Absolute Control Research Articles

Task-Based Compliance Control for Bottle Screw Manipulation With a Dual-Arm Robot

In this paper, a novel task-based compliance control approach for a dual-arm robot is presented with a bottle screw task. The presented approach aims at overcoming uncertainties from the object model and contact forces during the bottle screw task. A novel framework is proposed to synthesize the task motion planning and compliance control that ensure desired performance of both accuracy and compliant motion. The proposed task-based compliance control approach provides a hierarchical strategy: gross motion planning and fine compliance motion planning. The gross motion planning involves the absolute and relative motion control on a macro scale, while the fine compliance motion planning deals with uncertainties by the compliance control to accomplish a task requiring high precision robustly. A theoretical modeling of the bottle screw task is presented within the proposed framework through the analysis of uncertainties and constraints. The experimental results show that the proposed framework is efficient and robust to operate a set of bottles.

Attosecond pulse isolation via intense laser field synthesis

Precisely synthesized driving fields for relativistic laser-plasma interactions are shown, using particle in cell simulations, to allow for the absolute control over the temporal structure, and efficiency, of emitted attosecond pulse trains. Using a two-color driving field with an off-harmonic frequency as the second color exploits the sensitivity of the generation mechanism to the exact waveform seen by the plasma electrons. Fine control over the relative phase between the two colors, combined with the incommensurate nature of the driving field, breaks the symmetry of the input wave and allows for the selective enhancement of individual pulses in the resultant attosecond pulse train. Our results show that, by suppression of the surrounding pulses in the train, it is possible to use this technique to generate a single isolated attosecond pulse without compromising the resultant intensity as is common in other temporal gating schemes and how it can be combined with the noncollinear gating mechanism to further improve pulse isolation. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

System with nano piezoengine under randomly influences for biomechanics

The sufficient condition of absolute stability system with nano piezoengine by using the derivative of the hysteretic piezoengine deformation is determined for the randomly influences. The set of equilibrium positions of the piezoengine in the control system is stable relative to mathematical expectations, when the condition of absolute stability with the maximum piezo module is met. The statistical linearization method is using for the determination condition of absolute stability control system with the nano piezoengine.

Influence of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) Practices on Soil Quality Indicators and Indices Under Cotton (Gossypium Spp.) + Black Gram (Vigna Mungo (L.) Hepper) and Green Gram (Vigna Radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) + Rabi Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) Inter Cropping Systems in Rainfed Vertisols of Western India

ABSTRACT A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of seven predominant integrated nutrient management (INM) practices on soil quality indicators and indices under two inter-cropping systems, namely cotton + black gram and green gram + rabi sorghum, at the All-India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture (AICRPDA), Parbhani Center, located in Central and Western Maharashtra, India. The INM practices include F1: Farmyard Manure (FYM) @ 5 t ha−1; F2: Gliricidia @ 3t ha−1 (semi dried leaves + very soft upper twigs); F3: Recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF); F4: 25% RDF + FYM @ 2.5 t ha−1; F5: 25% RDF + Gliricidia @ 1.5 t ha−1 (semi dried leaves + very soft upper twigs); F6: Control with rotation and F7: Absolute control without rotation. The order of overall performance of the INM treatments, in terms of mean Soil Quality Index (SQI), across both the cropping systems studied was: F1 (2.59) > F4 (2.55) > F5 (2.52) > F2 (2.49) > F3 (2.40) > F6 (2.12) > F7 (2.04). In case of Cotton + black gram system, the predominant soil parameters which emerged as key soil quality indicator, along with their percent contribution toward soil quality index, were: organic C (21%), available Mn (21%), labile C (20%), dehydrogenase activity (DHA) (19%), pH (5%), available S (5%), mean weight diameter of soil aggregates (MWD) (5%) and available K (4%). However, in case of green gram + rabi sorghum system, labile C (24%), available K (23%), available Mn (23%), microbial biomass C (MBC) (21%) and available S (9%) were found to be the key soil quality indicators in the black soil under study. The common indicators for the two cropping systems studied under these Vertisol soils were: available K, available S, available Mn and Labile carbon (LC). Thus, these indicators assume great significance in managing the Vertisol soils under study. The methodology followed and the results of the present study will be immensely useful to different stakeholders in conducting such future studies and managing and improving soil quality under different inter-cropping systems in Vertisols.

Critical Risk Factors of Stakeholder Collaboration Impacting BIM Implementation in High‐Rise Residential Building Projects Under the DBB System: A Delphi Survey

Although the design‐bid‐build (DBB) system has poor stakeholder collaboration due to the separation between architects, engineers, and contractors in its linear process, resulting in longer schedules and cost overruns, DBB remains the most widely used project delivery system due to its benefits, such as higher competition and the owner’s absolute control over the project. Researchers and practitioners expect building information modeling (BIM) implementation to improve stakeholder collaboration due to its potential to bridge the collaboration gap between these stakeholders, ensuring better coordination and motivating cost reduction. However, the fragmented nature of DBB still poses significant challenges to effective stakeholder collaboration, impacting BIM implementation negatively. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify and rank critical risk factors (CRFs) related to stakeholder collaboration impacting BIM implementation in the context of high‐rise residential building projects delivered by DBB. By adopting a Delphi procedure, this study identified such CRFs by triangulating the knowledge from the literature and the experience of an expert panel recruited from the construction industry. Seven CRFs were selected and ranked through three rounds of a Delphi survey. Analysis revealed that the rankings remained unchanged despite the increasing degree of consensus among experts. The highest‐ranking negative CRFs were “Inappropriate mindset of BIM collaboration process,” “Awareness of additional roles and responsibilities,” and “Disconnection in the information flow and BIM process.” A matrix of nine recommended solutions that can be applied across different CRFs was collected from the expert panel to improve the productivity of BIM collaboration under DBB. This study provides an in‐depth understanding of the CRFs of BIM‐based collaboration between stakeholders under a nonintegrated delivery system like DBB. The findings of this study can ensure successful project completion by creating awareness and allowing professionals and researchers to develop practical strategies for delivering BIM‐based DBB projects.

Društvene nauke i nacionalna bezbednost

The contribution of social sciences and humanities to the security of people, society and the state is a little studied topic. It goes without saying that every member of society, especially scientists, should contribute to security, primarily through the adoption of an adequate security culture, knowledge and will (to defend the state) that they possess, which presupposes their knowledge of the legal frameworks that regulate this field. The problem of the contribution of social sciences and humanities to national security arose due to uncritical reforms of these fields initiated by Western power centres. The evaluation of scientific works and the actions of scientists is extremely important for the state and requires an organized system, otherwise it can be a significant source of endangering national security. In this paper, the authors analyse the importance attached to social sciences and humanities as well as their evaluation in society. Special importance is given to their study from the aspect of national security. The basic assumption that guides the authors is that insufficient control of science by the state contributes to endangering national security. This does not mean censorship and absolute control at the same time, but the creation of an orderly system within which the authors will be able to strengthen the national and democratic capacities of the state through their work, and not be abused for the sake of its destabilization, which is especially important in crisis areas. At the same time, the problem of insufficient evaluation of the importance of social sciences and humanities in relation to other sciences is highlighted. There is also a crisis of reviewing scientific papers which is resulted by the introduction of ideological criteria for the publication of articles. Thus, when the reviewer determines that the author is from Russia or Serbia, the next question is whether the author considers Crimea to be Russian or Ukrainian, or, whether Kosmet is an independent state or part of Serbia. The attitude of the reviewer depends on the answer. In order to advance in their professions, they need to be published in journals of high categories, most of which are in the West. This again leads to the resolution and declaration of sensitive issues, where papers are immediately disqualified if they do not agree with an accepted ideological matrix. The authors use the method of content analysis and the comparative method in their paper.

Analysis of peri-implant bone tissue between hydrophilic and rough implant surfaces in spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with losartan.

to evaluate the morphological and functional characteristics of the peri-implant bone tissue that was formed during the healing process by the placement implants using two different surface treatments: hydrophilic Acqua™ (ACQ) and rough NeoPoros™ (NEO), in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive rats (Wistar) whether or not treated with losartan. In total, 96 male rats (48 Wistar and 48 SHR) were divided into eight subgroups: absolute control rough (COA NEO), absolute control hydrophilic (COA ACQ), losartan control rough (COL NEO), losartan control hydrophilic (COL ACQ), SHR absolute rough (SHR NEO), SHR absolute hydrophilic (SHR ACQ), SHR losartan rough (SHRL NEO), and SHR losartan hydrophilic (SHRL ACQ). The rats medicated with losartan received daily doses of the medication. NeoPoros™ and Acqua™ implants were installed in the tibiae of the rats. After 14 and 42 days of the surgery, the fluorochromes calcein and alizarin were injected in the rats. The animals were euthanized 67 days after treatment. The collected samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, biomechanics, microcomputerized tomography, and laser confocal scanning microscopy analysis. The osteocalcin (OC) and vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) proteins had moderate expression in the SHRL ACQ subgroup. The same subgroup also had the highest implant removal torque. Regarding microarchitectural characteristics, a greater number of trabeculae was noted in the control animals that were treated with losartan. In the bone mineralization activity, it was observed that the Acqua™ surface triggered higher values of MAR (mineral apposition rate) in the COA, COL, and SHRL groups (p<0.05). the two implant surface types showed similar responses regarding the characteristics of the peri-implant bone tissue, even though the ACQ surface seems to improve the early stages of osseointegration.

Seleção de isolados bacterianos antagonistas e supressores de brusone em plantas de arroz

ABSTRACT Grain yields of rice (Oryza sativa) are affected globally by rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae). The main objective of this study was to identify isolates of rhizobacterial antagonists of M. oryzae (BRM10781) and screen the most effective isolates for suppressing rice blast under greenhouse conditions. Two assays (E1 and E2) were performed with 22 treatments in a completely randomized design with three replicates. E1 investigated in vitro antagonism between 21 isolates and M. oryzae under laboratory conditions. The E2 experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions, with rice cultivar BRS Primavera seeds in plastic trays containing 3 kg of fertilized soil. After 21 days, the rice leaves were spray-inoculated with a bacterial cell suspension (1 × 108 CFU) and M. oryzae (3 × 105 conidia.mL-1) or with water (absolute control). Seven isolates, Serratia marcescens (BRM65918, BRM65923, BRM65926, and BRM63532), Bacillus cereus (BRM65919), Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens (BRM65917), and Priestia megaterium (BRM65929), reduced radial growth of M. oryzae colonies from 80.26 to 77.33%. The best leaf blast severity reducers were Pseudomonas nitroreducens (BRM32112), B. thuringiensis (BRM65928), P. megaterium (BRM65916), S. marcescens (BRM65918), S. nematodiphila (BRM63522), and Enterobacter hormaechei (BRM65925), varying from 97 to 95% respectively. The isolate BRM65918 (S. marcescens) showed the best efficiency for both antagonism and disease suppression, indicating its potential as a bioproduct for the biocontrol of rice blast in rice plants.

Absolute control over the quantum yield of a photodissociation reaction mediated by nonadiabatic couplings.

Control of molecular reaction dynamics with laser pulses has been developed in the last decades. Among the different magnitudes whose control has been actively pursued, the branching ratio between different product channels constitutes the clearest signature of quantum control. In polyatomic molecules, the dynamics in the excited state is quagmired by non-adiabatic couplings, which are not directly affected by the laser, making control over the branching ratio a very demanding challenge. Here we present a control scheme for the CH3I photodissociation in the A band, that modifies the quantum yield of the two fragmentation channels of the process. The scheme relies on the optimized preparation of an initial superposition of vibrational states in the ground potential, which further interfere upon the excitation with a broad pump pulse. This interference can suppress any of the channels, regardless of its dominance, and can be achieved over the whole spectral range of the A band. Furthermore, it can be accomplished without strong fields or direct intervention during the dynamics in the excited states: the whole control is predetermined from the outset. The present work thus opens the possibility of extensive and universal control of the channel branching ratio in complex photodissociation processes.

РЕФОРМИ БАНКІВСЬКОГО СЕКТОРУ В СИСТЕМІ МОНЕТАРНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ

In the article the efficiency of implementation of reforms in the banking sector in the conditions of crisis is analysed. An analytical study of the implemented measures of reforming the banking sector as a significant component of the country's monetary policy system has been carried out. It is indicated that the banking sector, as the main regulator of the country's monetary policy, keeps the most important blocks of the financial system of the state under absolute control. But at present, the country's economic sector and its banking sector in particular is facing serious threats that require concrete proposals to resolve them. It is specified that the issues of determining the factors and factors that support the country's economy and the search for effective reforms of the banking sector in the monetary policy system are becoming particularly relevant. It is stated that banking crises are an indicator of instability and devaluation of the economy. To avoid their recurrence or mitigate their negative impact, government regulators should develop a mechanism that would strengthen prudential requirements for market participants – financial companies. It is noted that after the reforms of the banking sector of Ukraine in the field of corporate lending in 2016–2017, banks became more willing to provide loans for small amounts, and consequently, the concentration of the loan portfolio decreased. It is noted that the implemented reforms have encouraged banks to pay more attention to the financial condition of debtors, which has allowed to expand access to credit for financially stable clients. It is emphasised that banking sector reform should be the highest priority of the monetary policy system if the country intends to improve and realise its economic growth potential in the coming years. It is concluded that reformation efforts should be aimed at strengthening the supervisory structure, enhancing prudential requirements, increasing transparency of banking operations, management and financial reporting, as well as facilitating the consolidation of fragmented private banks and equalising of the playing field between private and state-owned banks, in particular, given the dominant position of the National Bank and the full guarantee of household deposits in private banks.

Impact of seed treatment with Biofertilizers on the growth and yield attributing parameters of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L)

The present investigation was conducted during Rabi season in the year (2022-2023) at post graduate Central Research Farm, Department of Genetics and plant Breeding, Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, PRAYAGRAJ211007 (U.P) with goal to Impact of seed treatment with Biofertilizers on the growth and yield attributing parameters of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L).” Replicated thrice the experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 12 +1 treatments viz, T0: absolute control, T1: Rhizobium @ 2%, T2: PSB @ 2%, T3: Azatobactor@ 2%, T4: Trichoderma @ 2%, T5: Rhizobium @ 4%, T6: PSB @ 4%, T7: Azatobactor @ 4%, T8: Trichoderma @ 4%, T9: Rhizobium @ 6%, T10: PSB@ 6%, T11: Azatobactor @ 6%, T12: Trichoderma @ 6% duration for a respective treatment is 7, 8 &amp; 12 hrs. The results showed that methods of biofertilizer application through seed coating along with T2: PSB @ 2% treatment T2 proved its superiority over rest of treatments on growth and seed yield parameter characters. The results revealed that treatment T2: PSB @ 1% for 7 hrs seed application with recorded maximum Plant height (cm) at 90DAS, Days to 50 percent flowering, Days to Maturity, and Number of capsules per plant, Number of seeds per capsule as well as noticed, Seed yield/plot (kg), of linseed. Further, results indicated that 1000 seed weight (g) were significantly improved with the application of treatment T2. The lowest values related to all parameters were obtained in control plot treatment

Study on the Systematic Evaluation of the Management of Art Societies for Vocational College Students

There are certain issues in the current management of interest-oriented art clubs for college students. For instance, the school exercises absolute control over the management, treating students as mere subjects of management. To address these problems, this paper employs research methods such as literature review, surveys, and interviews. By reviewing literature related to aesthetic education and conducting a questionnaire survey and interviews with members of university art clubs, we aim to gain an understanding of the current situation, identify existing problems, and determine possible reasons for these management issues. Based on the data collected from the survey and interviews, we propose systematic and scientific suggestions for the management of university art clubs. The findings reveal that college students generally express a high level of satisfaction with art clubs or symphony orchestras, and the overall evaluation is positive. However, there are still some issues concerning managerial awareness, teacher allocation and professional competence, management mechanisms, club activity arrangements, as well as funding and manpower investment. Therefore, we recommend enhancing teacher training to improve their professional competence and skills.

EFFICIENCY OF PRE-SOWING APPLICATION OF COMPLEX FERTILIZERS IN TECHNOLOGY OF GROWS OF WINTER WHEAT SOFT

The article presents the results of research on theoretical substantiation and formation of yield and grain quality of winter wheat in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine, depending on the pre–sowing application of a new type of fertilizers with prolonged action in the technology of pre–sowing application of winter wheat. The purpose of the study was to establish the effectiveness of the use of new fertilizers in different formulations, which were applied during the sowing of winter wheat, compared to the absolute control and the option, which was chosen as a production control – with the introduction of nitroamophoska. The research was conducted during 2019/2020–2021/2022 in the scientific laboratories and stationary crop rotation of the department of plant breeding at the VP NUBiP of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station", which is located in the Fastiv district, of the Kyiv region. In the experiments, a high–yielding, medium–early ripening winter wheat variety of MIP Valencia was sown. Sowing was carried out in the second decade of September, the sowing rate was 5 million similar seeds per 1 ha. The predecessor was soybean. The experiment was carried out in quadruplicate. The registered area of the site is 50 m2. To establish the effectiveness of the new types of DoraSOP fertilizers, a two–factor field experiment was conducted: factor A – the type of fertilizers (Actibion, Phos, Elite), factor B – the rate of fertilizer application (80; 100; 120 kg/ha physical weight). As a result of the conducted research, the parameters and regularity of the formation of elements of the crop structure were established. With the introduction of Actibion, Phos, Elite fertilizers in all the years of our research, a greater differentiation of grains in the ear was established compared to absolute control and zonal control. The number of grains in an ear when fertilizers were applied increased by 17–50% compared to the control variant. The mass of grain from an ear in the control version was 0.74 g. In the zonal control version, it was 0.97 g in Actibion 125 versions – 1.29 g; Phos – 1.05–1.11 g; Elite – 1.20 –1.22 g. The weight of 1,000 grains is influenced by the weather conditions of the year and the provision of moisture during the period of formation and pouring of grains. The highest indicators of the mass of 1000 grains were noted in the versions using Dorasop – Actibion fertilizers – 42.4–44.1 g.; Phos – 39.0 – 41.5 g; Elite – 42.5–43.0 g. The highest yield among the studied options was obtained in the options with Actibion application, and was 6.51–6.79; Elite – 6.24–6.58; Phos – 5.11–5.56 t/ha, yield in control – 3.17, production control – 4.88 t/ha. The use of fertilizers had a positive effect on the formation of quality indicators of wheat grain. The protein content in grain when Actibion fertilizers were used increased to 13.6–13.8%, in the control variant – 11.1%, and in the production control – 13.5%. The application of Elite provided a protein content of 13.5 to 13.7%. The maximum indicators of crude gluten content were noted in variants with the use of Actibion fertilizers of 23.6 – 24.6%, slightly lower indicators were formed when using Elite – 23.6 – 24%, production control formed indicators of crude gluten at the level of 24.3%, which corresponds to the 2nd quality class. Variants using Phos post–sowing fertilizer – 19.4 – 20.0%, respectively, 3rd quality class. Even lower indicators of the amount of gluten were in the control version without application of post–sowing fertilizer – 17.5%. Conducted complex studies of DoraSOP fertilizers on winter wheat crops, made it possible to draw conclusions about the high efficiency of fertilizers. Fertilizers have a prolonged effect, are characterized by a low rate of application, surpass the production control, which was significantly higher in terms of the total application of the active substance of macroelements. The effectiveness of all types of fertilizers depends significantly on weather conditions, in particular the amount of precipitation.

Embebição e germinação de sementes de chincuya (Annona purpurea Moc e Sessé Dunal) sob efeito de ácido giberélico e pH da água em imersão

Abstract: Germination is influenced by several factors, among them pH. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of imbibition-water pH on the water absorption curve of chincuya seeds and germination. The results were contrasted to the known effect of gibberellic acid imbibition. In the first year of fruit collection and evaluation, imbibition curves were constructed per treatment. The seeds of this evaluation were divided into two lots: the first at the initial moisture content (39.9 %) and the second at the moisture content of 34.1 % after three days of drying in the laboratory. The seeds were imbibed for 84 h in distilled water at three pH levels (5, 7, and 9) and kept in a water bath at 30 °C. In the second year of collection and evaluation, the pH treatments were repeated, and an imbibition treatment with gibberellic acid at 350 mg L-1 (pH 3.9) was added. A control treatment contained distilled water at pH 6.1. For both years, treated seeds were incubated on paper towels and placed under controlled conditions at a 12-hour photoperiod and alternating day and night temperatures (30 °C:25 °C). The three imbibition curves showed similar behavior and no statistical significance. Seeds with a higher moisture content did not gain weight after imbibition. The imbibition curves increased constantly in the seeds at 34.1 % moisture, and weight gain reached almost 46 % with the pH 9 treatment. However, there were no statistical differences among treatments. The highest rate of water absorption occurred in the first six hours in the open-air, dehydrated seeds, and after 72 hours, the weight of the seeds did not increase. Average daily germination kinetics indicated a slow and poor germination process. Gibberellic acid significantly promoted germination, causing 43 % germination. The absolute control reached 5.7 %, while the rest of the treatments did not promote germination.

Helically twisted nanoribbons via stereospecific annulative π-extension reaction employing [7]helicene as a molecular wrench.

Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in synthesizing atomically precise carbon nanostructures, particularly graphene nanoribbons (NRs), employing advanced synthetic methodologies. Despite these advancements, achieving control over the stereochemistry of twisted NRs has proven to be a formidable challenge. This manuscript presents a strategic approach to achieve absolute control over the single-handed helical conformation in a cove-edged NR. This strategy leverages enantiopure helicenes as a molecular wrench, intricately influencing the overall conformation of the NR. [7]helicenes stitched to the terminal K-regions of a conjugated pyrene NR through a stereospecific annulative π-extension reaction to produce a helically twisted NR with an end-to-end twist of 171°. Furthermore, a detailed investigation of the impact of twisting on the conformational population was studied by quantum chemical calculations.

중국법상 계열회사와 기업집단의 입법문제와 한국 경험의 의의

This article fist describes the relevant legal provisions on associated enterprises and enterprise groups in China, and discusses the application of associated enterprises, related relationships and enterprise groups in Chinese judicial practice. It then describes the Koreas experience, describing the designation of the same person system in the Monopoly Regulation and Fair-Trade Act of Korea and the regulation of enterprise groups through the regulation of circular and sequential capital contributions. Finally, the authorʼs opinion is given as to whether the Korean experience can be of relevance to China. Chinese enterprise groups have seen extremely rapid growth in recent decades, with the Chinese government developing its economy, controlling peopleʼs livelihoods and entering the international market through large enterprise groups. Chinses enterprise groups, especially state-owned enterprise groups, are basically formed by the government based on various needs and through administrative orders, and they have entered the market without any validation of rationality. Examining the legislation related to enterprise groups in China, it can be seen that the regulation of affiliated enterprises and related relationships in Chinese law is only for the purpose of regulating the internal governance structure of companies and tax collection, rather than for the purpose of planning the economic structure of the country and regulating monopolies. Chinaʼs enterprise groups have formed a huge enterprise system through economic ties and administrative orders, and this system will naturally have corresponding disadvantages in the process of development. However, at present, China only supports and promotes the rapid development of enterprise groups, and does not see a position to regulate them. In the South Korea, over the past few decades, family enterprise has formed large conglomerates through related enterprise and circular capital contribution, and such businesses have shaped the countryʼs economic development model. The shortcomings of Korean family enterprise were exposed in the 1997 economic crisis. Individual families at the top of such enterprises control the entire conglomerates with only a small number of shares, creating a minority shareholding system that has even shaped the countryʼs economy. In response to the shortcomings of this economic model, the Korean government established a regulatory system represented by the Monopoly Regulation and Fair-Trade Act, which is a system of designating the same person, i.e., family that controls a enterprise group with assets exceeding 5 trillion won, the Fair Trade Commission establishes and publishes a catalog of enterprise groups belonging to the same person. The enterprise groups designated as the same person are required to fulfill various reporting and submission obligation to prevent the special relations of the enterprise groups form seeking or obtaining undue benefits through the exercise of actual influence. This system has regulated the development of large Korean enterprise groups. Korean enterprise groups and Chinses enterprise groups are extremely similar in terms of corporate governance structure, especially in that the controlling shareholders have a stable position and exercise control over the enterprise largely unencumbered by external constraints, which in turn results in the controlling shareholders being arbitrary and domineering, which is almost entirely similar. The difference is that the controlling shareholder of Chinses state-owned enterprise groups is the government, while the controlling shareholder of Korean enterprise groups is the family. But the same is that, in the situation of controlling shareholders absolute control of the enterprise groups, if there is no constraint mechanism to restrain the controllers of the enterprise groups unilaterally expand the scale of the enterprise,

Effect of halophilic bacteria as a sustainable strategy to reduce soil salinity in raspberry (Rubus idaeus) cultivation

The raspberry (Rubus idaeus) is the main crop of Jocotepec municipality, being dedicated to protected agriculture, chemical fertilization causes soil salinization, which results in the crop´s not developing its maximum potential. To evaluate the effect of halophilic bacteria as a sustainable strategy to reduce soil salinity in raspberry cultivation, the present research assessed a production unit located at the Jocotepec Municipality, Jalisco state, Mexico. The evaluated halophilic bacteria treatments were doses of 7 L/ha, 5 L/ha, and 3 L/ha plus an absolute control, on three intervals - of 15 days application in saturated furrow irrigation. The assessed soil variables were pH and EC; in the plants: plant height, number of loaders, stem diameter, and number of boxes produced. The evaluation of the effect of halophilic bacteria on the quantitative variables was carried out with an ANOVA in the SAS® Studio 2023 software, in a completely randomized block design, after complying with normality of residuals and homogeneity of variances assumptions associated with the Tukey means comparison statistical test (p &lt; 0.05). The results show a direct effect of the halophilic bacteria dosage on the soil EC decrease, from 2.35 ds/m (Control) to 1.81 ds/m (Dose 5 L/ha), values equivalent to light salinity (&lt; 2 ds/m). Regarding the agronomic variables, improvements were evident in the evaluated characteristics.

Organic extracts for fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) control in native corn (Zea mayz L.)

Objective: Determine the incidence of fall armyworm in corn plots and evaluate the insecticidal effect of garlic extract and rue essential oil and understand their phytochemistry. Design/methodology/approach: The fall armyworm incidence was determined through the “five of golds” systematic sampling, composed of 20 plants per sampling point (100 plants in each plot). This assessment was conducted in 15 plots of native corn in the municipality of Cherán, Michoacán. Control bioassays were also tested, in the laboratory and field; where rue essential oil, garlic extract, cypermethrin, and an absolute control (water) were evaluated. Results: The highest fall armyworm incidence (18%) occurred in a corn plot at Andasticua. In the laboratory, cypermethrin induced the highest fall armyworm mortality (100%), followed by rue essential oil (83%). In the field, both the insecticide and the rue essential oil reduced lepidopteran incidence. The main component of the essential R. graveolens oil is the semivolatyl cinnamoyl chromen (IUPAC name: 2-(3-phenylprop-2-enoyl)chromen-4-one). Limitations of the study/implications: The present research has no major limitations. Findings/conclusions: Both products, cypermethrin, and rue essential oil, effectively control fall armyworms in the laboratory and the field environments.

Phytopathogenic fungi associated with blueberry dieback (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) pruning and sealing management

Objective: Identify the phytopathogenic fungi related to the downward death of blueberry, verify their pathogenicity, their incidence after pruning and the type of sealing.&#x0D; Design/methodology/approach: For this, samples of symptomatic stems and branches were collected in eight commercial blueberry lots in the municipalities of Ahome, El Fuerte and Guasave in the state of Sinaloa, of which 196 fungal isolates were obtained, which were morphologically identified; to subsequently perform pathogenicity tests on detached leaf and bilox rods; Likewise, 2 pruning angles and three sealants were evaluated compared to an absolute control with a completely random arrangement.&#x0D; Results: Based on morphological analysis, the genera were determined: Alternaria, Fusarium, Lasiodiplodia, Pestalotia and Curvularia, however, only the isolates of Lasiodiplodia were pathogenic in leaves and rods, while the best result is achieved with the angle of pruning 45º and sealing with vinyl paint type washable plastic plus copper oxychloride.&#x0D; Limitations on study/implications: There were no limitations.&#x0D; Findings/conclusions: The results achieved open new lines of research related to the molecular identification and impact of the disease on performance

Use of endophytic microorganisms for the management of Tomato brown rugose fruit virus in tomato crop (Solamun lycopersicum)

The Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is one of the main pathogens affecting tomato crops in Mexico. Despite efforts to prevent its spread, it is nearly impossible due to its low transmission percentage through seeds and its high susceptibility to being transmitted through cultural practices. Therefore, alternative management strategies are being sought. This research aimed to determine the effect of endophytic microorganisms applied to the soil on tomato plants infected with ToBRFV. A tomato plant was used as an experimental unit, with 13 repetitions per treatment. The treatments on tomato plants infected with ToBRFV were Beauveria peruviencis, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Pseudomonas sp. And water as a sick witness; a treatment of healthy plants treated with water was also included as an absolute control. The response variables were plant height, fresh weight of the aerial part and root and severity (two evaluations). Measurements were analyzed using Tukey-Kramer HSD tests for each pair. Significant differences were found Beauveria peruviencis, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Pseudomonas sp. and water as a sick witness. The treatment that most favored the development of infected plants (79% taller and 15% heavier than infected mock) and reduced its severity was B. peruviensis, followed by Pseudomonas sp. On the other hand, the treatment that resulted in the least plant development (31% smaller than infected mock) and even increased the severity of the infection was T. longibrachiatum.