Absolute Growth Research Articles

Growth rate and survival of green shells (perna viridis l.) In ponds, alue naga village, banda aceh

Alue Naga is one of the coastal and marine areas in the city of Banda Aceh which has the potential for aquaculture and high economic value, namely green mussels (Perna viridis L). This research aims to determine the growth and survival rate of green mussels with different stocking densities in Alue Naga ponds which are still influenced by the tides of seawater. The layout of the green mussel cultivation container is at the pond water gate. The method used is an experimental test method using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) model with 3 treatments, each treatment 3 times repeated. Research shows that the best average growth and survival rate for green mussels are found in treatment A with a stocking density of 20 seeds/basket, absolute length growth with an average value of 45.52 ± 0.42 mm, weekly length growth rate with an average value -an average of 3.79 ± 0.03 mm/week and an average weight of 25.92 ± 0.19 grams, while the survival rate reached 91.66%. Differences in green mussel stocking density had a significant effect on absolute length growth (PM), absolute weight (BM), and weekly length growth rate (LPPM), while survival (SR) had no significant effect.

Effect of addition of red spinach leaf extract (Amaranthus tricolor L.) in feed against the level of color brightness of sword platy fish (Xiphophorus helleri)

Color is important factor ornamental fish, especially sword platy fish, because can affect selling value. One factor influences color brightness is carotenoids. Carotenoids cannot synthesized by fish's body so must be supplied through feed provided. Red spinach is a natural ingredient that contains carotenoids. Aim of research was to determine effect of adding red spinach leaf extract to artificial feed to increase color brightness, growth and survival of Xiphophorus helleri. Research method used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 repetitions. Concentrations of red spinach leaf extract are 0%, 3%, 6% and 9%. Parameters observed were color brightness, absolute weight, absolute length, survival rate and water quality. Results showed that addition of red spinach leaf extract had a significant effect (P<0.05) on brightness of fish color but had no significant effect (P>0.05) on growth, weight, length and survival rate. Highest increase in color brightness and absolute weight growth was obtained in 9% treatment with an average color brightness score of 6.66, an absolute weight of 0.36 g. Highest absolute length growth occurred treatments C (6%) and D (9%) at 0.41 cm and highest survival rate was obtained treatments A, B and C with a survival percentage of 88%.

Domestication of manggabai fish (Glossogobius giuris) through adaptation to different types of feed and aquaculture containers

This study aims to determine the growth and survival of Manggabai fish (Glossogobius giuris) cultivated in different types of feed and maintenance containers. The method used in the study was an experimental method using a 2 × 3 Factorial Complete Randomized Design (CRD), namely two levels of rearing container factors and three levels of feed type factors. The container consists of two types of containers, namely aquarium and concrete tub. The feed given consists of three types, namely Daphnia sp., Tubifex sp. And pellets. The research variables consisted of growth and survival of test animals. The test animals used were Manggabai fish with a total length of (3 ± 0.05) cm and body weight of 4 ± 0.05 g. Data analysis in this study used a two-factor Completely Randomized Design with a probability level of P < 0.05 and used descriptive analysis of length, weight, and survival growth data during the maintenance of test animals. The results showed that the use of different feed and maintenance containers had a significant effect on the growth and survival of manggabai fish. Total absolute weight growth of manggabai fish reared in concrete containers and fed with Daphnia sp. 22.19 g, pellets 22.99 g, and those fed with Tubifex sp. Feed amounted to 39.63 g. The highest growth and survival were obtained in the treatment using a concrete tank and Tubifex sp. Feed. The highest growth and survival were obtained in the treatment using a concrete tank and Tubifex sp. Feed. The use of aquarium maintenance containers and the provision of pellets is not recommended for domestication of Manggabai fish, because it provides the lowest growth and survival.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ РОСТА ЧЕЛОВЕКА В БЕЛОРУССКОЙ ПОПУЛЯЦИИ ЗА ПЕРИОД 2021–2023 гг

The characteristics of the indicators of the final body height of men and women in the Belarusian population in 2021–2023 and their change during 1985–2023 are given. Uneven and unequal changes in both absolute height and growth rate of men's and women's final height in the Belarusian population are shown. The average final height of men for the period from 1985 to 2021 increased on average by 5.8 cm (from 175.6 to 181.4 cm) with a growth rate of +3.3%, while the average final height of women from 1985 to 2022 increased by 3.8 cm (from 164.5 to 168.3 cm), with a growth rate of +2.3%. It was found that at present in the described population the body growth of men can continue up to 22 years, and of women – up to 20 years. In 2023, there is a trend towards deceleration of final height in the Belarusian population in both men and women, but this observation requires further clarification.

The addition of papaya leaf powder (Carica papaya L.) in feed to increase digestibility of milkfish fry (Chanos chanos)

The purpose of this study was to see the effect of adding papaya leaf powder with different doses to increase the growth rate and digestibility of milkfish fry (Chanos chanos). The method in this study used a completely randomized design (RAL) with 4 treatments each with 5 repetitions. The treatment used in this study was feed without the addition of papaya leaf powder or control treatment (A), the addition of papaya leaf powder 2% (B), 2.5% (C) and 3% (D). The feed that has been made is added with chromium which functions as an indicator of digestibility. Feeding is carried out for 40 days. The results showed that the addition of papaya leaf powder had a significant effect (P&lt;0.05) on increasing the specific growth rate, growth in absolute length and absolute weight, FCR and digestibility of milkfish fry, but had no significant effect (P&gt;0.05) on survival rate (SR). The best results in this study were shown in treatment D (with the addition of 3%/kg papaya leaf powder to the feed) showed a specific growth rate 0.93%, absolute length and absolute weight growth respectively 1.12 cm and 0.37 g, FCR 1.86%, and digestibility were 77.7%.

The effect of banana peel flour (Musa paradisiaca) as additional feed raw materials for common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Banana peel flour has a high nutritional content and can be used as a raw material for fish feed. The study was to find out the effect of banana peel flour as a raw material for feed on enhancing common carp fish growth. The study was conducted from February to April 2023 at the Fish Hatchery and Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala. The experimental group used a CRD with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments included T0 (0%), T1 (2.5%), T2 (5%), T3 (7.5%), and T4 (10%) doses of additional Kepok banana peel flour. The sample fish used were an average weight of 1.64 ± 0.24 g fish.-1, which was cultured for 40 days. The parameters observed included survival, growth rate, and feed conversion ratio. The results revealed that adding Kepok banana peel flour as a raw material for common carp feed had a significant influence on absolute weight growth, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio (P&lt;0.05), but had no effect on survival (P&gt;0,5). The optimal percentage obtained was the addition of 7.5% banana peel flour in the feed formulation (T3) which was able to produce 1.73 ± 0.12% day-1 SGR. Hence, the addition of Kepok banana peel flour as a feed raw material is quite effective in supporting the growth of common carp.

BODY WEIGHT OF CHERAX QUADRICARINATUS AND INDICATORS OF HS-GROUPS IN THEIR LIVER AFTER INCLUSION OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF VERMICULTURE BIOMASS IN THE DIETS

Crustacean products have a positive dynamic demand among the population of the country. Crayfish meat is an effective source of essential amino acids and other biologically active substances for the human body. An important element in the technology of crayfish farming is their feeding. The growth rate of crayfish Сherax quadricarinatus depends on the content and origin of protein in their diets. An effective source of protein for crayfish can be the biomass of a hybrid of red California worms. However, the issue of determining the effectiveness of using vermiculture biomass grown on a substrate containing broiler manure fermented with active aeration in crayfish diets remains unexplored. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of the optimal content of vermiculture biomass in diets on the growth of crayfish and the content of HS groups in their liver. To achieve the planned goal, in the conditions of the experimental farm of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, crayfish from the I, II and III experimental groups were fed standard diets containing 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0 % of California worm biomass. Crayfish from the control group were fed standard diets (complete feed + oak leaves). The content of sulfhydryl groups in the homogenate from the liver of Cherax quadricarinatus was determined using the method of Ellman G.L. It was proved that feeding diets containing 20.0 % of vermiculture biomass increased the body weight of crayfish by 7.0 % compared to the control. The highest body weight of Cherax quadricarinatus at the end of the experiment was found in the group where the diet containing 15.0 % of California worm biomass was used. The difference with the control was 8.2 %. An increase in the preservation of crayfish by 8.0 % was found when feeding them 15.0 and 20.0 % of vermiculture biomass. The use of worm biomass increases the average daily and absolute growth of crayfish and does not cause a decrease in the content of sulfhydryl groups in their liver. The study of the chemical composition of muscle tissue of crayfish when fed diets containing vermiculture biomass is promising.

Growth of the Broad Bean (Vicia faba) Under the Edaphoclimatic Conditions of Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil

The cultivation of the Vicia faba, commonly referred to as broad bean, is still not widely spread in Brazil, mainly due to the lack of scientific information on the growth and development of the species. In this context, quantitative research on growth is necessary to better understand the various aspects related to development rates and carbohydrate accumulation in plant organs. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the growth of the Italian broad bean during the winter-spring period in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. In the experiment, a randomized block design with plots subdivided over time was adopted, evaluating leaf area (LA), total dry mass (TDM), absolute growth rate (AGR), relative growth rate (RGR), and net assimilation rate (NAR) at 21, 35, 49, 63, 77, 91, 105, 119, 133, and 147 days after emergence (DAE). The distribution of assimilates in the different plant organs showed sigmoid patterns. A greater accumulation of LA and TDM was observed at 99 and 133 DAE, respectively. Regarding AGR, the maximum values were recorded at 119 and 133 DAE. The rates of AGR, NAR, and RGR varied throughout the cycle, without showing a defined quantitative performance pattern, possibly due to climatic fluctuations and the intrinsic growth rates of the species.

Mitigação do estresse salino em mudas de maracujá com aplicação de H2O2

ABSTRACT Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can be indicated as a strategy to mitigate salt stress in plants, so the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations and methods of application of H2O2 as a mitigator of salt stress on the growth, physiology, and quality of seedlings of yellow passion fruit. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment (screened) belonging to UFERSA, in Caraúbas - RN, Brazil, in a randomized block design and analyzed in a 2 × 4 × 3 factorial scheme, with four replications and one plant per plot. The treatments consisted of levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw (0.5 and 3.2 dS m-1), H2O2 concentrations (0, 12, 24, and 36 μM), and H2O2 application methods (M1 = seed soaking, M2 = foliar spraying, and M3 = seed soaking + foliar spraying). Increased levels of salinity in irrigation water negatively affect seedling quality. Hydrogen peroxide at an average concentration of 24 µM mitigates salt stress in passion fruit seedlings cv. BRS Gigante Amarelo. H2O2 application to seeds associated with foliar spraying mitigates the effects of salt stress on the absolute growth rate of the leaf area of passion fruit seedlings irrigated with an ECw of 3.2 dS m-1.

Exogenous Ca/Mg quotient reduces the inhibitory effects of PEG induced osmotic stress on Avena sativa L.

Drought is one of the most damaging abiotic stress that hinder plant growth and development. The present study aimed to determine the effects of various Ca/Mg quotients under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced osmotic stress on growth, uptake and translocation of Ca and Mg in Avena sativa (L). Plants were grown in nutrient solution supplemented with three different Ca/Mg molar quotients (0.18, 2, and 4). After 30 days plants were exposed to two different PEG (Polyethylene glycol) concentrations (0.6 MPa & 0.2 MPa) for 8 days, and solutions were renewed after 4 days. A solution containing Ca and Mg nutrients has mitigated the negative impact caused via osmotic stress on relative growth rate (RGR), absolute growth rate (AGR), crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area ratio (LAR), Leaf index ratio (LAI), root-shoot ratio (RSR), water use efficiency (WUE) and net assimilation rate (NAR). In addition, it adversely affected germination parameters, including final emergence percentage (FEP), mean germination time (MGT), Timson germination Index (TGI), germination rate index (GRI) and percent field capacity (%FC), of oat (Avena sativa L.). Mg and Ca in shoot and root and Ca translocation factor decreased with increasing Ca in solution, while Mg translocation factor increased with increasing Ca in nutrient solution. In this work, the combined effects of various Ca/Mg quotients and osmotic stress produced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) in different concentrations (0.6 MPa, 0.2 MPa) on the growth and element uptake of Avena sativa L. are examined. As a result, the Ca/Mg Quotient may naturally combat the moderate drought stress experienced by field crops.

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Buah Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa Bilimbi) Sebagai Suplemen Dalam Pakan Buatan Untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Dan Kelangsungan Hidup Benih Ikan Nila Gift (Oreochromis Niloticus)

Gift tilapia is a fish that is widely favoured by people in Bengkulu province and includes fish that has important economic value. Efforts to increase the growth rate of gift tilapia is one idea to increase production. As an important source of protein for the community. Gift tilapia has the advantage of being easy to breed, fast growth rate, and can be cultivated intensively and extensively with high density. The survival rate of tilapia seeds is highly influenced by several factors of the aquatic environment such as temperature, pH and feed. The growth of tilapia seeds also depends on the quality of the feed given every day, the higher the nutritional value of the feed given, the growth rate will increase, so therefore the provision of belimbing wuluh juice is expected to help improve the growth system and resilience of gifted tilapia seeds. This research was conducted in April to May located in the yard of the orange alley house, in Karang Anyar II Village, Argamakmur District, North Bengkulu. This study used a completely randomised design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates, namely Treatment A (no extract 0 ml/kg pellets), B (star fruit extract 55 ml/kg pellets), C (star fruit extract 75 ml/kg pellets) and Treatment D (star fruit extract 95 ml/kg pellets). The results showed that the provision of star fruit extract in artificial feed had a very significant effect on the length growth of gift tilapia, and the weight growth of gift tilapia. The best survival of gift tilapia in treatment C (star fruit extract 75 ml/kg pellets) with a survival value of 100% and produced the highest length growth in treatment D of 15.12 cm and the highest absolute weight growth was in treatment D with a value of 16.6 grams.

Effects of two diets on growth and condition factor of Chitala lopis

The giant featherback Chitala lopis is fully protected fish species according to Indonesia's official list. The conservation of aquatic resources is achieved through implementing fish farming practices and optimizing feed utilization. This study aims to investigate the impact of different feeding rate on the growth patterns, performance, and condition factors of the first generation of giant featherback. The first generation of the fish were collected from the natural reproduction of broodstock in the earthen ponds. Fish were randomly divided at three different groups replicated three times and reared in the nine net cages installed in the earthen pond. The stocking density of the fish in each group was three fish per cage. The feed treatment involved fish bycatch as control (T0) (5% of the total weight) and freshwater shrimp, Caridina sp. with two different feeding rates including 5% (T1) and 7% (T2) of the total weight, respectively. The mean initial weight of the fish was 41 ± 3.85 g. The survival and absolute growth rate of T1 were highest (29.9±6.38 g, 78± 11%), but it is not significantly different (p0.05). The average relative growth rate of T1 is also highest (76.28±18.61%) and significantly different (p0.05). The growth pattern of the fish at the beginning of the study was negative allometric (0.54), which was low correlated (0.03), and at the end became positive allometric (4.17), which was moderately correlated (0.66). The highest condition factor was T2 (0.78±0.03) and had a significant effect (p0.05). Caridina sp. has a good impact on the first generation of giant featherback weight growth compared to other treatments in this study.Keywords:CultivationFeeding rateGiant featherbackCaridina sp.Rasbora sp.

Utilizing rGH + Spirulina in Fish Feed to Enhance The Growth and Pigmentation of Betta Fish (Betta, spp.)

This study aims to evaluate the effect of the addition of growth hormone (rGH) and spirulina flour on the performance of absolute weight growth, survival, feed efficiency, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of cupang fish (Betta spp.). This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments with three replications, i.e., A) Dose of growth hormone 1.5 mg+3 g spirulina flour; B) Dose of growth hormone 2 mg+3g spirulina flour; C) Dose of growth hormone 2.5+3 g spirulina flour; D) Control (no treatment). The results showed that the addition of growth hormone (rGH) and spirulina to commercial feed affected absolute weight growth of 2.27 ± 0.90 g. The survival rate was 75.00±1.11 %, the feed efficiency value was 28.98±1.17 %, and the feed conversion ratio was 1.11±0.022. The highest color intensity was found in treatment C with a score of 6.

Protein Hydrolysate from Waste of Catfish Fillet Processing for Snakehead Fish Feed Formulation.

The negative impact of fish processing industry waste needs to be minimized, by processing it into valuable products, one of which is fish feed. The objectives of this research were to determine the optimum dose of crude extract of B. cereus RGL.1.1 enzyme in hydrolyzing protein from the waste of catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) fillet processing and to evaluate the effectiveness of using protein hydrolysate in snakehead fish (Channa striata) feed. There were four doses of enzyme treatment for protein hydrolysis designed in a completely randomized design, namely, 0, 4, 6, and 8% (v/w) with three repetitions. Furthermore, to assess the quality of protein hydrolysate, an analysis of soluble protein level, hydrolysis degree, amino acid content, fatty acid content, and digestibility was carried out. The percentage of protein hydrolysate applied in the feed formula was 0, 15, 30, and 45% (v/w), which was designed in a completely randomized design with three replications. Absolute weight growth, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, feed efficiency, and snakehead fish survival were measured to evaluate the effects of the feed formula. Results showed that the crude extract of B. cereus RGL.1.1 enzymes at a concentration of 6% (v/w) enhanced the availability of soluble proteins, amino acids, fatty acids, and feed digestibility. Protein hydrolysate application in snakehead fish feed formula up to 45% (v/w) can improve the growth performance (8.03%), protein efficiency ratio (25.66%), and feed efficiency (23.41%).

Assessment of the Impact of Investments in Fixed Capital on the Economic Growth of the Northern Regions of the Russian Federation

The purpose of the study. Despite the fact that a significant amount of research work has been accumulated on northern and Arctic topics, there is a lack of relevant research on the relationship between investments in fixed assets and economic growth for the northern regions of the Russian Federation. At the same time, northern regions are a special object of management: the specificity of the North breaks the usual ideas and patterns, making standard approaches to managing economic growth unacceptable or less effective. Currently, in the practice of strategic planning of investment activities in the North, there is a formal approach to the development of relevant documents: investment strategies are not always developed for a long-term period, they are generally not updated, the semantic content remains focused on the existing structure of production, the specifics of investment activity are not sufficiently reflected when setting goals regarding the natural and material characteristics of investment flows. The goal of the paper was to obtain quantitative estimates of the impact of capital investments on the economic growth of the northern region, which will allow a more reasonable approach to determining the values of target indexes and establishing the economic effect of planned investments.Materials and methods. For the northern regions of the Russian Federation, a retrospective analysis of the implementation of the relationship between the level of investment and incremental capital intensity (investment costs per unit of absolute growth in the gross regional product), as well as the level of investment and growth of the gross regional product, was carried out. An analysis of regional panel data from 12 northern regions of the Russian Federation was carried out to determine the influence of resource, investment, and innovation factors on the economic growth of the northern region.Results. High levels of economic dynamics in the northern region can only be achieved with a larger volume of investment compared to other regions of the country. Thus, an increase in gross regional product above 3% in a northern region is usually observed if the level of investment significantly exceeds the Russian average, i.e. is more than 30%. Based on the results of the panel analysis, estimates of the influence of investment and innovation factors on the economic growth of the northern region were obtained: an increase in the level of investment by 10 percentage points corresponds to an increase in the gross regional product of the northern region by 1.1%, an increase in the share of innovative goods, works, services by 10 percentage points corresponds to an increase in the gross regional product by 1.6%, an increase in the share of gross value added by the section of the AllRussian Classifier of Economic Activities “Extraction of Minerals” in the gross regional product by 10 percentage points corresponds to an increase in gross regional product of 6.7%.Conclusion. The economic growth of the northern region is significantly influenced by the degree of concentration of the economy on extraction of minerals. The innovative activity of enterprises and increased investment levels have a positive impact on regional economic dynamics. The positive effect that occurs when the level of investment in neighboring regions increases is also important. The presence of “northern value appreciation” continues to be a feature of investment processes in the North.

Effects of different feeding rate on growth and condition factor of Chitala lopis

Chitala lopis, also known as giant featherback, is a fully protected fish species on Indonesian official list due to the susceptibility to exploitation. Several studies showed that the conservation of aquatic resources, such as giant featherback, could be achieved through the implementation of fish farming practices and optimization of feed use. Therefore, this study aimed to determine effect of different feeding rate on growth pattern, performance, and condition factor of the first generation of giant featherback. The first generation of fish was collected from the natural reproduction of broodstock in the earthen ponds. A total of 5 samples were then randomly divided into three treatment groups and reared in the nine net cages installed in the earthen pond. The stocking density in each group was three fish per cage, and the treatments were carried out in triplicates. Feed given comprised fish bycatch as control (T0) (5% of the total weight) and freshwater shrimp, Caridina sp. with two different feeding rates, namely 5% (T1) and 7% (T2) of the total weight. The mean initial weight of all the samples in this study was 41 ± 3.85 g. The results showed that the highest survival and absolute growth rates (29.9±6.38 g, 78± 11%) were obtained in T1, but were not significantly different (p0.05). Furthermore, the highest average relative growth rate was also found in T1 (76.28±18.61%) and significantly different compared to other treatments (p0.05). Growth pattern of fish at the beginning of the experiment was negative allometric (0.54), showing a low correlation (0.03), but became positive allometric (4.17) at the end, with moderate correlation (0.66). The results also showed that the highest condition factor was obtained in T2 (0.78±0.03), and there was a significant effect (p0.05). Based on the results, Caridina sp. had a positive and significant impact on the weight growth of the first generation of giant featherback compared to other studies.Keywords:CultivationFeeding rateGiant featherbackCaridina sp.Rasbora sp.

Residual Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth Indices of Chickpea under Soybean-Chickpea System in Vertisol of Central India

A field experiment was conducted at ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Regional Station, Bhopal to evaluate the residual effect of the fertilizer with organic manure on the growth indices of chickpea in soybean-chickpea system in Vertisol of central India. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design comprising two levels of farm yard manure (5 t FYM ha-1 or No FYM) in the main plots and six micronutrient management levels (control, 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1, 12.5 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 + zinc solubilizer, ammonium molybdate (AM) 1 g kg-1 seed treatment + 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1, ammonium molybdate (AM) 1 kg ha-1 soil application + 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1, and ammonium molybdate (AM) 1 g kg-1 seed treatment + 0.5% foliar spray of ZnSO4 at 30 and 60 days after sowing) in sub-plots with three replications. The results revealed that the application of 5 t FYM ha-1 resulted in significantly higher values of plant height, dry matter accumulation, branches plant-1, leaf area index, leaf area duration, absolute growth rate, crop growth rate, and relative growth rate than no application of FYM. Furthermore, ammonium molybdate (AM) at 1 kg ha-1 as a basal application with 25 kg ha-1 ZnSO4 significantly improved all the growth parameters, viz. plant height, dry matter accumulation (DMA), branches plant-1, leaf area index, leaf area duration, absolute growth rate, crop growth rate, and relative growth rate over the control, 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 and 12.5 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 + zinc solubilizer. However, it was statistically on par with the AM 1 g kg-1 seed treatment + 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 + 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 and AM 1 g kg-1 seed treatment + 0.5% foliar spray of ZnSO4 with respect to all growth parameters. Thus, the application of farmyard manure 5 t ha-1 with AM at 1 kg ha-1 as a basal application with 25 kg ha-1 ZnSO4 could be used to sustain chickpea production and maintain soil fertility. The results highlight the importance of using plant nutrients from various sources and methods of application for realizing high chickpea productivity.

Study of Aquaculture Water Quality for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Aquaponic System at the Deju Farm Hatchery Unit

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is well known by freshwater fans, both in developing and developed countries. Utilization of space as much as possible can be an effort to increase the productivity of the cultivation activities carried out. The aquaponic system is a combination of aquaculture (fish farming) and hydroponic plant cultivation in one place. The basic principle of aquaponics is that it can be done at the same time by utilizing fish manure and fish food scraps as a source of nutrition for cultivated plants. The purpose of this activity is to provide information about the utilization of the aquaponic cultivation system and its effect on water quality while rearing tilapia is maintained. This research has been carried out at UPR Deju Farm which is located Jl. Mazmu, Indralaya Raya, Kec. Indralaya in October-November 2022. This activity used a comparative experiment consisting of P1 (kale plant), P2 (spinach plant), and P3 (lettuce plant). The results showed that the P1 treatment (kale plant) was the best treatment which produced temperatures ranging from 27-31°C, pH 7-8, dissolved oxygen 2.3 mg L-1, ammonia 0.098-0.290 mg L-1, and salinity 9.29 ppt, absolute length growth was 3.2 cm, absolute weight was 2.1 g, survival was 84%, and kale plant growth was 8.3 cm.

Studies on Influence of Lipo-chito Oligosaccharides, Nano and Water-Soluble Fertilizer on Growth and Growth Parameters of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill

A field experiment was conducted at University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru during kharif 2022 to studies on influence of lipo-chito oligosaccharides, nano and water-soluble fertilizer on growth and growth parameters of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with ten treatments and replicated thrice. The results revealed that application of 75% recommended dose of NP + 100 % K along with soil application of lipo-chito oligosaccharide (LCO) fortified bio-fertilizer @ 10 kg ha-1 + foliar application of 19:19:19 @ 2 % spray at flowering and pod filling stages recorded significantly higher leaf area, leaf area index at 60 DAS (1772 cm2 plant-1 and 4.91 respectively), leaf area duration (57.59 and 81.07 cm2 day-1 at 30-60 DAS and 60 DAS-harvest, respectively), no. of nodules plant at 35 DAS (31.12), total dry matter accumulation (12.74 and 20.05 g plant-1 at 60 DAS and harvest, respectively), absolute growth rate (0.24 and 0.30 g day-1 at 30-60 DAS and 60 DAS-harvest, respectively), crop growth rate (8.15 and 9.21 g cm-2 day-1 at 30-60 DAS and 60 DAS-harvest, respectively) and relative growth rate (0.031 and 0.040 g g day-1 at 30-60 DAS and 60 DAS­­-at harvest, respectively).

Effects of Rearing Structure on The Growth and Survival of Pearl Oysters (Pinctada maxima)

West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) is one of the provinces that cultivates many Pinctada maxima pearl oysters. Seed dispersal is a stage that can influence the growth and activity of pearl oysters because they will be moved from the hatchery to the sea. The use of appropriate containers in pearl oyster seed dispersal very necessary to prevent pearl oysters from being carried away by currents or attaching biofouling as a nuisance to biota. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of rearing containers on the growth and survival of pearl oysters (Pinctada maxima). This research used an experimental method using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments used are different types of keeping containers, namely using traditional containers, pocket baskets, waring baskets and lantern baskets. The results of the research showed that rearing pearl oyster spat (Pinctada maxima) for 60 days in Ekas Bay with the influence of different containers showed that the average absolute length growth obtained was 1.80-3.88 cm, the absolute weight ranged from 12.3 -31.10 g and survival rate 38.86 – 83.30%. The conclusion from this research is that using pocket baskets is better than other containers.