Absolute Power Research Articles

Cannabinol (CBN; 30 and 300 mg) effects on sleep and next-day function in insomnia disorder (‘CUPID’ study): protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over, three-arm, proof-of-concept trial

ObjectiveInsomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder, with few effective pharmacotherapies. Anecdotal reports and recent preclinical research suggest that cannabinol (CBN), a constituent of Cannabis sativa derived from delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, could...

Comparative Analysis of Disorders of Heart Rhythm Regulation Mechanisms Induced in Newborn Rats by Nickel Chloride and the Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Physostigmine (Eserine)

A comparative analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) indices after injection of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChE) physostigmine (¾ LD50) and the T-type calcium channel blocker (T-VDCC) Ni2+ (ED100) into animals was performed in experiments on 3-day-old newborn rats. Both drugs cause phenomenologically similar pathological heart rhythm with significant bradycardia complexes (PHRBC). Analysis of HRV indices showed that the disturbance of heart rhythm regulation mechanisms in NiCl2 poisoning of rats and in cholinoreactive structure activation caused by AChE inhibition develop according to a similar pattern. In both cases there is a decrease in the total power of the spectrum and the absolute power values of the LF (predominantly sympathetic) and HF (parasympathetic influences) bands. Significant decrease in the level of nerve influences leads to the fact that the dominant role in the regulation of heart rhythm begins to play neurohumoral factors (VLF-band). It was found that under conditions of premedication with H- or M-cholinolytics, when rats do not develop cardiac rhythm disturbances, the initial decrease in the severity of neurohumoral and subsequent increase in sympathetic and, to a lesser extent, parasympathetic influences is common. In this case, vagosympathetic balance is not decisive. In case the influence of neurohumoral factors increases after premedication, then later there is a decrease in the proportion of nerve influences and the occurrence of PHRBC. The obtained data suggest that in newborn rats both direct blockade of T-VDCC and changes in ICaT current mediated through M3-subtype muscarinic cholinoreceptors lead to disruption of pacing and development of PHRBC.

Neural coding of autonomic functions in different states of consciousness

Detecting signs of residual neural activity in patients with altered states of consciousness is a crucial issue for the customization of neurorehabilitation treatments and clinical decision-making. With this large observational prospective study, we propose an innovative approach to detect residual signs of consciousness via the assessment of the amount of autonomic information coded within the brain. The latter was estimated by computing the mutual information (MI) between preprocessed EEG and ECG signals, to be then compared across consciousness groups, together with the absolute power and an international qualitative labeling. One-hundred seventy-four patients (73 females, 42%) were included in the study (median age of 65 years [IQR = 20], MCS +: 29, MCS −: 23, UWS: 29). Electroencephalography (EEG) information content was found to be mostly related to the coding of electrocardiography (ECG) activity, i.e., with higher MI (p < 0.05), in Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome and Minimally Consciousness State minus (MCS −). EEG-ECG MI, besides clearly discriminating patients in an MCS − and +, significantly differed between lesioned areas (sides) in a subgroup of unilateral hemorrhagic patients. Crucially, such an accessible and non-invasive measure of residual consciousness signs was robust across electrodes and patient groups. Consequently, exiting from a strictly neuro-centric consciousness detection approach may be the key to provide complementary insights for the objective assessment of patients' consciousness levels and for the patient-specific planning of rehabilitative interventions.

Evaluating Injury Severity in Neonatal Encephalopathy Using Automated Quantitative Electroencephalography Analysis: A Pilot Study

Quantitative analysis of electroencephalography (qEEG) is a potential source of biomarkers for neonatal encephalopathy (NE). However, prior studies using qEEG in NE were limited in their generalizability due to individualized techniques for calculating qEEG features or labor-intensive pre-selection of EEG data. We piloted a fully automated method using commercially available software to calculate the suppression ratio (SR), absolute delta power, and relative delta, theta, alpha, and beta power from EEG of neonates undergoing 72 h of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) for NE between April 20, 2018, and November 4, 2019. We investigated the association of qEEG with degree of encephalopathy (modified Sarnat score), severity of neuroimaging abnormalities following TH (National Institutes of Child Health and Development Neonatal Research Network [NICHD-NRN] score), and presence of seizures. Thirty out of 38 patients met inclusion criteria. A more severe modified Sarnat score was associated with higher SR during all phases of TH, lower absolute delta power during all phases except rewarming, and lower relative delta power during the last 24 h of TH. In 21 patients with neuroimaging data, a worse NICHD-NRN score was associated with higher SR, lower absolute delta power, and higher relative beta power during all phases. QEEG features were not significantly associated with the presence of seizures after correction for multiple comparisons. Our results are consistent with those of prior studies using qEEG in NE and support automated qEEG analysis as an accessible, generalizable method for generating biomarkers of NE and response to TH. Additionally, we found evidence of an immature relative frequency composition in neonates with more severe brain injury, suggesting that automated qEEG analysis may have a use in the assessment of brain maturity.

Pre-task Intrinsic Cortical Activity inNovice andExperienced Military Specialists: A Cross-sectional Study.

Neuroscience studies brain dynamics through the analysis of electrical signals. Cortical activity estimated by electroencephalography brings accurate information about perceptions of human behavior. The examination of resting states in relation to subsequent behaviors indicates that intrinsic cortical activity (ICA) has implications for decision-making processes, especially when inserted in the context of military activities and associated with stress. The objective of this study was to compare the absolute alpha power (AAP) in the ICA in the pre-task moment of novice specialized military (NG) with experienced (ExpG), associating with the level of stress. This was a cross-sectional, observational study with 19 military personnel (32.1 years old), divided into NG (10) and ExpG (9). The ICA was the outcome variable, with the level of stress and the time of specialization in military tasks as the exposure variables. ICA analysis were carried out based on the cortical areas to compare the ICA of the NG with that of the ExpG. The association of stress level with ICA was estimated by linear regression via linear models. There was a significant difference in almost all cortical areas, and the averages were always higher in Exp. The high stress level was associated with greater AAP both for the NG and for the ExpG, and at the medium level, the AAP was obtained, varying according to each cortical area. The AAP in ExpG was significantly higher than that in NG, indicating a lower level of cortical activity and greater efficiency in sensory, motor, and visual tasks.

The Relationship between Bodyweight, Maximum and Relative Strength, and Power Variables during Flywheel Inertial Training

The main aim of this study was to examine the relationship between body weight, absolute and relative strength and power variables in a flywheel Romanian deadlift. A secondary aim was to assess the inter-day reliability of a novel power assessment protocol previously used to determine the inertial load that produced the maximum power output in Flywheel Inertia Training. Ten physically active males took part in this study. Participants had some experience with flywheel devices, but all had a minimum of 24 months of traditional resistance training experience. The first testing session consisted of three sets of 10 repetitions with a different inertial load for each set (0.050, 0.075, and 1.00 kg·m2). Each set’s first and second repetitions were used to build momentum and were excluded from data analysis. The order of inertial load used in each trial was standardized for all participants: first, 0.050 kg·m2, second, 0.075 kg·m2, and last, 0.100 kg·m2. The secondary testing session followed the same procedure as the first. No statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05) effect was found between any of the variables in the correlation analysis. There were large positive correlations between the 1 repetition max flywheel Romanian deadlift and peak concentric power, relative strength, and peak concentric and eccentric peak powers. Both body weight and relative strength showed moderate negative correlations with % eccentric overload, whereas moderate positive correlations were observed between 1RM and peak eccentric power. Both concentric power and eccentric power showed excellent reliability, while the reliability for % eccentric overload ranged from poor to excellent depending on the inertial load. In conclusion, this study shows that a protocol to assess the maximum power output has excellent reliability for both ECC and CON power and may be used in future flywheel training. The results also showed that body weight, maximum strength, and relative strength were not largely related to power variables. An individualized approach to flywheel training is required.

DEMOKRATİK ANAYASA YAPIMI TEORİSİNİN KRİZİ: ŞİLİ DENEYİMİ VE DÜŞÜNDÜRDÜKLERİ

Demokratik anayasa yapımı teorisi, bir anayasanın toplumsal meşruiyetinin ve uzun ömürlü olabilmesinin sağlanması için, anayasa yapım sürecine halkın doğrudan ve dolaylı araçlarla katılımının ve süreç üzerinde belirleyici etki sahibi olmasının önemine vurgu yapmaktadır. Bu yaklaşım, bir yandan da, anayasa yapım sürecine katılım yoluyla toplumsal yarılmaların azalacağını, insanların ortak bir gelecek ülküsü çerçevesinde bir araya gelmelerinin kolaylaşacağını savunmaktadır. Bu teorinin son yıllarda en etkili biçimde test edildiği örnek, Şili’dir. Uzun yıllar süren otoriter bir yönetimin ardından demokrasiye geçiş yapan Şili’de, özel olarak seçilmiş bir Kurucu Meclis önderliğinde, son yılların en şeffaf ve katılımcı anayasa yapım süreci yürütülmüştür. Buna karşın, çok yakın bir zamanda yapılan halkoylamasında, bu sürecin ürünü olan anayasa taslağının büyük bir çoğunlukla reddedildiği görülmektedir. Bu durum, Şili’deki anayasal gelişmeler açısından olduğu kadar, demokratik anayasa yapım teorisi açısından da ciddi bir kriz durumuna işaret etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Şili örneğinde yaşanan gelişmeler mercek altına alınmakta ve gözlemlenen sorunlar; katılımcı anayasa yapım sürecinde katılım sorunları, katılımcı anayasa yapım sürecinde kapsayıcılık sorunları, katılımcı anayasa yapım sürecinin anayasa metnine olumsuz yansımaları ve katılımcı anayasa yapım sürecinde medya ve iletişim süreçleri başlıkları altında, dört ayrı kısım halinde incelenmektedir. Buradan hareketle, demokratik anayasa yapım teorisinin temel tespit ve varsayımları Şili deneyimine ilişkin gözlemler ışığında test edilmekte ve teorinin, hukukun tümevarımcı ve siyaset biliminin tümdengelimci yöntemleriyle bakıldığında karmaşık sonuçlar ürettiği ifade edilmektedir. Bu tespiti destekleyebilmek için de, demokratik anayasa yapımı teorisinin yalnızca 19. yüzyıl anayasacılığı bakımından değil, 20. ve 21. yüzyıllarda görülen anayasa yapım süreçleri açısından da mutlak geçerlilik iddiası bulunmadığı örneklerle ortaya konulmakta ve teorinin değeri ve açıklayıcı gücünün “ihtimalîlik” (contingency) kavramı üzerinden tartışılması gerektiği savunulmaktadır.

Self-applied somnography: technical feasibility of electroencephalography and electro-oculography signal characteristics in sleep staging of suspected sleep-disordered adults.

Sleep recordings are increasingly being conducted in patients' homes where patients apply the sensors themselves according to instructions. However, certain sensor types such as cup electrodes used in conventional polysomnography are unfeasible for self-application. To overcome this, self-applied forehead montages with electroencephalography and electro-oculography sensors have been developed. We evaluated the technical feasibility of a self-applied electrode set from Nox Medical (Reykjavik, Iceland) through home sleep recordings of healthy and suspected sleep-disordered adults (n = 174) in the context of sleep staging. Subjects slept with a double setup of conventional type II polysomnography sensors and self-applied forehead sensors. We found that the self-applied electroencephalography and electro-oculography electrodes had acceptable impedance levels but were more prone to losing proper skin-electrode contact than the conventional cup electrodes. Moreover, the forehead electroencephalography signals recorded using the self-applied electrodes expressed lower amplitudes (difference 25.3%-43.9%, p < 0.001) and less absolute power (at 1-40 Hz, p < 0.001) than the polysomnography electroencephalography signals in all sleep stages. However, the signals recorded with the self-applied electroencephalography electrodes expressed more relative power (p < 0.001) at very low frequencies (0.3-1.0 Hz) in all sleep stages. The electro-oculography signals recorded with the self-applied electrodes expressed comparable characteristics with standard electro-oculography. In conclusion, the results support the technical feasibility of the self-applied electroencephalography and electro-oculography for sleep staging in home sleep recordings, after adjustment for amplitude differences, especially for scoring Stage N3 sleep.

The effects of crank power and cadence on muscle fascicle shortening velocities, muscle activations and joint-powers during cycling.

Whilst people typically chose to locomote in most economical fashion, during bicycling they will, unusually, chose cadences that are higher than metabolically optimal. Empirical measurements of the intrinsic contractile properties of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle during submaximal cycling suggest that the cadences that people self-selected (SSC) might allow for optimal muscle fascicle shortening velocity for the production of knee extensor muscle power. It remains unclear, however, whether this is consistent across different power outputs where the SSC varies. We examined the effect of cadence and external power requirements on muscle neuromechanics and joint powers during cycling. VL fascicle shortening velocities, muscle activations and joint-specific powers were measured during cycling between 60 and 120rpm (including SSC), while participants produced 10%, 30%, and 50% of peak maximal power. VL shortening velocity increased as cadence increased but was similar across the different power outputs. Although no differences were found in the distribution of joint powers across cadence conditions, the absolute knee joint power increased with increasing crank power output. Muscle fascicle shortening velocities increased in VL at the SSC as pedal power demands increased from submaximal towards maximal cycling. A secondary analysis of muscle activation patterns showed minimized activation of VL and other muscles near the SSC at the 10% and 30% power conditions. Minimization of activation with progressively increasing fascicle shortening velocities at the SSC may be consistent with the theory that the optimum shortening velocity for maximizing power increases with intensity of exercise and recruitment of fast twitch fibers.

حبس ملزم کی شرعی و قانونی حیثیت

Attributing the criminal action belonging to a person is called accusation. A person who is charged with a crime is called an accused. No any accused can be considered convict or guilty without an evidence. Allegations are always made on the basis of suspicion and different other circumstantial evidence. Imposition of punishment on the basis of accusation is never justified in any Divine or Man made Law. The decision based on a mere claim without any evidence is prohibited in Islamic Shari'ah.So when a person is charged with a crime ,it is imperative to investigate him properly.Until the investigation is done, neither the accused can be declared guilty nor the claim can be considered true. A strong justice system is necessary for state stability. Pakistan is an Islamic country. So it is a constitutional requirement to establish an Islamic justice system in the country. Under existing laws, the police have absolute power to arrest any respectable citizen on mere suspicion. It is a common practice in Pakistan that the accused is imprisoned on the bases of a trivial accusation. Whereas in Shari'ah, it is absolutely impermissible to detain a dignitary on the base of a mere allegation. Apparently, Incarceration of accused in prevailing laws is seemed to be in conflict with Sharia.. Therefore, A critical study on the legal status of the detention of an accused is necessary in the context of Shariah.

Quantitative Electroencephalographic Analysis in Women with Migraine during the Luteal Phase

Migraine is a common, headache disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of headache often associated with nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and phonophobia. Prior to puberty, boys and girls are equally affected. Female preponderance emerges after puberty. Migraine pathophysiology is not fully understood, and although the hormonal effect of estrogen is significant, it is not clear how hormonal phases affect brain excitability and EEG patterns in women with migraine. The objective of this research was to study the effect of migraine on the resting-state EEG activity of women during the luteal phase. This work compares electroencephalographic (EEG) absolute power in different frequency bands and scalp areas between young women who suffer from migraine and had a migraine attack within 24 h prior to EEG recording (experimental) and ten age-matched young healthy women (controls), all with normal menstrual cycles. For women with migraine, we found a significant decrease/increase in alpha power in the occipitoparietal/frontocentral area, significant decrease in beta power for all areas, significant decrease in delta power in the temporal area, and significant decrease in theta power in the frontocentral and occipitoparietal area. We concluded that women with migraine have a distinct electroencephalographic pattern during the luteal phase in comparison with control women. A possible explanation might be an intermittent rhythmic activity linked to pain.

Superellipse model: An accurate and easy-to-fit empirical model for photovoltaic panels

The accurate representation of the photovoltaic (PV) characteristic curves especially at maximum power point (MPP) are essential for the real-time performance evaluation of PV panels. Over the years, equivalent circuit models which are based on the conversion behavior of PV panels have been the only approach employed in its modeling, simulation, and analysis. However, since the resulting I–V characteristic equation is inherently nonlinear and implicit, the full range enumeration of the PV characteristic curves is usually obtained in a complicated way. Thus, this paper proposes a novel empirical model for modeling and analysis of PV panels. Due to the unique similarities between the geometric shapes of a superellipse and the graphical characteristics of the I–V curve, an explicit mathematical correlation describing the behavior of PV panels can be established. By outlining a step-by-step procedure, the parameter extraction procedures are illustrated. As a result, the straightforward description of the full-range parameter fitting extraction of the I–V curve is greatly simplified. To validate the superiority of the proposed model over the conventional single-diode model, the model accuracy is evaluated according to the IEC EN 50530 standard. The simulation results revealed that irrespective of PV panel specification, cell material, and ambient conditions, the proposed empirical model maintains a low absolute current and power errors within the vicinity of MPP.

Underlying pharmacological mechanisms of psilocin-induced broadband desynchronization and disconnection of EEG in rats.

Psilocybin is one of the most extensively studied psychedelic drugs with a broad therapeutic potential. Despite the fact that its psychoactivity is mainly attributed to the agonism at 5-HT2A receptors, it has high binding affinity also to 5-HT2C and 5-HT1A receptors and indirectly modulates the dopaminergic system. Psilocybin and its active metabolite psilocin, as well as other serotonergic psychedelics, induce broadband desynchronization and disconnection in EEG in humans as well as in animals. The contribution of serotonergic and dopaminergic mechanisms underlying these changes is not clear. The present study thus aims to elucidate the pharmacological mechanisms underlying psilocin-induced broadband desynchronization and disconnection in an animal model. Selective antagonists of serotonin receptors (5-HT1A WAY100635, 5-HT2A MDL100907, 5-HT2C SB242084) and antipsychotics haloperidol, a D2 antagonist, and clozapine, a mixed D2 and 5-HT receptor antagonist, were used in order to clarify the underlying pharmacology. Psilocin-induced broadband decrease in the mean absolute EEG power was normalized by all antagonists and antipsychotics used within the frequency range 1-25 Hz; however, decreases in 25-40 Hz were influenced only by clozapine. Psilocin-induced decrease in global functional connectivity and, specifically, fronto-temporal disconnection were reversed by the 5-HT2A antagonist while other drugs had no effect. These findings suggest the involvement of all three serotonergic receptors studied as well as the role of dopaminergic mechanisms in power spectra/current density with only the 5-HT2A receptor being effective in both studied metrics. This opens an important discussion on the role of other than 5-HT2A-dependent mechanisms underlying the neurobiology of psychedelics.

Resting-state EEG as a potential indicator to predict sleep quality in depressive patients

ObjectivesTo investigate the changes in sleep quality, heart rate variability (HRV) and resting-state electroencephalogram (rsEEG) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), and to explore whether HRV and rsEEG may be served as more convenient tools to assess sleep quality in MDD patients. MethodWe included a total of 91 subjects (46 healthy controls and 45 MDD patients) and compared their sleep quality, HRV and power spectra of rsEEG. Correlation analyses were conducted to discuss the relationship between HRV and seven factors of PSQI. Multiple linear regression model was used to examine whether absolute band power could predict sleep quality in MDD patients. ResultsWe found higher PSQI scores and lower levels of HRV in depressive individuals compared with healthy controls. In MDD patients, sleep latency was negatively correlated with RMSSD and HF. Delta, theta, and alpha band power of rsEEG were higher in MDD patients. Regression analyses showed delta band power of TP8, as well as theta, alpha band power of AF3 predicts PSQI score of MDD patients. ConclusionsThe findings of our study show that some aspects of sleep problems had negative correlations with parasympathetic activity and the regression model supports that the band power of rsEEG may be used as a potential indicator to evaluate the sleep quality in MDD patients. SignificanceCortical hyperarousal may be one of the reasons leading to poor sleep quality of MDD patients. And resting-state EEG can be used as a potential indicator for clinical assessment of MDD patients' sleep quality.

Absolute and Relative Power of LF Waves of Cardiointervalogram in Athletes (Literature Review)

Absolute and Relative Power of LF Waves of Cardiointervalogram in Athletes (Literature Review)

Aspek-Aspek Ketuhanan dalam Teologi Islam: Analisis Tiga Mazhab: Mu’tazilah, Asyariyah, Al-Maturidiyah

This article discusses the debate over divinity aspects in Islamic theology, using the literature study method. The purpose of this paper is to find out the meaning of monotheism in Islamic theology and debates related to divine aspects in Islamic theology. The results of this writing show that religion is a belief that has long existed throughout human civilization. As for the debate on the divine aspect in Islamic theology related to the nature of God, the Mu`tazilah argue that Allah is All-Knowing with His essence, not with knowledge, power and life, because all of these are attributes while attributes are something outside of matter. While the Asy`ariyah, argue that God has properties. God's justice, according to Asy'ariyah, God does as He wills, so God does not put all people into heaven unjust and if God puts all people into hell God is not unjust. Meanwhile, the understanding of justice for the Mu`tazilah implies obligations that must be respected by God. Regarding the power and will of God's Mutlat, Mu'tazilah argues that God's absolute power has been limited by the freedom that has been given to humans in determining wills and actions. whereas Asy`ari said that God is absolute in His will and power

Prediction of post-operative atrial fibrillation in patients after cardiac surgery using heart rate variability

PurposePost-operative atrial fibrillation (PoAF) occurs in ~ 30% of patients after cardiac surgery. The etiology of PoAF is complex, but a disbalance in autonomic systems plays an important role. The goal of this study was to assess whether pre-operative heart rate variability analysis can predict the risk of PoAF.MethodsPatients without a history of AF with an indication for cardiac surgery were included. Two-hour ECG recordings one day before surgery was used for the HRV analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression, including all HRV parameters, their combination, and clinical variables, were calculated to find the best predictive model for post-operative AF.ResultsOne hundred and thirty-seven patients (33 women) were enrolled in the study. PoAF occurred in 48 patients (35%, AF group); the remaining 89 patients were in the NoAF group. AF patients were significantly older (69.1 ± 8.6 vs. 63.4 ± 10.5 yrs., p = 0.002), and had higher CHA2DS2-VASc score (3 ± 1.4 vs. 2.5 ± 1.3, p = 0.01). In the multivariate regression model, parameters independently associated with higher risk of AF were pNN50, TINN, absolute power VLF, LF and HF, total power, SD2, and the Porta index. A combination of clinical variables with HRV parameters in the ROC analysis achieved an AUC of 0.86, a sensitivity of 0.95, and a specificity of 0.57 and was more effective in PoAF prediction than a combination of clinical variables alone.ConclusionA combination of several HRV parameters is helpful in predicting the risk of PoAF. Attenuation of heart rate variability increases the risk for PoAF.

TEORI KEPIMPINAN TRANSFORMASI MENURUT PERSPEKTIF ISLAM: SATU ANALISIS

The transformational leadership theories of Burn 1978, Bass 1985, Leithwood 1994 and Slocum and Hellriegel 2007 are often used as indicators for a leader especially in the organizational leadership landscape. Transformational leadership is seen as ideal for replacing transactional leadership practices as it can transform their organizational structure from centralized control systems, absolute hierarchy power practices, significant status differences between the levels of authority as well as decision-making processes that are top-down ' where the leader has the absolute power to make decisions without subordinate involvement. The frequency of its implementation in the leadership of the organization attracts researchers to see if the theory of transformational leadership is in line with the demands of syarak? Hence, this study is carried out to look at the theory of transformational leadership according to the Islamic perspective whether it coincides with the requirements of syarak or otherwise. This study uses a document analysis method where the researcher refers to the study of literature related to transformational leadership as well as looking at it according to the Islamic perspective by focusing on the main source of reference in Islam which is the Quran and al-Sunnah. The findings showed that the theory of transformational leadership such as individual consideration, charismatic leadership, inspirational motivation, and intellectual stimulation are in line with the will of Islam. However, the understanding and emphasis of this leadership theory is not fully linked to religious values but is based on the experience and thoughts of the original creator of the theory of leadership. This study hopes that the application of the theory of transformational leadership should be embroidered with the requirements of syarak so that the administrative pattern of a leader will receive blessings and blessings in this world and the hereafter.

Classification of low-functioning and high-functioning autism using task-based EEG signals

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by a lack of interpersonal, social, and communication skills, and repetitive and limited behavioral patterns. Autism exhibits a different severity and level of functioning, ranging from high functioning (HF) to low functioning (LF), as per their intellectual/developmental abilities. Identifying the level of the functionality remains crucial in treating and training Autistic children. Brain functioning widely varies during task performance, and the consequent neural representations can act as potential biomarkers. This work aims to classify LF, and HF autistic children based on electroencephalography (EEG), a promising neural underpinning technique acquired while performing cognitive tasks. But task-based EEG data acquisition from autistic children remains challenging and hinders effective classification procedures due to inadequate sample sizes and difficulty acquiring artifact-free signals. Acquired EEG signals were pre-processed for artifact removal to overcome this limitation, and a Gaussian bootstrapping data augmentation technique was employed to strengthen the dataset. Frequency band-specific absolute power, relative power, and derived parameters such as theta-to-alpha ratio and theta-to-beta ratio were extracted. The statistically relevant features were considered for classifying high and low-functioning autism using a kernel-based support vector machine (SVM). Results show that the fine gaussian kernel outperformed the other kernel methods with an average accuracy of 99.9% in the classification process. Thus, this work seems to effectively employ task-based EEG parameters to distinguish the LF and HF groups rather than depending on behavioral measures to categorize autism.

P.078 Desynchronization in high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation of refractory status epilepticus

Background: Recently, we showed cathodal high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) inhibits spikes in refractory status epilepticus (RSE) patients. We sought to characterize relative power changes within regional frequency bands to explore connectivity throughout stimulation. Methods: 28 ICU-EEGs from 10 patients were filtered with 1Hz-lower/127Hz-upper/60Hz-notch. Power spectral density was computed for each individual bipolar-longitudinal (excluding midline) electrode chain in delta/theta/alpha/beta/gamma frequency bands. Relative power was extracted throughout recordings by Welch’s method with 2.5-second Hanning window size with 50% overlap every 10 seconds. The average of relative powers from ≤20-minute pre/during/post stimulation windows were calculated per session/chain/band. Absolute maximal relative power change between pre-during and during-post were computed. ANOVA statistically tested for differences. Results: Change in pre-during for delta/theta/alpha/beta/gamma were respectively -0.7%/-3.1%/-2.8%/-2.1%/8.2%, and during-post were 1.3%/2.8%/2.3%/1.7%/-7%. Positive average changes are increases in average relative power where negative changes show decreases. Changes in absolute maximal average relative power between pre-during and during-post stimulation between frequency bands were significant respectively (p=0.0011, p=0.0139). Conclusions: Relative power in all bands drop pre-during and increase during-post except gamma which correlates with desynchronization being a mechanism for HD-tDCS efficacy in RSE. These frequency band power changes may imply brain connectivity changes that need to be further explored.