Absolute Dominance Research Articles

Century-Scale Environmental Evolution of a Typical Subtropical Reservoir in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area

As one of the world’s four Greater Bay Areas, the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) faces many environmental challenges along with rapid economic development, causing significant degradation of aquatic ecosystems. However, there is limited knowledge on long-term environmental changes (i.e., >50 years), and restoration of the degraded aquatic ecosystems in the GBA has become increasingly difficult. This study selects a typical inland water body, the Miaotan Reservoir, from Huizhou City in the GBA, to explore long-term changes in water and the eco-environment over the past 70 years and to provide some restoration and management strategies for degrading aquatic ecosystems in the region. We collected a sediment core from the reservoir center and established an age–depth profile by integrating 210Pb and 137Cs dating. We then set up high-resolution diatom community succession stratigraphy and multiple indicators (grain size, element, geochemical and social indicators) as responses to environmental changes in the reservoir. Our results show that significant changes have occurred in the ecosystem and environment of the Miaotan Reservoir and its catchment over the past 70 years. The diatom community underwent a gradual transition from absolute dominance of the mesotrophic species Aulacoseira granulata to dominance of the eutrophic species Nicizschia gracilis, Nicizschia palea and Achanathes sp., indicating the onset of water quality degradation and ecosystem changes in the 1990s due to eutrophication. The RDA (Redundancy analysis) results demonstrate that exogenous pollutant inputs into the Miaotan Reservoir resulting from agricultural activities over the period led to serious environmental changes, e.g., toxic algal bloom and heavy metal pollution. This study enriches our understanding of long-term environmental changes in inland lakes and reservoirs in South China and provides insights into the restoration and management of aquatic ecosystems in the GBA.

Clinical Neuropsychology of Bilingual Mexican American Adults: Effect of Language Proficiency and Dominance.

To assess the association between language proficiency and absolute dominance on language versus visual-perceptual formatted and executive versus delayed memory neuropsychological measures in bilingual adults. Data from 55 bilingual, conversationally fluent, neurologically intact, Mexican American, consecutive, adults tested in separate sessions in Spanish and English in a counterbalanced order were analyzed. Age, years of education, self-reported language proficiency, Woodcock-Muñoz Language Survey-Revised (WMLS-R) picture vocabulary measures of language proficiency, and dominance (absolute Spanish-English WMLS-R difference scores) were correlated with 11 measures from La Batería Neuropsicólogica en Español and its original English language tests. Self-reported and WMLS-R measures of language proficiency were significantly correlated in each language. Absolute language dominance was not significantly associated with any Spanish or English neuropsychological raw score. The WMLS-R language proficiency, but not age or years of education, was significantly correlated with language-formatted neuropsychological measures of California Verbal Learning Test delayed free recall number of words (both languages), letter fluency (both languages), delayed story memory (in English), and Stroop interference (Spanish). Linear regression models using age, years of education, and WMLS-R picture vocabulary scores as predictors were significant for all these measures excepting the last. The WMLS-R language proficiency was not significantly associated with raw scores on any visual-perceptual formatted measure. Monolingual neuropsychological test norms for language-formatted tests likely overestimate bilingual Mexican Americans' performance.

CoqMatrix: Formal matrix library with multiple models in Coq

Matrix theory is an important branch of mathematics with a wide range of applications. Matrix formalization in proof assistants can provide strong support for verifying system behaviors related to matrix operations. The Coq community has proposed at least five formal matrix libraries, although the Coq Standard Library has not implemented them. However, these libraries still fail to meet certain requirements: for one thing, they all implemented relatively limited matrix theories, but none of the libraries has achieved absolute dominance, making it difficult for developers to choose with confidence; and for another, due to the different definitions of the underlying matrix models, the software interfaces in these libraries are also completely different, making it difficult for developers to switch between the libraries. To address these problems, herein we undertake the following. Firstly, we analyze various implementation schemes and provide technical evaluations based on experiments and our experience. This analysis aims to assist developers in making appropriate choices. Secondly, we propose a set of unified hierarchical interfaces for the matrix elements and matrix theory, and implement an open-source multi-model formal matrix library called CoqMatrix that adheres to these interfaces. This implementation helps to decouple the strong connection between the underlying library and the upper-layer application. Moreover, we have constructed bijective conversion functions between different models, establishing connections among these models. In summary, our work offers a novel and effective solution to the challenges of multi-model and multi-application adaptability of formalized matrix theory in Coq.

Functional traits and water-transport strategies of woody species in an insular environment in a tropical forest.

Plants survive in habitats with limited resource availability and contrasting environments by responding to variation in environmental factors through morphophysiological traits related to species performance in different ecosystems. However, how different plant strategies influence the megadiversity of tropical species has remained a knowledge gap. We analyzed variations in 27 morphophysiological traits of leaves and secondary xylem in Erythroxylum pulchrum and Tapirira guianensis, which have the highest absolute dominance in these physiognomies and occur together in areas of restinga and dense ombrophilous forest to infer water-transport strategies of Atlantic Forest woody plants. The two species presented different sets of morphophysiological traits, strategies to avoid embolism and ensure water transport, in different phytophysiognomies. Tapirira guianensis showed possible adaptations influenced by phytophysiognomy, while E. pulchrum showed less variation in the set of characteristics between different phytophysiognomies. Our results provide essential tools to understand how the environment can modulate morphofunctional traits and how each species adjusts differently to adapt to different phytophysiognomies. In this sense, the results for these species reveal new species-specific responses in the tropical forest. Such knowledge is a prerequisite to predict future development of the most vulnerable forests as climate changes.

Non-silicate iron in mineral-associated organic matter of agro-chernozems located on different positions on the slope

Data on total non-silicate iron (Fed) content in mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) of agro-chernozems of different localization on the slope are presented. The distribution of total non-silicate iron in soil profile follows that of organic carbon (OC): the maximum values are confined to the surface horizons, and decrease down the profile. It has been revealed that the change in the content of non-silicate iron in the MAOM of the clay fraction in arable horizons of eroded agro-chernozems is a result of erosion processes, including their intensity, which also depends, among other things, on the slope steepness. A lower slope steepness (4°) contributes to an increase in the organic carbon loading on iron oxides, resulting in an increased in iron desorption capacity, while a higher slope steepness (6°) results in lower iron desorption capacity. The OC/Fed molar ratio is suggested as an additional indicator of the degree of soil erosion. In clay fractions, of both their position in the soil profile and their position on the slope, the predominant mechanism of organic matter stabilization was the formation of organic-iron complexes (OC/Fed > 10). In the Residue fraction of humus horizons, non-silicate iron seems to be presented mainly as iron carbonates (FeCO3), while the proportion of microaggregates (stable under the sonication), where OM is mainly humin, is relatively low against the background of the absolute dominance of primary minerals in this fraction (weight %). Most of the non-silicate iron of mineralassociated OM extracted by dithionite-citrate-hydrocarbonate is localized in the clay fraction – 2/3 or more.

Responses of Ephemeral Plants to Precipitation Changes and Their Effects on Community in Central Asia Cold Desert.

In the context of global climate change, changes in precipitation patterns will have profound effects on desert plants, particularly on shallow-rooted plants, such as ephemeral plants. Therefore, we conducted an experiment on artificial control of precipitation for four dominant ephemeral plants, Erodium oxyrhinchum, Alyssum linifolium, Malcolmia scorpioides, and Hyalea pulchella, in the southern edge of Gurbantunggut Desert. We measured the importance value and some growth parameters of the four species under increased or decreased precipitation and constructed trait correlation networks for each of the four species. We also compared the response of increased or decreased precipitation to vegetation coverage. The results show that drought significantly reduced the survival rate, seed production and weight, and aboveground biomass accumulation of ephemeral plants. The four ephemeral plants showed different tolerance and response strategies to precipitation changes. E. oxyrhinchum and M. scorpioides can avoid drought by accelerating life history, and E. oxyrhinchum, A. linifolium, and H. pulchella can alleviate the negative effects of drought by adjusting leaf traits. However, the response of different species to the wet treatment was not consistent. Based on the results of the trait correlation network, we consider A. linifolium belongs to the ruderal plant, E. oxyrhinchum and M. scorpioides belong to the competitive plants, and H. pulchella belongs to the stress-tolerant plant. The outstanding trait coordination ability of E. oxyrhinchum makes it show absolute dominance in the community. This indicate that ephemeral plants can adapt to precipitation changes to a certain extent, and that distinct competitive advantages in growth or reproduction enabled species coexistence in the same ecological niche. Nevertheless, drought significantly reduces their community cover and the ecological value of ephemeral plants. These findings established the basis to predict vegetation dynamics in arid areas under precipitation changes.

The Changing Role of the US Dollar in the Global Monetary System of a Multipolar World

This research aims to identify possible global monetary system development scenarios in the context of the current United States dollar supremacy.The primary method used is foresight analysis, which is based on a combination of deductive and historical data and trend analyses. The paper outlines the main drivers of potential change and uses them as inputs for scenario analysis. The three considered scenarios are a continuation of the absolute dollar dominance, reduction of the dollar’s power and split of the world economy between multiple currencies, and the emergence of a new single prevalent currency.The main conclusion is that the second multipolar scenario resembles the current dynamics the most and is considered the baseline. However, the answer depends on the forecasting horizon as the scenarios have a certain sequencing. The dollar will probably maintain its supremacy in the short term. Its decline in the mid-term will give rise to a multipolar world, which can then, theoretically, lead to the emergence of a new dominant currency in the long term.The results might be used as a framework for further structured analysis of possible outcomes in this domain.

Corticosteroids for the treatment of respiratory infection by Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children: A cost-utility analysis.

Increasing evidence has demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of corticosteroids in community-acquired pneumonia in children. More economic evaluations incorporating the new evidence and in the pediatric population are needed to know the efficiency of this treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the cost utility of the use of corticosteroids as adjuvant treatment for children with Mycoplasma pneumonia. A decision tree model was used to estimate the cost and quality adjusted life years(QALY) associated with cost-effectiveness as an adjunct treatment for children with Mycoplasma pneumonia with persistent signs after standard treatment with macrolide drugs for ≥1 week. Multiple sensitivity analyses were conducted. The QALYs per person estimated in the model for those treatments were 0.92 with corticosteroids plus antibiotics and 0.91 with antibiotics. The total costs per person were US$965 for corticosteroids plus antibiotics and US$1271 for antibiotics. This position of absolute dominance of corticosteroids plus antibiotics over antibiotics makes it unnecessary to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Corticosteroids are cost-effective as an adjunct treatment for children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with persistent signs after standard treatment with macrolide drugs for ≥1 week. Our evidence should motivate the evaluation of this treatment in other countries.

Tracing the Confucian Merchant Culture in the Spatial Layout of Traditional Commercial and Residential Buildings using Space Syntax

Confucian merchant culture is the mainstream of traditional business culture. Regarding the research on Confucian merchant culture, researchers mostly conduct research from the perspectives of business management methods, business philosophy, and training people in business, emphasizing honest and trustworthy business management behaviour and the moral cultivation of business operators, and lack of research on commercial business sites. As the main type of traditional commercial buildings, Traditional commercial and residential buildings' spatial layout and spatial functions are closely related to the Confucian merchant culture. In particular, Confucianism contained in the Confucian merchant culture considerably impacted the traditional Chinese architectural form due to Confucianism's absolute dominance in traditional Chinese society. Thus, analysing the spatial layout and usage effectively traces the traditional commercial and residential building culture. The main research issues of this paper are the reflection of the spatial configuration on the cultural connotation of Confucian merchants and the characteristics of the deeper social environment and social-cultural system. This study examined a traditional exchange shop in central Shandong as an example. Through the visual analysis and Axial analysis of space syntax, the spatial layout characteristics under the influence of Confucian merchant culture in traditional commercial and residential buildings and the use relationship of different spaces corresponding to different users are investigated. The results showed that under the influence of Confucian merchant culture, the spatial layout and functions of traditional commercial and residential buildings reflect the ritual system and the people-oriented Confucian business philosophy. The concept of hierarchy in Confucian businessman culture has led to the dual-use buildings of commercial and residential buildings, still emphasizing the hierarchical distinction of architectural space. It further reflects the characteristics of unequal distribution of social resources in traditional commercial buildings leading to unequal use of architectural space.

The emergence of an independent Polish state and the problem of national minorities

The main approaches to the regulation of the status of national minorities in the Polish state restored after the First World War were investigated. They were reflected in the relevant provisions of the first Constitution of independent Poland (March 1921), which was a kind of compromise between the views of the Polish right-wing led by Roman Dmowski, who advocated the absolute dominance of ethnic Poles' interests, and the leaders of Polish socialist parties (T. Goluwko, L. Wasilewski), who wanted to support the national and cultural inspirations of minorities in exchange for their loyalty to the Polish state.
 The legal acts used to regulate the situation of national minorities were analysed. Their compliance with the international legal mechanisms for the protection of national minority rights, which began to operate in Europe within the framework of the Versailles-Washington system of international relations, in particular, the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles Minor, was determined. In case of compliance with the proclaimed legal norms, the Polish state had every chance to avoid an open confrontation with representatives of the non-title nation. However, the situation in Poland with regard to national minorities became a classic example of the discrepancy between law-making theory and law enforcement practice.
 It has been proved that due to the lack of mechanisms for monitoring compliance with international norms which were supposed to guarantee the rights of national minorities and imperfections in domestic legislation, the Polish authorities at various levels have repeatedly violated the democratic principles of the March 1921 Constitution and other legal acts designed to ensure equal rights for representatives of national minorities, which, in turn, created constant tension within the Second Polish Republic, destabilising the internal situation in the country.
 This situation was caused by a number of factors: the difficult economic situation, which provoked permanent tensions in society and the Poles' disrespect for members of national minorities. Artificially created borders after the First World War also provoked interethnic conflicts. Finally, it should be considered that the vast majority of Poles were supporters of the concept of the nation-state promoted by the National Democrats, which envisaged the assimilation of national minorities.

Quantitative reconstruction of competing sources reveals spatial heterogeneity and complex aeolian–fluvial interactions in the Horqin Sandy Land, NE China

AbstractThe provenance and aeolian–fluvial interaction are essential for understanding the formation and evolution of sandy land. However, the dune sediment source in the Horqin Sandy Land (HQSL), the largest semi‐stable sandy land in China, has been debated. Here, we collected 900 coarse (i.e., >63 μm) and 750 fine (i.e., <63 μm) detrital zircon (DZ) grains from surface sand in different spatial locations for U–Pb age analysis. The visual comparison largely shows remarkably similar zircon age characteristics throughout the HQSL, and the quantitative results of the inverse Monte Carlo modelling show the primary detrital contribution of the Central Asian orogenic belt (~50.5%–61.3%) to the HQSL. In contrast, the southeast of the HQSL is characterized by the absolute dominance of the North China Craton (~75.8%). The DZ age spectra in the western and northern HQSL are extremely similar but significantly different from the south, indicating the spatial heterogeneity of the HQSL. The DZ ages are largely unaffected by particle size sorting, except in the southeastern HQSL (e.g., the dramatically different detrital contribution of the North China Craton to the fine [52.4%] and coarse fractions [75.8%]). We argue that the aeolian–fluvial interaction and the resulting sedimentary sorting and recycling are responsible for the DZ age characteristics of the HQSL. We confirm that the DZ ages of the HQSL are a faithful record of the tectonic‐magmatic events, for example, the North China Craton massif collision and collusion, the Paleo‐Asian Ocean subduction and closure, the Mongolian‐Okhotsk Ocean plate subduction and the paleo‐Pacific Ocean subduction and retreat. Finally, this study suggests that caution must be exercised in interpreting the paleoclimatic record and the aeolian deposit source investigations due to the spatial heterogeneity and the complex wind‐fluvial interactions in the HQSL.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ТРАЕКТОРИЙ ОДНОДВОРЧЕСКОГО ЗАСЕЛЕНИЯ ПУТИВЛЬСКОГО И ОРЛОВСКОГО УЕЗДОВ

The study is based on the analysis of previously unpublished sources of RGADA, and other narrative sources. In the article researchers from the middle of XVI-th century compared the places of exit of settlers at two service cities that were situated on the Tula defensive system: Oryol and Putivl. In the course of the study, the authors, distributing the exit points of all the service military classes of Putivl and Orel along the trajectories of settlement, established similarities and differences between them. The main difference was that these two counties were located on different river systems (Orel on the Okskaya river system, and Putivl – on the tributaries of the Desna River). This difference imposed its own characteristics on 4 common features between these counties, which the authors identified. The similarity consisted, firstly, in the predominance of the northern Great Russian migration flow. True, it flowed to Oryol from the cities of the Tula defensive line, and to Putivl – from places outside of Moscow. Secondly, in a strong neighborhood trajectory of settlement. Only in Orel it flowed from the advanced cities of the Tula defensive system, and in Putivl – from the northern cities. Thirdly, in the presence of the local population, the descendants of the vyatichi in Orel, and the sevryuki in Putivl. However, given that the last city did not cease to exist, the concentration of the local population within its county was stronger. The main similarity of the studied counties consisted in the methods of settlement, because both in Putivl and in Orel there were all 3 categories of service migrants: unauthorized migrants, resettled people in military service and the local population. As a result, the authors conclude that in Putivl and Orel districts the northern and local trajectories of settlement were the main ones, with the absolute dominance of the first, and the rest were auxiliary. Thus, the slight difference in the geolocation of the studied counties did not cancel the similarity of the general methods and features of the settlement of these areas from the middle of XVI century.

Competitive dual-strain SIS epidemiological models with awareness programs in heterogeneous networks: two modeling approaches.

Epidemic diseases and media campaigns are closely associated with each other. Considering most epidemics have multiple pathogenic strains, in this paper, we take the lead in proposing two multi-strain SIS epidemic models in heterogeneous networks incorporating awareness programs due to media. For the first model, we assume that the transmission rates for strain 1 and strain 2 depend on the level of awareness campaigns. For the second one, we further suppose that awareness divides susceptible population into two different subclasses. After defining the basic reproductive numbers for the whole model and each strain, we obtain the analytical conditions that determine the extinction, coexistence and absolute dominance of two strains. Moreover, we also formulate its optimal control problem and identify an optimal implementation pair of awareness campaigns using optimal control theory. Given the complexity of the second model, we use the numerical simulations to visualize its different types of dynamical behaviors. Through theoretical and numerical analysis of these two models, we discover some new phenomena. For example, during the persistence analysis of the first model, we find that the characteristic polynomials of two boundary equilibria may have a pair of pure imaginary roots, implying that Hopf bifurcation and periodic solutions may appear. Most strikingly, multistability occurs in the second model and the growth rate of awareness programs (triggered by the infection prevalence) has a multistage impact on the final size of two strains. The numerical results suggest that the spread of a two-strain epidemic can be controlled (even be eradicated) by taking the measures of enhancing awareness transmission, reducing memory fading of aware individuals and ensuring high-level influx and rapid growth of awareness programs appropriately.

入關(1644) 이전 淸朝의 와르카 刷還 요구와 조선의 대응

At the end of the 16th century, Nurhaci of the Jianzhou Jurchen began to focus on the Donghai Jurchen of eastern Manchuria for manpower in the Jurchen unification process. At that time, the Jianzhou Jurchen referred to the Jurchen of the Tumen and Ussuri Rivers as Warka among the Donghai Jurchen. Among the Warka, those who lived in Hamgyong Province and the Tumen River area are referred to as Boundary Jurchen (藩胡), and they either lived in the area between Joseon and Manchuria or they came into Joseon and became naturalized. Nurhaci also claimed homogeneity over the Warka based on historical and linguistic affinities with the Donghai Jurchen faction during the conquest of Donghai Jurchen. During the struggle with Bujantai over the Warka, Nurhaci relocated the Warka who lived near Joseon to the center of Jianzhou Jurchen and even asserted a homogeneous initiative over the Warka who entered Joseon's interior. Meanwhile, the Joseon court tacitly agreed to Nurhaci's control of the Warka along the Tumen River, but was not cooperative in its demands for the repatriation of Warka living near Joseon's change. In 1609, the Nurhaci organized large-scale repatriation of the Warka living in the Joseon area, thus establishing their absolute dominance over the numbers in the Tumen River basin. However, Later Jin did not actively demand the repatriation of Warka from the Joseon interior during the Tianming Era(1616-1626), conscious of their concentration on the Donghai Jurchen expedition and their diplomatic isolation. Even during the Tiancong Era(1627-1636), the Hong Taiji period, Later Jin asserted a position of homogeneity and leadership over the Warka in Joseon. In particular, based on establishing a formal relationship with Joseon, Later Jin began to demand the repatriation of Warka in Joseon in the mid-Tiancong Era. At that time, the repatriation demand was carried out by identifying the status of Warka in Joseon based on the testimonies of Warka, who moved from Joseon to Later Jin, compiling a list based on the status, and demanding repatriation from Joseon. Similar to the motivation behind the Donghai Jurchen expedition during the Hong Taiji period, Later Jin's demand for the repatriation of Warka in Joseon during the Tiancong period is thought to have been to fill up a vacancy in the Eight Banners that had arisen during the foreign wars. Demanding the repatriation of Warka may have been a viable option for Later Jin, as it was less burdensome than an expedition. However, Later Jin's information on the Warka in Joseon was very sketchy, so it had to rely on Joseon for specific information on the Warka needed for repatriation. Furthermore, the relationship between Later Jin and Joseon during the Tiancong Era was equal, so Later Jin could not force Joseon to repatriate the Warka. The demand for Joseon's repatriation of Warka resurfaced during the breakdown of Qing-Joseon relations following Hong Taiji's ascension to the emperorship. Hong Taiji cited Joseon's lack of Warka repatriation as the reason for the relationship breakdown. Eventually, after the 1637 Qing Invasion of Joseon(丙子胡亂), the Qing explicitly imposed an obligation on Joseon to repatriate Warka due to its superiority in the relationship. In response, Joseon sporadically repatriated Warka, which continued until Emperor Shunzhi exempted Warka from repatriation after the Qing entered the Shanhai Pass(入關) in 1644. Regarding the Warka repatriation obligation imposed on Joseon in the Chongde era, this article focuses on the case of the Kang Ch'undang(姜春堂) family, the first Warka repatriation case in the Chongde era. After the 1637 Qing Invasion of Joseon, The Joseon Court understood that among the naturalized Warka(向化人), those who had naturalized themselves (起身向化) would be repatriated to Qing. In 1638, However, Qing demanded the repatriation of the Kang Ch'undang family, most of whom had been naturalized more than three generations earlier.

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE LEADERSHIP STYLES OF ICE HOCKEY ACADEMY COACHES

Leadership style is an essential component of the effectiveness of the coach's work. There are three styles of coaches generally accepted in sports: dictatorial, democratic and negligent. Each of these styles has its own advantages and disadvantages, which is why it is important to understand each of them. Purpose of the study.The purpose of this research was to determine, by means of an applied questionnaire, to what extent coaches use leadership styles and their impact within a sports organization. Methods and means. To carry out this study, the questionnaire-based survey method was used - The Coaches' Interpersonal Style Questionnaire (Pulido et al., 2018). It included 10 questions with reference to the leadership style of the coaches. The questionnaire measured 3 forms of leadership style – democratic, authoritarian and negligent. The collected data were measured using a 5-item Likert scale represented by the numbers 1 – never, and 5 – frequently/always. Results. The comparative graphic clearly shows an absolute dominance of the democratic style in each center, in the dictatorial style there is a predominantly significant difference between clubs, and the negligent style is used less often or never. Conclusions. In general, the coaches have understood the modern trends and that is why the democratic leadership style prevails, managing to involve even very young athletes in decision-making, which also implies responsibility for both parties.

NUMBER AND ETHNIC COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION OF THE KOLONTAI DISTRICT OF THE KHARKIV DISTRICT (ACCORDING TO THE CENSUS OF THE 1926 POPULATION CENSUS)

Based on the analysis of statistical materials of the 1926 census, a study of the population and ethnic composition of the population of the Kolontaiv district of the Kharkiv district was conducted. The number and ethnic composition of the population of each of the 10 village councils of this district have been determined. The population in 1926 of each of the 31 settlements of the district, the average population of one village council, one rural settlement and one rural household were determined. It has been proved that the key feature of the population of Kolontaiv district and all its 10 village councils remained its ethnic homogeneity - absolute dominance in the number of Ukrainians against the background of minimal territorial representation of ethnic minorities dispersed.

Maternal dominance of intergeneric hybridization between Lycoris and Clivia

Distant hybridization can expand genetic variations and is widely applied in plant breeding. Lycoris has high economic value, but the ornamental period is short. To prolong the florescence and leaf period of Lycoris, intergeneric hybridization between Lycoris and Clivia was conducted. The offspring bloomed 7–8 years after sowing. The characteristics of the offspring were observed from three dimensions: annual growth rhythm, morphological feature, and foliage anatomy structure. The hybrids were similar to the maternal plants (L. haywardii) with some variation, but did not show any paternal (C. nobilis) characteristics. The hybrid was identified by molecular marker, only a few paternal bands were amplified. The intergeneric hybrid exhibited absolute unilateral parent dominance that was few reported. This study offers innovative insight into the characteristics of distant hybrids.

Determination of phytoplankton community structure and biomass with HPLC-CHEMTAX and microscopic methods during winter and summer in the Qinzhou Bay of the Beibu Gulf

The Qinzhou Bay, a typical semi-enclosed bay, is facing environmental pressure from local fast-growing industrial and aquacultural development. Dominant species of phytoplankton community (based on microscopic examination) show a trend of miniaturization, while pico-phytoplankton (based on CHEMTAX analysis) is widely distributed in Qinzhou Bay. However, most previous investigations of phytoplankton community based on microscopic method that undetected small-sized cell (< 3 μm), and limited by scarce studies on CHEMTAX analysis, the long-term dynamic data of small-size phytoplankton are lacking in Qinzhou Bay. It is recognized that combining microscopic examination with CHEMTAX analysis could provide a good taxonomic reliability for large cells and valuable information about small-size groups. In this study, microscopic examination and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)-CHEMTAX analysis were employed to characterize the spatiotemporal variability of the phytoplankton community structure in Qinzhou Bay in winter and summer of 2021. The results of microscopic observations showed that the phytoplankton community was characterized by diatoms and dinoflagellates mainly. Diatoms dominated in both seasons, of which Skeletonema costatum bloom occurred in the summer. CHEMTAX analysis not only agreed well with microscopy data for diatoms and dinoflagellates, but also helped identification of other small-sized flagellates and cyanobacteria that hard to observe by microscope. The results of CHEMTAX analysis found that diatoms, prasinophytes and cryptophytes co-dominated the total chlorophyll a in winter while diatoms became the dominant group in summer. In addition, our results indicate that the proportion of small-sized flagellates has increased in the past decade in Qinzhou Bay, especially for cryptophytes. Temperature, nutrient availability, and selective grazing of oyster affected the succession of phytoplankton community from co-dominance of diatoms and flagellates in winter to absolute diatoms dominance in summer. The distribution of prasinophytes and cryptophytes on a spatial scale were related to the location of shellfish culture area and estuary, respectively, rather than by nutrients. Eutrophication, selective grazing of oyster and warming were the driving factors of long-term changes in phytoplankton composition in Qinzhou Bay. This study enhanced our understanding of entire phytoplankton community dynamics and its relationship with environmental factors in Qinzhou Bay.

Spanish research on Communication in WoS: thematic, methodological, and intellectual comparison between SSCI and ESCI

This study analyses the thematic and conceptual structure of the Spanish scientific production published in Emerging Sources Citation Index (Web of Science) journals. In this way, the aim is to identify the closest links between concepts and terms based on the co-occurrence of keywords used by the authors of the papers analysed, and also to point out the theoretical foundations that exist in the discipline through the co-citation relationships of articles in the bibliography of the documents in the sample. Finally, these results were compared with those obtained from the analysis of Spanish scientific production in Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). To achieve these objectives, a network analysis of the co-occurrence of keywords and co-citation of references in articles published in Communication journals between 2015 and 2021 in ESCI (N = 3,559) and SSCI (N = 1,738) with at least one author linked to a Spanish institution was carried out. The results point to similar structural cohesion values and to a thematic and methodological similarity between both sets observed. There is a marked tendency towards quantitative studies on new technologies. While in SSCI there is an almost absolute dominance of Journalism studies, in ESCI there is a greater diversity of other disciplines such as Audiovisual Communication or Advertising. However, the intellectual structure of the production in SSCI reflects a more specialised character than in ESCI.

HERBAL SPECIES DIVERSITY IN PUTROE ALOEH TOURISM AREA, JEUMPA DISTRICT, SOUTHWEST ACEH REGENCY

The presence of vegetation in an area will positively impact the balance of the ecosystem on a broader scale. Herbs play an important role in maintaining vegetation conditions and cycling of plant growth in an area. The study aimed to determine the composition of vegetation, important values , and diversity index (Ĥ) of herbs in the Putroe Aloeh Tourism Area, Jeumpa District, and Southwest Aceh District. The method used is the observation method with the subjective determination of stations and plots using the quadratic method. Research stations as many as seven include; the downstreams left side of the river, the downstream right side of the river, the left middle side of the river, the middle right side, of the river the upstream left side of the river, the upstream right side of the river, and the surrounding forest. Each station is placed in 10 square plots measuring 2 x 2 m. Parameters observed include; absolute density (KM) of species, absolute frequency (FM) of species, and absolute dominance (DM) of species. Data analysis included the Important Value (IV) of species’ Important Value (IV) y Index (Ĥ). Based on the research results, it is known that there are 50 herb species consisting of 26 families. The dominating family is Asteraceae (20%). The species with the highest category of importance value was Selaginella doederleinii (IV = 48.48), while the species with the lowest category were Emilia sonchifolia and Cyperus strigosus (IV = 0.16). The diversity index of herbaceous species at the study site was medium (Ĥ= 2.43).