plasmonic system is extremely sensitive to environmental refractive indices. In this way, the structure makes the absorption window not only vertically controllable, but also horizontally adjustable. Simultaneously, the group time delay of the PIA window can reach −57.2 ps, which is more advantageous for ultra-fast light devices. Finally, by studying the two-channel PIA waveguide system, more excellent design platforms are provided for optical transmission for practical multi-functional highly integrated plasmonic components.

Highly efficient inverted ternary organic solar cells with polymer fullerene-free acceptor as a third component material

Ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) are fabricate using a single wide-bandgap poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b0]dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(10,30-di-2-thienyl-50,70-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[10,20-c:40,50-c0]dithiophene-4,8-dione))] (PBDB-T) as the donor material and 3,9-bis (2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone)-5,5,11,11-tetrakis (4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2′, 3′-d′]-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b’]dithiophene) (ITIC) as the acceptor and poly[[N,N′-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-(3,3′-difluoro-2,2′-bithiophene)-5,5′-diyl] (FN2200) as third component materials. Due to the strong absorption ability at the short-wavelength region. The best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.9% is achieve for the OSCs via incorporating 10 wt% FN2200 in blend-acceptor materials, with an enhance the short-circuit current (JSC) of 17.6 mA cm−2, fill factor (FF) of 68.0% and stable open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.91 V relative to binary OSCs. The short-wavelength absorption windows of FN2200 is favourable the harvesting of as many as possible photons and the enhance exciton dissociation ratio at the ITIC/FN2200 interface due to the deeper LUMO energy level of FN2200 relative to ITIC molecule. Meanwhile, the incorporation small amount of FN2200 is weaken monomolecular recombination and bimolecular recombination under open-circuit and short-circuit conditions respectively and enhance the charge carrier mobility. The use of PBDB-T as donor and the blend of ITIC and FN2200 as an electron acceptor provides a useful strategy for exploring high-performance ternary OSCs.

Floating drug delivery system of itraconazole: Formulation, in vitro and in vivo studies

A multiple unit oral floating drug delivery system of itraconazole was developed to prolong gastric residence time, target stomach mucosa and increase drug bioavailability. To prepare non-effervescent floating microspheres/beads, ionotropic gelation method was used. Since the solubility of itraconazole is low at pH 1.2, it was attempted to increase the solubility by preparing inclusion complexes using randomly methylated beta-cyclodextrin and with polyvinylpyrrolidone cross linked and starch. In this study, the effects of formulation parameters like, concentration and types of polymer, crosslinking agent and the excipients, the floating ability, surface characteristics and drug release profiles were investigated. Optimum formulation (NG17) was used for Caco-2 cell culture studies. In permeability studies, at pH 5, 6 and 7.4, the formulation NG17 at pH 5, which is the pH of the proximal region of small intestine (absorption window of itraconazole), showed the highest permeability value which is 5.88 × 10−6 cm/s. NG17 was also used for in vivo imaging studies. It was conducted in rabbits by using gamma scintigraphy and obtained that NG17 floated for 6.5 h in the stomach. As a result, it was found that, with non-effervescent floating bead formulations, the bioavailability of itraconazole can be improved.

Estimation of phytoplankton taxonomic groups in the Arctic Ocean using phytoplankton absorption properties: implication for ocean-color remote sensing.

Knowledge on the phenology and distribution of phytoplankton taxonomic groups (PTGs) represent valuable information when studying marine ecosystem, especially in the Arctic Ocean where rapid warming has drastic effects on sea-ice dynamics, which affect the marine food web. Taxonomic groups of phytoplankton can be discriminated based on their pigment signatures, which, in turn, impact their absorption spectra, given that different pigments have different absorption windows in the visible. Using concurrent measurements of phytoplankton diagnostic pigments and absorption spectra (aph) collected in the Bering and Chukchi Seas, a novel and direct approach was designed for simultaneously estimating the biomass concentrations of several PTGs (Ci) as well as their specific absorption coefficient. The chemotaxonomic tool CHEMTAX was applied to twelve diagnostic pigments measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Their results revealed that the phytoplankton community composition was made of nine groups, from which six dominant were identified: diatoms, dinoflagellates, c3-flagellate, haptophytes type 7, two types of prasinophytes. Out of 117 samples, twenty pairs of Ci derived by CHEMTAX and measured aph were randomly selected and used in a linear unmixing model to extract the specific absorption spectral of each group. This step was repeated 1000 times to provide the mean specific absorption of a given phytoplankton group. These specific absorption spectra were used to reconstruct total aph, which was consistent with the measured aph (R2 from 0.8 to 0.95) at all visible wavelengths (400-700 nm). The derived specific absorption spectra were further used with the measured aph(λ) at ten Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) wavebands in a linear unmixing model to test the ability to retrieve the concentrations of PTGs from satellite remote sensing. A comparison between estimated and measured Ci showed that the approach used in this study performed best when retrieving five groups (i.e., dinoflagellates, c3-flagellate, haptophytes, two types of prasinophytes) from the nine initially identified using CHEMTAX with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) <35%, except for diatoms with a MAPE value of about 45%. Our approach provides a practical basis for estimation of PTGs using aph(λ) derived from satellite observations and field measurements.

Quaternary indoor organic photovoltaic device demonstrating panchromatic absorption and power conversion efficiency of 10%

Recently, while increasing research has been focused toward improving the efficiency of various photovoltaic devices under low light intensities, few studies have reported on multi-donor-, multi-acceptor-based bulk heterojunctions (BHJ). In this study, we have demonstrated the utilization of a quaternary BHJ for indoor light energy harvesting applications. We utilized a PCDTBT:PTB7:PC61BM:PC71BM-based BHJ structure in order to improve the morphology, absorption window, and the charge transport properties of the photovoltaic device. The ability of ternary photovoltaics to attain high power-conversion efficiency (PCE) by improving the morphology and the charge transport properties had already been validated in another study. We show that the advantages of a stable quaternary solar cell can also be achieved with an optimized BHJ composition ratio of 5:5:3:12, which provides a PCE of 10.6%. Our device showed high shunt resistance and low series resistance, thus facilitating appreciable charge extraction even under low-intensity light conditions such as 500 lx white LED illumination.

OVERVIEW ON FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

The principal objective behind the writing of this article on the floating drug delivery system (FDDS) was to systematize the recent literature with the core process of floatation in acquiring gastric retention. The different strategies used in the development of FDDS by constructing the effervescent and noneffervescent type of floating tablets basis of which is buoyancy mechanism. FDDS is a method to deliver the drugs that are active locally with a narrow absorption window in the upper gastrointestinal tract, unstable in the lower intestinal environment, and possess low solubility with higher pH values. The novel methodologies in FDDS include approaches to design a single unit and multiple-unit floating systems, the physiological and formulation variability affecting gastric retention along with the use of recently invented and developed polymers. This review also focuses on various in vitro techniques and in vivo studies in view of performance and application of floating systems. Floating dosage forms can be delivered in conventional forms like tablets, capsules with the addition of suitable ingredients along with the gas generating agent. This review also throws light on different techniques used in developing floating dosage forms along with current and novel advancements.

Formulation and evaluation of polymeric nanoparticles of an antihypetensive drug for gastroretention

The aim of present study was to formulate and evaluate nanoparticles of carvedilol by using different hydrophilic polymers. Carvedilol was selected as a suitable drug for gastro- retentive nanoparticles due to its short half life, low bioavailability, high frequency of administration, and narrow absorption window in stomach and upper part of GIT. The nano-precipitation method was used to prepare nanoparticles so as to avoid both chlorinated solvents and surfactants to prevent their toxic effect on the body. Nanoparticles of carvedilol were prepared by using hydrophilic polymers such as HPMC K100M, chitosan, and gelatin. The prepared formulations were then characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, loading efficiency, encapsulation efficiency and drug-excipient compatibility. The prepared nanoparticulate formulations of carvedilol with different polymers in 1:1 ratio have shown particle size in the range of 250.12-743.07 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) in the range of 0.681-1.0, zeta potential in the range of -14.2 to +33.2 mV, loading efficiency in the range of 8.74-17.54%, and entrapment efficiency in the range of 55.7%-74.2%. Nanoparticulate formulation prepared with chitosan in 1:1 ratio showed satisfactory results i.e. average particle size 312.04 nm, polydispersity index 0.681, zeta potential 33.2 mV, loading efficiency 17.54%, and entrapment efficiency 73.4%. FTIR study concluded that no major interaction occurred between the drug and polymers used in the present study.&#x0D; Keywords: Nanoparticles; gastro-retentive; nano-precipitation, polydispersity index, zeta potential; entrapment efficiency.

Effect of N719 Dye Dipping Temperature on the Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell

Preparation parameter of dye plays important role in determining DSSC performance. This paper reports the influence of N719 dye dipping temperature on the optical properties and performance parameters of the DSSC utilizing TiO2 films prepared via microwave technique. The TiO2 coated N719 dye films were prepared at various temperatures, namely, 30, 50, 60, 70 and 80°C. It is found that the TiO2 film dipped into N719 dye solution at 50°C possesses the broadest optical absorption window and the highest dye loading. It is also found that the dye dipping temperature does not affect the leak current in the device. The short-circuit current density (JSC) and power conversion efficiency (η) are strongly influenced by the dipping temperature. The DSSC utilizing the sample prepared at 50°C demonstrated the highest JSC and η of 4.06 mA cm–2 and 1.36%, respectively due to highest dye loading and recombination resistance.

Double optomechanically induced transparency and absorption in parity-time-symmetric optomechanical systems

We explore the optomechanically induced transparency (OMIT) in a parity-time-symmetric ($\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric) optomechanical system (OMS) in which the mechanical oscillator is coupled to another one via the Coulomb interaction. Calculating the transmission rate of the probe field, we find that double optomechanically induced absorption (OMIA) can be observed by modulating the Coulomb coupling strength with zero gain rate of the active cavity. The absorption window for the system in the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetry-broken phase is deeper than that in other phases due to the strong field localization. When the gain rate is not zero, the output field of the system exhibits double inverted OMIT. Both splits of the double OMIA and double OMIT depend linearly on the strength of the Coulomb interaction. The inverted OMIT can also be changed into an absorption window and the system can achieve perfect absorption by modulating the Coulomb coupling strength. The transmission light at the double inverted OMIT is always fast light and the transmission light at $\ensuremath{\delta}={\ensuremath{\omega}}_{m}$ is always of slow light, independent of the phase the system in (the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetry phase or the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetry-broken phase). The absolute value of the group delay at $\ensuremath{\delta}={\ensuremath{\omega}}_{m}$ can be manipulated by controlling the strength of the Coulomb interaction. These observations provide us with a tool to control light propagation which might have potential application in quantum optical devices and quantum information networks.

Design and optimization of gastric floating sustained-release mini-tablets of alfuzosin hydrochloride based on a factorial design: in vitro/in vivo evaluation

The purpose of this research was to develop multiple-unit gastric floating mini-tablets and to evaluate the possibility of using these mini-tablets as a delivery system to improve the drug absorption for drugs with a narrow absorption window. Mini-tablets were prepared using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K100M) and carbopol 971P as release retarding agents and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as gas-forming agent. The properties of the prepared mini-tablets in terms of floating characteristic parameters and in vitro release were evaluated. Furthermore, in vivo gastric retention study in rats and in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rabbits of the optimized formulation were performed. The optimized mini-tablets containing 45% HPMC K100M, 15% stearyl alcohol, 13% carbopol 971P, and 12% NaHCO3 were found to float immediately within 1 min and duration more than 9 h. The in vivo gastric retention study results indicated that the mini-tablets could retain in the stomach for more than 6.67 h. Furthermore, the AUC0−t of the floating mini-tablets (6849.83 ± 753.80 h ng·mL−1) was significantly higher than that of marketed sustained-release tablets XATRAL®XL (4970.16 ± 924.60 h ng·mL−1). All these results illustrated that the gastric floating mini-tablets might be a promising drug delivery system for drugs with a narrow absorption window.

A Novel Protocol Using Small-Scale Spray-Drying for the Efficient Screening of Solid Dispersions in Early Drug Development and Formulation, as a Straight Pathway from Screening to Manufacturing Stages.

This work describes a novel screening strategy that implements small-scale spray-drying in early development of binary amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). The proposed methodology consists of a three-stage decision protocol in which small batches (20–100 mg) of spray-dried solid dispersions (SDSDs) are evaluated in terms of drug–polymer miscibility, physical stability and dissolution performance in bio-predictive conditions. The objectives are to select the adequate carrier and drug-loading (DL) for the manufacturing of robust SDSD; and the appropriate stabilizer dissolved in the liquid vehicle of SDSD suspensions, which constitutes the common dosage form used during non-clinical studies. This methodology was verified with CDP146, a poorly water soluble (<2 µg/mL) API combined with four enteric polymers and four stabilizers. CDP146/HPMCAS-LF 40:60 (w/w) and 10% (w/v) PVPVA were identified as the lead SDSD and the best performing stabilizer, respectively. Lead SDSD suspensions (1–50 mg/mL) were found to preserve complete amorphous state during 8 h and maintain supersaturation in simulated rat intestinal fluids during the absorption window. Therefore, the implementation of spray-drying as a small-scale screening approach allowed maximizing screening effectiveness with respect to very limited API amounts (735 mg) and time resources (9 days), while removing transfer steps between screening and manufacturing phases.

Corrole-BODIPY Dyad as Small-Molecule Donor for Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells.

Dyes based on charge-transfer (CT) characteristics are attractive candidates for organic photovoltaics due to their intense and broad absorption window. In these molecular frameworks, electron-rich donors and electron-deficient acceptors are covalently linked to achieve an effective CT process. Corrole, a tetrapyrrolic congener of porphyrin, is an excellent example of an electron-rich molecule with a large molar extinction coefficient. BODIPY, on the other hand, is a well-known electron-deficient bypyrrolic boron difluoride complex with intense absorption complementary to the corrole. A combination of these two structural motifs should result in a dyad having a wide absorption window, which will be suitable for organic photovoltaics. Herein, a corrole derivative has been envisaged as an efficient donor for solution-processed bulk heterojunction solar cells with PC71BM as an acceptor for the first time. The current molecule exhibits broad absorption in the visible range in solution as well as in thin films, with a high molar extinction coefficient and a low band gap of 1.79 eV. Frontier molecular orbital energy levels were found to be complementary to those of the well-known acceptor PC71BM. The optimized devices based on Cor-BODIPY:PC71BM showed a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.6% with Jsc = 11.46 mA/cm2, Voc = 0.90 V, and FF = 0.61. A remarkable value of incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 61% has also been observed.

Assessing the potential of solid dispersions to improve dissolution rate and bioavailability of valsartan: In vitro-in silico approach

This study aimed to improve dissolution rate of valsartan in an acidic environment and consequently its oral bioavailability by solid dispersion formulation. Valsartan was selected as a model drug due to its low oral bioavailability (~23%) caused by poor solubility of this drug in the low pH region of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and presence of absorption window in the upper part of GIT. Solid dispersions were prepared by solvent evaporation method with Eudragit® E100, Soluplus® or polyvinylpyrrolidone K25 (PVP K25) in drug:polymer weight ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:6 and further subjected to solid-state characterization and in vitro drug dissolution testing in 0.1 M HCl. The expected drug plasma concentration vs. time profiles after oral administration of the selected solid dispersion formulations were predicted using physiologically-based in silico modeling. Fast and complete dissolution of valsartan, with >80% of dissolved drug within the first 10 min of testing, was observed only from solid dispersions prepared with Eudragit® E100 in drug:polymer ratios of 1:2, 1:4 and 1:6. In all other samples, valsartan dissolution was slow and incomplete. Solid-state characterization showed amorphous nature of both pure drug and solid dispersion samples, as well as favourable intermolecular interactions between valsartan and polymers over interactions between drug molecules. The constructed in silico model predicted >40% of increase in valsartan bioavailability, Cmax and AUC values from selected solid dispersion formulations compared to conventional solid oral dosage form such as IR capsules. Based on the results of the in vitro-in silico study, formulation of solid dispersions of valsartan with Eudragit® E100 polymer can be considered as a promising approach for improving valsartan bioavailability.

Dual mechanism of microenvironmental pH modulation and foam melt extrusion to enhance performance of HPMCAS based amorphous solid dispersion

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) is an excellent polymeric carrier for melt extrusion amorphous solid dispersion. However, its pH-dependent solubility limits its application, especially for narrow absorption window drugs. The current study proposed a novel dual approach of foam extrusion and microenvironmental pH modulation to overcome this limitation. Sodium bicarbonate was used as a blowing agent and the remaining sodium carbonate acted as an internal pH modifier. Compared with conventional extrusion, foam extrusion dramatically lowered the extrudate physical strength (breaking force and hardness decreased by 20-fold; breaking energy and deformation energy decreased by >30-fold). Milling efficiency of foam extrudate was largely improved compared with that of conventional extrudates, demonstrating smaller particle size, larger specific surface area, and ability to pass through a smaller milling screen. The foam extrudate could generate a supersaturation concentration up to 8-fold higher than the solubility of the pure drug. It also significantly enhanced drug dissolution in a two-step biorelevant medium (p < 0.05). This novel approach improved both manufacturing processability and dissolution of HPMCAS-based solid dispersions.

Saturable and reverse saturable absorption of a Cu2O–Ag nanoheterostructure

Cu2O–Ag nanoheterostructure was synthesized by a simple and eco-friendly co-precipitation method, and its morphologic structure, linear and nonlinear optical properties were studied. Though pure Cu2O nano- and microparticles are known for their nonlinear absorption properties, current studies show that Ag nanoparticle in contact with Cu2O can significantly change the nonlinear response. When compared to pure Cu2O, our results indicate that Cu2O–Ag composite shows a saturable absorption behavior at lower excitation powers and flips to reverse saturable absorption at higher excitation powers. The composite also results in the bandgap modification and opens an extra window for two-photon absorption, while the excited state absorption was more probable in pure Cu2O. Interband transition occurs in Ag nanoparticle due to simultaneous two-photon absorption when excited by 532 nm. The excited carriers decay through nonradiative relaxation processes, leading to an increase in the nonlinear scattering mechanism, and the nonlinear scattering is found to increase with the excitation intensity. TEM data reveal the formation of spherical nanoheterostructure of Cu2O and Ag nanoparticles of ~ 30 nm diameter. XRD analysis provided further insight into the morphologic structure.

An Overview on Various Approaches and Recent Patents on Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems.

Drugs having absorption window in the stomach or upper small intestine have restricted bioavailability with conventional dosage forms. The gastric residence time of these dosage forms is usually short and they do not show drug release for prolonged period of time. To avoid these problems and to enhance the bioavailability and gastric retention time of these drugs, controlled drug delivery systems with prolonged gastric retention time are currently being developed. This review highlights the various pharmaceutical approaches for gastroretention such as floating drug delivery systems, mucoadhesive systems, high-density systems, expandable and swelling systems, super porous hydrogels systems, magnetic systems, ion exchange resin system and recent patents filed or granted for these approaches. Recently, some patents are also reported where a combination of various approaches is being employed to achieve very effective gastroretention. The various patent search sites were used to collect and analyze the information on gastroretentive drug delivery systems. The present study provides valuable information, advantages, limitations and future outlook of various gastroretentive drug delivery systems.

Demonstration of optical nonlinearity in InGaAsP/InP passive waveguides

We report on the study of the third-order nonlinear optical interactions in InxGa1-xAsyP1-y/InP strip-loaded waveguides. The material composition and waveguide structures were optimized for enhanced nonlinear optical interactions. We performed self-phase modulation, four-wave mixing and nonlinear absorption measurements at the pump wavelength 1568 nm in our waveguides. The nonlinear phase shift of up to 2.5π has been observed in self-phase modulation experiments. The measured value of the two-photon absorption coefficient α2 was 19 cm/GW. The four-wave mixing conversion range, representing the wavelength difference between maximally separated signal and idler spectral components, was observed to be 45 nm. Our results indicate that InGaAsP has a high potential as a material platform for nonlinear photonic devices, provided that the operation wavelength range outside the two-photon absorption window is selected.

GASTRO RETENTIVE NON-FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY APPROACH: A REVIEW

Gastro retardation is attractive approach to enhance bioavailability of narrow absorption window drugs. Drug retardation in stomach is more beneficial for certain gastro intestinal disorders like gastro esophageal reflex disease, ulcer and other gastro intestinal conditions. Gastric site retardation is one of the challenging technique, however various techniques are applied to keep the drug and achieve the enhancement of bioavailability. To achieve gastro retentive commonly two approaches are considered, they are floating drug delivery system and non-floating gastro retentive drug delivery system. The floating drug made-up by low density polymers, this approach was not fit many of the drug molecule and floating drug has some limitations like sufficient level fluids in stomach and not to be dosed just before going to bed. In this review describe the various high density (sinking) system (non-floating) drug delivery systems like super porous hydrogels, expanding system, bio/mucoadhesives system, and magnetic system and mechanism, desirable drug characters, advantages and disadvantages. Keyword: Bioavailability, gastro retentive, magnetic system, mucoadhesive, non-floating and sinking system.

Armamentarium of nanoscaled lipid drug delivery systems customized for oral administration: In silico docking patronage, absorption phenomenon, preclinical status, clinical status and future prospects.

Poor drug solubility and bioavailability remain a significant and frequently encountered concern for pharmaceutical scientists. Nanoscaled lipid drug delivery systems (NSLDDS) have exhibited great potentials in oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs, primarily for lipophilic drugs, with several successful clinical products. In the past few years, we have find out that optimized composition of drug in lipid, surfactant, or mixture of lipid and surfactant omits the solubility, permeability and bioavailability issues, which are potential limitations for oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs. Lipids not only vary in structures and physiochemical properties, but also in their digestibility and absorption pathway; therefore selection of lipid excipients and dosage form has a pronounced effect on biopharmaceutical aspects of drug absorption and distribution both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, in current critical review, a comprehensive overview of the different lipid based nanostructured drug delivery systems intended for oral administration has been presented. In addition, implication of in silico docking in designing of NSLDDS as well as mechanism of absorption of different lipid based nanoformulations through intestinal absorption window has also been offered. Moreover, attention has also been paid to NSLDDS that are currently undergoing preclinical or clinical analysis.