Absorbent Paper Research Articles

Activated Carbon Loaded Lignocellulosic Fibers by Pulp Refining Process for Dye and Metal Ion Absorbing Paper

This work developed activated carbon loaded lignocellulosic fibers (kraft pulp) by pulp refining process and used them to form activated carbon paper (AC-paper). AC-paper was used for the removal of dye and heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. In pulp refining process, kraft pulp was mixed with activated carbon using high consistency refiner with the addition of cationic starch as a binder. The effects of cationic starch and activated carbon concentration on AC-paper properties were investigated. Activated carbon amount of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%, and cationic starch amount of 0, 0.25 and 0.50% (% by oven dried weight pulp) were examined. The AC-paper was prepared at basis weight of 60±5 g/m2. Paper mechanical properties, including density, tensile index, burst index, ring crush index, and tear index, were tested according to ISO 5270. The results show that all paper strength properties declined when the amount of activated carbon was increased. Especially, when the activated carbon content above 30%, paper strength was greatly reduced. The improvement of paper strength was observed when with the cationic starch was added. However, the increased of cationic starch amount from 0.25 to 0.50% showed no significantly difference in paper strength. Paper adsorption of dye (methyl orange, (MO)) and heavy metal ions (zinc and iron) were also studied. The AC-paper prepared from fiber with 50% activated carbon and 0.50% cationic starch provided highest adsorption values of both dye and metal ions from aqueous solutions. In this work, the use of 30% activated carbon and 0.50% cationic starch in pulp refining process was chosen as a suitable condition for the preparation of activated carbon loaded fiber because the activated carbon content above 30% could disrupt paper strength. The fiber obtained from this suitable condition gave the paper with adsorption values of 0.62, 16.38 and 16.72 mg/g for MO, Zn2+, and Fe2+, respectively. The developed activated carbon loaded lignocellulosic fibers could be potentially used for various specialty paper products, such as absorbent paper, filter paper and active packaging, in the future.

Ophthalmic findings in a captive population of Panamanian golden frogs: Atelopus zeteki.

The aim of this study was to describe normal ocular morphology and establish parameters for select diagnostics in a population of Panamanian Golden Frogs (PGF) Atelopus zeteki maintained at the Detroit Zoo. A total of 22 toads free of ocular disease were included in this study. Ophthalmic diagnostic tests included as follows: endodontic absorbent paper point tear test (EAPPTT), assessment of intraocular pressures (IOP), Rose Bengal stain, palpebral fissure width, blink rate and corneal cultures. Histology was performed on stored postmortem samples. Panamanian Golden Frogs have a distinct brow ridge and mobile third eyelid. Biomicroscopy revealed avascular, convex corneas with a shallow anterior chamber. Iris color ranged from yellow to green with dark pigmentation of the peripheral iris. Pupil shape was round. Posterior segment and fundus could not be visualized. Total number of blinks observed over a 10-minute period was one. Mean EAPPTT was 2±1mm and 3±1mm in males and females, respectively (P). Mean IOP using rebound tonometry in horizontal and vertical restraint positions were 21.6±2.28mmHg and 17.45±3.66mmHg, 21.85±2.7mmHg and 17.5±3.93mmHg in males and females, respectively. Mean palpebral fissure width was 5.02±0.46mm and 6.12±0.39mm in males and females, respectively (P). Enterococcus faecalis was isolated from one clinically normal toad. Tear production and blink rate were low and not significantly different between males and females. Intraocular pressure was significantly greater in male toads (P value <0.01). Females had a significantly larger palpebral fissure width when compared to males (P value <0.01) 5819. The ophthalmic parameters established in this study can aid in the evaluation and diagnosis of eye diseases in PGF.

Identification of Specific Anaerobic Bacteria in Endodontic Infections of Primary Teeth—A PCR Study

ABSTRACTIntroductionInvasion of microorganisms and their multiplication in root canals (RCs) results in endodontic infections of primary teeth. Acute and chronic inflammation may be present in the periapical area and are based on the amount and virulence of microorganisms, especially anaerobic bacteria present in the RC. To identify microorganisms very precisely in endodontic infections, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used.AimThe aim of the present study is to identify the specific anaerobic bacteria like Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Actinomyces naeslundii in the RCs of primary teeth using real-time PCR.MethodologyFifteen subjects aged 3–8 years who had endodontic infections in primary molars were selected. The cases who had been selected did not receive any endodontic treatment and antibiotics within 3 months, and children with systemic diseases were not included.Sample collectionSamples were taken by placing absorbent paper points into the largest canals of maxillary and mandibular molars for 60 seconds and are then transferred to a sterile Eppendorf tube with tris-hydochloride EDTA (TE) buffer. The samples were stored at −80°C. All samples were subjected to PCR analysis.ResultThe specific anaerobes detected in the samples were A. naeslundii (93.3%), Prevotella intermedia (53.3%), and Porphyromonas gingivalis (13.3%).ConclusionThe results suggested a high bacterial diversity in the RCs of infected primary teeth.How to cite this articleThimmegowda U, Thomas J, et al. Identification of Specific Anaerobic Bacteria in Endodontic Infections of Primary Teeth—A PCR Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(1):1–4.

Evaluation of tear production in juvenile opossum using three different methods

ABSTRACT: The establishment of parameters for tear production in different species is important for better understanding eye´s health and is one of the components of the ophthalmic semiological technique. Particularities derived from the anatomophysiology of non-domestic species induce the search for more reliable methodologies. The aim was to evaluate and compare tear production of white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris) and Brazilian common opossum (Didelphis aurita) by three different methods. Fifteen individuals of each species, juveniles, healthy, of both sexes, with 60 to 90 days of life, were physically restrained. Phenol red thread test (PRTT), endodontic absorbent paper point tear test (EAPPTT) and modified -Schirmer tear test (mSTT) were performed. PRTT was the most difficult to perform because of the wire malleability, while EAPPTT was more feasible for both species. The median ± semi-quartile range for PRTT were 19.79±2.61mm/15 “and 5.22±2.92mm/15”, for EAPPTT were 16.25±1.82mm/min and 10.9±3.04mm/min, and for STTm were 0±1.63mm/min and 0±1.63mm/min for white-eared opossum and Brazilian common opossum respectively. There was no difference between the right and left eye neither sex. A significant difference was obtained for the same test to different species. No significant correlation was found between the tests for both species. The description of tear production parameters for juvenile white-eared opossum and Brazilian common opossum may be used as a tool, which will allow the early diagnosis of ocular diseases.

Evaluation of Antimicrobial effect of Triphala versus conventional root canal irrigants in primary teeth-An In vivo study

Introduction: The success of pulpectomy is based on complete eradication of microbes from the root canals of primary teeth. This is brought about by the combined mechanical preparation and chemical disinfection of the root canal system. Currently, herbal agents are used as irrigants because of their low cytotoxicity. In vitro studies have been done using triphala as a root canal irrigant in primary teeth due to its ant inflammatory and antibacterial activity. In vivo studies have not been documented in the literature in the primary teeth. Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the antimicrobial effectiveness of triphala as a root canal irrigant in primary teeth. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled trial was performed in primary molars which were indicated for pulpectomy. Thirty primary molars were randomly allocated to on of the two groups by which the irrigation was done: Group A: Triphala; Group B: Sterile saline. Pre and post irrigation sample was collected by using sterile absorbent paper points in a sterile Eppendorf tube containing saline as a transport medium and culturing was done by using nutrient agar and incubated for 48 hours and the mean colony count of microbial flora was evaluated. Results: Triphala as a root canal irrigant was shown to have more antimicrobial effect in reducing the microbial flora compared to sterile saline. But, there was no statistical significant difference. Conclusion: Triphala can be used as a potent irrigating solution compared to saline and has been shown to have significant effect in reducing the microbial flora.

Isolation and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Anaerobic Bacteria of Periodontitis in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients in Basrah Province, South of Iraq

Periodontitis considered as polymicrobial disease since that the primary etiologic agents is sub gingival plaque bacteria, while the specific pathogens interaction is more relevant in the progress of the disease than are individual's species. Samples resulted in isolation of 66 bacterial isolates include 38 isolates were diagnosed with bacteriological methods belong to 10 species of 6 genera confirmed by Vitek 2 Compact System, Anaerococcus prevotii, Lactobacillus fermentum Biofidobacterium spp, Peptophillus asaccharolytiucs, Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus parcasei and Actinomyces naeslundii. The Epsilometer-test reveal that the species Anaerococcus prevotii, Lactobacillus plantarum and Actinomyces israelii showed resistance to Tetracyclin, while Anaerococcus prevotii showed resistance to Clarithromycin, Nalidixic Acid and Tetracyclin. The species Anaerococcus prevotii was sensitive to Ciproflaxacin, while Peptophillus asaccharolytiucs was sensitive to tetracycline and resistant to Nalidixic Acid. Samples were collected during the period between May 2016 and April 2017. GCF was collected by absorbent paper points from a total 73 patients suffering from periodontitis comprised 41(56.16%) specimens of diabetic patients and 32(43.83%) specimens of non-diabetic patients. No significant differences were observed (p>0.05), including 32 male represent (43.38%) and 41 female represent (56.16%) with no significant differences in the percentages of isolation between the sexes (p>0.05).

The effect of substrates on the removal of low-level vanadium, chromium and cadmium from polluted river water by ecological floating beds

Ecological floating beds (EFBs) is one of the effective methods lately used to remove heavy metals pollutions in water. However, the role of substrate in EFBs was mainly focused on the study of microorganisms, and the effect of substrates on plants enrichment of heavy metals was rarely investigated. This study aimed to investigate the promotion of different substrates (green zeolite, sepiolite, absorbent paper, and ceramsite) on the removal of multi-heavy metals (V, Cr, and Cd) by Acorus calamus L. It also investigated the plant growth status. Results showed that the relative increase rate of Acorus calamus L. fresh weight increased the most in EFBs with green zeolite group (EFB-GZ), which was 60.50%, higher than 38.17% in EFBs with Acorus calamus L. (EFB-A). The enrichment ability of multi-metals in Acorus calamus L. was stronger in EFBs with substrates than in EFB-A, and green zeolite was the best. After 34 days, the total removal efficiency of V, Cr and Cd in EFB-GZ were 79.91%, 95.24% and 91.80%, respectively. Heavy metals translocation from root to shoot influenced by the kinds of substrates. In EFB-GZ, the translocation factor (TF) of V, Cr and Cd were 0.081, 0.263 and 0.180, respectively (0.024, 0.608 and 0.032 in EFB-A). The ability of Acorus calamus L. to resist multi-metals stress was significantly higher in EFBs with substrates than that in EFB-A and the activity of SOD, POD and CAT were increased by heavy metals stress. Our results acquired that green zeolite was the best substrate to promote multi-metals uptake by Acorus calamus L., which could effectively maintain the pH of water, provide a stable environment and nutriment for Acorus calamus L. Green zeolite can promote the translocation of V and Cd from root to shoot in Acorus calamus L., but is not conducive to Cr.

Measurement of Tear Production Using Schirmer Tear Test and Standardized Endodontic Absorbent Paper Points in Ferrets (Mustela Putorius Furo)

The aim of this study was to compare the Shirmer tear test (STT) and Standardized endodontic absorbent paper point tear test (PPTT) in ferrets and establish normal ophthalmic parameters for PPTT. A total of 66 eyes from 33 healthy ferrets (17 males and 16 females) aged 10 to 120 months were included in the study. Measurement for STT was 7.4 ± 1.9 mm/min and 12.6 ± 2.4 mm/min for PPTT. There were no significant differences between values obtained from left and right eyes (P = 0.29) or between age groups (P = 0.16), however there was a significant difference between sexes (P = 0.03). The results from this study can both serve as useful parameters for ophthalmologic evaluation in ferrets but less variable results, and therefore more precise measurements can be obtained using PPTT than STT.

Do lithium disilicate ceramic manufacturing techniques affect the degree of conversion of light-cured resin cement?

The aim of this study is to evaluate the degree of conversion of light-cured resin cement subjected to activation through the interposition of lithium disilicate ceramic produced according to two manufacturing techniques. Cylindrical specimens of RelyX™ Veneer resin cement were generated based on each manufacturing technique (CAD/CAM—computer aided design/computer assisted manufacturing, n = 5 or pressed ceramic technique, n = 5). Next, the specimens were washed in distilled water, dried with absorbent paper and stored in containers filled with distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h. Specimens from each group were subjected to attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) in order to evaluate their degree of conversion. Data about the degree of conversion (%) were subjected to analysis of variance and to Student’s t-test (α = 0.05%). The degree of conversion of RelyX™ Veneer was statistically higher in the CAD/CAM manufacturing technique (39.83 ± 0.35%) than in the Press one (37.59 ± 0.62%). The light-cured resin cement activated through ceramic structure reinforced with lithium disilicate generated through the CAD/CAM manufacturing technique showed higher degree of conversion than the one generated through the Press manufacturing technique.

Immunoblotting: Transfer of Proteins from Gels to Membranes.

Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from gels to membranes can be achieved either by complete immersion of a gel-membrane sandwich in a buffer (wet transfer) or by placing the gel-membrane sandwich between absorbent paper soaked in transfer buffer (semidry transfer). For the wet transfer, the sandwich is placed in a buffer tank with platinum wire electrodes. For the semidry transfer, the gel-membrane sandwich is placed between carbon plate or stainless steel electrodes. Both methods are described here and generally work well, although semidry transfer is quicker and often more complete.

Schirmer's I, modified Schirmer's I, phenol red thread, and paper point tests: a comparative study for tear production measurement techniques in broiler chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Problems with indoor husbandry and immunological challenges are some of the stressors that broilers may face which can affect production. Infectious diseases can compound the effects of excessive concentrations of ammonia causing respiratory and ocular inflammation and increased lacrimal production in broiler chickens. The objectives of this investigation were to establish normal values of tear production in chicks and compare the practicality of the different methods. Palpebral fissure length (PFL) and tear production were evaluated in Cobb 500 chicks at 5 d old and then at 5 d of age by the following methods: modified Schirmer's test I (mSTT1), phenol red cotton thread tear test (PRCTTT), and standardized endodontic absorbent paper point test (EAPPTT). Ten chicks at the age of 5 and 42 d were evaluated for each method. In addition, at 42 d, when the palpebral fissure permitted, a regular-sized Schirmer tear test I (STT1) was performed in another group of 10 chickens. Overall, PFL and the secretion of the aqueous phase of the tear film increased with age. Mean mSTT1 results were 5.00 ± 1.83mm and 10.45 ± 2.58mm for 5- and 42-d-old chicks, respectively. Mean PRCTTT results were 12.37 ± 1.80mm and 25.58 ± 4.8mm for 5- and 42-d-old chicks, respectively. Mean EAPPTT results were 7.13 ± 0.72mm and 12.03 ± 0.92mm for 5- and 42-d-old chicks, respectively. Mean STT1 for 42-d-old chicks was 11.40 ± 2.60mm. Results obtained with endodontic paper points showed the lowest coefficient of variation and investigators found the test easier to perform. These values reported for broilers at different ages may be applied in poultry ophthalmology to help the diagnosis of lacrimal production disorders and to detect early disease symptoms that could cause economic losses in poultry production.

An LC-MS/MS method for quantification of daptomycin in dried blood spot: Application to a pharmacokinetics study in critically ill patients

An LC-MS/MS method for analysis of daptomycin in dried blood spot (DBS) was established. The DBS samples were prepared by spotting one droplet of blood onto absorbent paper, and were left to dry at room temperature. The DBS samples were extracted with water followed by deproteinization with acetonitrile. A Hypersil GOLD aQ column was applied to chromatographically separate the analyte, and mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min consisted of methanol and 0.1% formic acid. Detection of analyte was performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in positive mode, and the mass spectrometer was manipulated in selective reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. The SRM transitions m/z 810.9→811.1 and 810.9→640.8 for quantification and qualification of daptomycin and m/z 837.4→679.4 and 837.4→558.3 for roxithromycin used as internal standard were monitored. The calibration curves covering the range of 1–200 μg/mL exhibited good linearity, and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 1 µg/mL for daptomycin in DBS. The proposed method was fully validated, and hematocrit effect on the quantification of daptomycin in DBS was not obvious. The proposed DBS method was non-invasive and required collection of a micro-volume blood, and was successfully utilized to a pharmacokinetics study in seriously ill patients.

English

The aim of this study was to evaluate the type of microbiota present in root canals with pulp necrosis, with and without periapical lesion. Nineteen patients were selected for the study and 30 root canals were analysed in unirradicular and/or multi-radicular permanent teeth, asymptomatic, with pulp necrosis, with or without periapical lesion, and no communication between root canal and oral cavity. Absorbent paper cones were introduced in the canal for 20 s. Then, the contaminated paper cones were inoculated in a Brain Heart Infusion Agar-BHI culture medium and incubated in an oven for 48 h at 37°C. The data were analysed by non-parametric statistical method of the Cochran-test. The results revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the amount of Gram-positive and negative bacteria in endodontic infections, indicating that the microbiota of these endodontic infections is mixed. Key words: Microbiota, lipopolysaccharide, endodontics, root canals, pulp necrosis.

Influence of ethanol on dentin roughness, surface free energy, and interaction between AH Plus and root dentin.

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different ethanol concentrations on dentin roughness, surface free energy, and contact angle between AH Plus and the root canal dentin. One hundred human maxillary anterior teeth were split longitudinally and 200 dentin specimens were polished to make the surface flatter and smoother. An acrylic bar was positioned between two dentin specimens and impression material was added to create a block, simulating an instrumented root canal space. Specimens were removed from the mold and cleaned in an ultrasonic bath for 10 min. Thereafter, dentin specimens were divided into four groups (n = 50) according to the drying methods used: a) wet: vacuum only, b) paper points: vacuum + absorbent paper points, c) 70% alcohol: 70% alcohol (1 min) + vacuum + absorbent paper points, and d) 100% alcohol: 100% alcohol (1 min) + vacuum + absorbent paper points. A rugosimeter and a goniometer were used to verify the roughness (Ra) and to measure the surface free energy and the contact angle between the AH Plus sealer and the root canal dentin. ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05) were used for statistical analysis. The 70% and 100% ethanol groups showed significantly decreased roughness as well as increased surface free energy in the root canal dentin when compared to the wet and paper point groups. In addition, ethanol significantly reduced the contact angle between the AH Plus sealer and the root canal dentin. Ethanol solutions (70% and 100%) provide better wettability of AH Plus sealer on dentin surfaces.

Electronic eye for the prediction of parameters related to grape ripening

An electronic eye (EE) for fast and easy evaluation of grape phenolic ripening has been developed. For this purpose, berries of different grape varieties were collected at different harvest times from veraison to maturity, then an amount of the derived must was deposited on a white sheet of absorbent paper to obtain a sort of paper chromatography. Thus, RGB images of the must spots were collected using a flatbed scanner and converted into one-dimensional signals, named colourgrams, which codify the colour properties of the images. The dataset of colourgrams was used to build calibration models to relate the colour of the images with the phenolic composition of the samples – determined by reference analytical methods – and therefore to follow the ripening trend. Satisfactory calibration models were obtained for the prediction of the most important parameters related to phenolic ripening of grapes, such as colour index, tonality, total anthocyanins content, malvidin-3-O-glucoside and petunidin-3-O-glucoside.

A new procedure for surface contamination of food products using absorbent paper

AbstractA new method was developed for artificial contamination of food products during challenge test studies, in products where superficial contamination is needed. Rinds of Gorgonzola cheese wheels were divided into quarters and then squares with 12 cm of side and contaminated with absorbent paper soaked with a bacterial suspension of Listeria monocytogenes left in contact with the surface of the blue‐veined cheese, in order to achieve homogenous contamination of the whole surface. To verify the performance of the method of contamination, after 24 hr L. monocytogenes was enumerated to evaluate surface contamination. With the method described, an average concentration of about 5 log10cfu/cm2 or MPN/cm2 was obtained starting from a contaminated suspension of 8 log10cfu/ml. The homogeneity of the contamination was demonstrated by the application of statistical tests.Practical applicationsChallenge tests are carried out to simulate contaminations as they happen during the processing and aging of cheeses, cured meats or ready‐to‐eat foods, for cross contamination studies, for applications of predictive microbiology, and to evaluate potential dragging of bacteria during the cutting of slices. In all cases, the inoculum should be applied on the product using the appropriate technique, in order to mimic natural contamination. This study reports a new method of contamination that allows the achievement of homogeneous microbial distribution on the whole flat surface of foods, using absorbent paper soaked with a bacterial suspension of Listeria monocytogenes. It was tested in the framework of challenge tests aimed to quantify the dragging of bacteria from Gorgonzola cheese rinds to paste during different processing steps. The procedure could be, however, profitably used also in other food products, when uniform surface contamination is required.

Molecular analyses of two bacterial sampling methods in ligature-induced periodontitis in rats.

The prevalence profile of periodontal pathogens in dental plaque can vary as a function of the detection method; however, the sampling technique may also play a role in determining dental plaque microbial profiles. We sought to determine the bacterial composition comparing two sampling methods, one well stablished and a new one proposed here. In this study, a ligature‐induced periodontitis model was used in 30 rats. Twenty‐seven days later, ligatures were removed and microbiological samples were obtained directly from the ligatures as well as from the periodontal pockets using absorbent paper points. Microbial analysis was performed using DNA probes to a panel of 40 periodontal species in the checkerboard assay. The bacterial composition patterns were similar for both sampling methods. However, detection levels for all species were markedly higher for ligatures compared with paper points. Ligature samples provided more bacterial counts than paper points, suggesting that the technique for induction of periodontitis could also be applied for sampling in rats. Our findings may be helpful in designing studies of induced periodontal disease‐associated microbiota.

Comparative evaluation of antiplaque and antigingivitis effects of an herbal and chlorine dioxide mouthwashes: A clinicomicrobiological study.

The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of herbal mouthwash and chlorine dioxide mouthwash in reduction of plaque and gingivitis. In a randomized clinical trial, forty patients were randomly selected and divided equally into two groups. After professional oral prophylaxis, the clinical parameters plaque index, gingival index, and modified sulcular bleeding index were recorded at baseline, 7th day, 14th day, and 21st day. The plaque samples were collected from gingival sulcus with an absorbent sterile paper point and were stored in a thioglycollate broth, then sent for microbiological examination. The microbial colony-forming units were assessed at baseline, 7th day, 14th day, and 21st day for Streptococcus mutans, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. There was a statistical significant reduction in both clinical and microbiological parameters were observed with use of both the mouthwashes. However, herbal mouthwash was more effective in reducing the plaque and gingivitis than chlorine dioxide mouthwash. Herbal mouthwash was statistically efficacious in controlling plaque and gingivitis with potent antimicrobial activity.

Gingival crevicular fluid levels of cathelicidin and alpha-defensins in smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis

Gingival crevicular fluid levels of cathelicidin and alpha-defensins in smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis

Production of paper from pineapple leaves

Wood is used as the major raw material in paper production around the world and this has resulted in severe deforestations having direct negative impact on our environment. This has led to the need of finding alternative raw materials for paper production. Mauritius has around 300ha of land under pineapple cultivation resulting in agro-waste materials of the leaves. This paper aims at determining the feasibility of using pineapple leaf fibres for paper production. Samples of pineapple leaf fibre were mixed with cane-bagasse in different ratios namely, 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, 80:20,100:0. Pineapple leaf fibres were also mixed with wastepaper in the same ratios. Pulping of pineapple leaf was achieved through soda pulping at a concentration of 15%w/v for 90min at 90°C. The papers obtained were tested for their physical and mechanical properties. The average thickness of all the papers produced, ranged from 0.232mm to 0.304mm showing an increase in paper thickness with increasing grammage from 58.19g/m2 to 63.3g/m2. The most absorbent paper(1.19s) was found to be the 100% pineapple which also demonstrated the highest Tensile Index and Burst Index (6.5Nm/g and 0.84kPam2/g respectively). The bagasse and pineapple composite of ratio 40:60 was found to be the most abrasion resistant paper with 21 turns and a weight loss of 0.86% with the use of emery paper of grade zero as abradant and 200g load cells. The most crease resistant paper was the wastepaper and pineapple composite of ratio 80:20 with a crease recovery angle of 59.8°.