Absolute Control Research Articles

Limestone and yellow gypsum can reduce cadmium accumulation in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea): A study from a three-decade old landfill site

Cadmium (Cd) toxicity has cropped up as an important menace in the soil-plant system. The use of industrial by-products to immobilise Cd in situ in polluted soils is an interesting remediation strategy. In the current investigation, two immobilizing amendments of Cd viz., Limestone (traditionally used) and Yellow gypsum (industrial by-product) have been used through a green-house pot culture experiment. Soil samples were collected from four locations based on four graded levels of DTPA extractable Cd as Site 1 (0.43 mg kg−1), Site 2 (0.92 mg kg−1), Site 3 (1.77 mg kg−1) and Site 4 (4.48 mg kg−1). The experiment was laid out in a thrice replicated Factorial Complete Randomized Design, with one factor as limestone (0, 250, 500 mg kg−1) and the other being yellow gypsum (0, 250, 500 mg kg−1) on the collected soils and groundnut was grown as a test crop. Results revealed that the DTPA-extractable Cd content in soil and Cd concentration in plants decreased significantly with the increasing doses of amendments irrespective of initial soil available Cd and types of amendment used. The effect of amendment was soil specific and in case of Site 1 (low initial Cd) the effect was more prominent. The reduction in DTPA-extractable Cd in combined application of limestone and yellow gypsum @500 mg kg−1 over the absolute control in soil under groundnut for the sites was by far the highest with the values of 83.72%, 77.17%, 48.59% and 40.63% respectively. With the combined application, Target Cancer Risk (TCR) of Cd was also reduced. Hence, combined application of limestone and yellow gypsum can be beneficial in the long run for mitigating Cd pollution.

Ocular Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid: The Effect of Risk Factors at Presentation on Treatment Outcomes

PurposeAnalyze the influence of risk factors at presentation in the long-term immunosuppressive therapy (IMT) outcomes of ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid (OMMP). DesignRetrospective multicenter study. ParticipantsOMMP patients seen at Duke Eye Center, Tecnologico de Monterrey, and Hospital Clinic of Barcelona from 1990–2022. MethodsData at presentation on demographics, direct immunofluorescence and ocular findings, extraocular sites of involvement (EOM) and prior treatments, in patients with a clinical and/or laboratory diagnosis of OMMP, were analyzed with multivariable analysis and Kaplan-Meier plots to identify factors associated with adverse outcomes. Main outcome measures(1) inflammatory control (no conjunctival inflammation in both eyes at three months on IMT); (2) relapse (new-onset inflammation after absolute control in either eye); (3) progression (≥1 cicatrizing stage progression in either eye); and (4) vision loss (>2 Snellen lines). Results117 patients (234 eyes), 61% (71/117) women, with a mean age of 66.6 (standard deviation (SD) 12.4, range: 37–97) years and a median follow-up of 34 (interquartile range Q1 16, Q3 66; range: 3–265) months. Inflammatory control was achieved in 57% (67/117) patients, with high-risk EOM (HR-EOM), including esophageal, nasopharyngeal, and/or genital [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 12.51; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.61–59.99; P=0.002] and corneal scarring (aOR 3.06; 95% CI, 1.15–8.14; P=0.025) as significant risk factors for persistent inflammation. Disease relapse, progression, and vision loss occurred in 20% (23/117), 12% (14/117), and 27% (32/117) of patients, respectively. Baseline corneal scarring was a risk factor for relapse [adjusted hazard ratio 4.14; 95% CI, 1.61–10.62; P=0.003], progression (aOR 11.46; 95% CI, 1.78–73.75; P=0.010), and vision loss (aOR 3.51; 95% CI, 1.35–9.10, P=0.010). HR-EOM was associated with stage progression (aOR 34.57; 95% CI, 6.57–181.89; P<0.001) and vision loss (aOR 8.42; 95% CI, 2.50–28.42, P=0.001). There were no significant differences between IMT regimes and relapse (P=0.169). ConclusionsOMMP presenting with HR-EOMs and corneal scarring has an increased risk of stage progression and vision loss. Corneal scarring and severe inflammation at baseline were associated with an increased risk of relapse. A disease progression staging system incorporating both the HR-EOMs and corneal involvement is required to predict the visual outcome of OMMP better.

Research on high precision flow control technology of low speed wind tunnel air supply system

Aiming at the shortcomings of traditional analog control valves and digital valves, a high-pressure air supply system with accurate flow control is designed. Firstly, the ER5000 controller and pilot proportional valve drive several diaphragm reducing valves to achieve the preliminary adjustment of air pressure. Secondly, a needle valve based on the PCM digital valve and equal percentage flow characteristics is used to achieve accurate control of gas flow. Then, the Venturi flow meter with a honeycomb and damping network is used to accurately measure the airflow. Finally, a PID flow control algorithm based on nonlinear self-tuning is proposed. The results show that the flow regulation range of the system reaches 0.1∼8 kg/s, the absolute control accuracy is better than ±3 g/s, and the relative control accuracy is better than ±0.04%. Moreover, the system has the characteristics of short regulation time, small overshoot, and good dynamic performance, which can achieve strong support for wind tunnel air supply tests.

Women’s tendency in work involvement: A study of female labour force in Indonesia

Culture is perceived as the most prominent factor which causes inequality in work involvement, especially in the context of gender. In many cultures, “glass ceiling” of gender bias often makes women less productive than their male counterparts because of their domestic duties. As a matter of fact, Indonesian women have proven their potentials and abilities in boosting the national economy. This study focuses on the effect of domestic duties, wages, and education on women’s participation in the workforce. Using logistic regression and SUSENAS 2018 dataset, this research finds that women with higher education and greater number of children do not get involved in the workforce. This situation is inextricably associated with the predominant patriarchal culture in their domestic lives, in which the husbands assume absolute control, and women’s roles are usually limited to domestic sphere. As is the case of the other workers, women are more engaged in their work when they get higher wages. Women who live in urban areas tend to have opportunities to be economically productive.

Assessing the Productivity of Forage Based Cropping System under Different Farming Practices in the Western Himalayan Region

A field experiment was conducted at CSK Himachal Pradesh, Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Palampur, Department of Organic Agriculture and Natural Farming, College of Agriculture, during 2019-20 to study the effect of conventional, organic and natural farming practices on growth and yield of fodder oat. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications with comprising of 5 farming practices (F0: Absolute control, F1: Organic farming package of practices, F2: Natural farming package of practices (SPNF), F3: 10 t FYM + Natural farming package of practices (SPNF), F4: Recommended fertilizer dose and 3 cropping system (CS1: Oat, CS2: Oat + Fodder Sarson, CS3: Oat + Berseem). The results concluded that, among the farming practices, higher number of shoots per meter square, dry matter accumulation, green fodder yield and dry fodder yield was recorded with recommended dose of fertilizer followed by 10 t FYM + natural farming package of practices (SPNF). In case of cropping systems, significantly higher number of shoots per square meter, dry matter accumulation, green and dry fodder yield was observed with oat + berseem cropping system as compared to oat alone.

Totalitarianism in Yoko Ogawa's The Memory Police

This study discusses about totalitarianism in Yoko Ogawa’s The Memory Police. There are four question to be answered in this research: the depiction of totalitarianism in the novel, the cause and effects of totalitarianism in the novel, and the characters’ resistance to totalitarianism in the novel. The objective of the study is to find the reflection of totalitarianism on islanders, the depicted cause of totalitarianism, the depicted effects of totalitarianism, and the characters’ resistance to totalitarianism. In analyzing the problem, the writer applies a descriptive qualitative method with sociological approach. The analysis shows the forms of totalitarianism found are terror, absolute control, surveillance, and monopolizing information. The effects of totalitarianism found are loss of trust, intolerance, loss of identity, fear and anxiety, loneliness and isolation, emptiness, trauma and depression. Most of the people calmly accept the reality of the loss of memories, but some fight back. The characters’ resistance to totalitarianism found are forming groups, escaping, and making a hiding place. The writer concludes that the Memory Police as a totalitarian government body uses their repressive power to impose forgetfulness and create an oppressive atmosphere. Because of their repressive power, there are many negative effects on the islanders.

Effect of Microbial Consortia on Soil Health, Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Soybean Grown in a Vertisol of Central India

A field experiment was carried out in the research farm of the Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidhyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India during Kharif season of 2021-22. The experiment was performed with nine treatments comprised by Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, EM and their consortia with FUI and UFUI (absolute control) in randomized block design. The soybean crop was grown in the field along with recommended package of practices. The result showed that the yield of soybean was 43% higher (2351 kg ha -1) than control FUI and better uptake of N (145 kg ha-1 by seed and 125.6 kg ha-1 by straw), P (7.9 kg ha-1 by seed and 14.9 kg ha-1 by straw) and K (42.3 kg ha-1 by seed and 65.0 kg ha-1 by straw) by soybean were found due to inoculation of microbial consortia of Rhizobium, Pseudomonas and EM culture. The Physico-chemical properties (pH, EC and OC), availability of nutrients (NPK with vales of 288, 29 and 335 kg ha-1 respectively), enzymatic activities (Acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities with values of 42.2, 69. 8 µg PNG h-1 g-1 of soil and 12.9 μg TPF hr-1 g-1 of soil, respectively) and microbial population (Rhizobium by 35.1×106, total bacteria by 39.3×107, fungi by 41.9×104 and actinomycetes by 38.7×103 cfu g-1 soil) in soil also improved with the same treatment as compared to FUI. It is strongly recommended that the inoculation of microbial consortia improved the soil health and soybean production too instead of single inoculation by modulating microbial population which improves the soil health by nutrient fixation, solubilization and mobilization and plant growth promotion.

Impact of Different Sources and Levels of Biochar on Maize Growth and Yield in a Vertisol

Biochar preparation is one of the beneficial technologies for crop residue management. The production and use of biochar have many opportunities for soil improvement and agricultural productivity. A field experiment was laid out in Factorial RBD, to assess the potential effect of biochar derived from maize cob rind, coconut shell and Prosopis sps on growth and yield of maize grown in Kharif season 2022. Treatments comprised of first factor as biochar sources viz., maize cob rind biochar, Prosopis sps biochar and coconut shell biochar, second factor as application rates viz., 7.5, 10 and 15 t ha-1 along with RPP without FYM, RPP and absolute control with three replications. Among the different biochar sources PSB recorded significantly higher total dry matter (188.21 g plant-1), grain weight per cob (174.44 g cob-1), grain yield (59.60 q ha-1) and Stover yield (81.22 q ha-1). Among the different rates of biochar application, significantly higher total dry matter (196.00 g plant-1), grain weight per cob (183.02 g cob-1), grain yield (57.55 q ha-1), stover yield (88.94) were recorded with biochars application of 15 t ha-1. However, lower values were recorded in absolute control. Among the Interaction effect between the sources and rate of biochar application was found to be non- significant with yield and soil parameters. Therefore, effect of biochar on the availability of soil nutrients is associated with the nature of the biochar feedstock, the rate of application and the soil characteristics.

Optimization of phosphorus levels for enhancing groundnut productivity under different land configuration in semi-arid ecologies of Afghanistan

The present investigation entitled “Optimization of phosphorus levels for groundnut under different land configuration in Afghanistan” was carried out at Afghanistan National Agricultural Science and Technology University (ANASTU), Kandahar Province, Afghanistan during spring season of 2020. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with 15 treatment combinations and three replications. The main-plot consised of land configurations, viz. ridge and furrow (RF), broad bed and furrow (BBF) and flatbed (FB), while the sub-plots comprised of phosphorus levels, viz. absolute control, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg P2 O5 / ha. The results revealed that the plant growth in terms of dry matter accumulation (above ground and below ground) and number of branches/plant were maximum in BBF, followed by FB and minimum in RF. Adoption of BBF also recorded significantly higher pod yield (2,987 kg/ha) and harvest index (31.0). With respect to P levels, application of 60 kg P2O5 /ha produced significantly higher pod yield (3,363 kg/ha), biological yield (13,157 kg/ha) than other P2 O5 levels. Therefore, growing of groundnut on BBF with application of 60 kg P2 O5 / ha was found beneficial for achieving higher production and productivity under Afghanistan conditions.

Trust and the Exchange of EU Classified Information: The Example of Absolute Originator Control Impeding Joint Parliamentary Scrutiny at Europol

AbstractThe absolute implementation of the originator control principle (‘absolute originator control’) allows the EU Member States’ national intelligence services to block the access of the European Parliament to confidential information necessary for the effective exercise of joint parliamentary scrutiny at Europol. This research paper will demonstrate that this is a flawed practice in need of urgent reform, since it violates some of the basic tenets of EU constitutional law enshrined in Article 13 TEU and Article 9 TEU. This legal problem is reframed with the help of trust theory, which reveals that absolute originator control causes the Union to be confronted with a constitutional dilemma that is irresolvable in the EU legal order: the Union is revealed to be a trustee to two trustors – the EU Member States and the EU citizens; to protect the interests of one trustor, the Union would necessarily have to betray the trust of the other trustor.

Evaluation of the antifungal effect of plant extracts on fungi associated with leaf spots on banana

Banana, a crop which constitutes one of the sources of income for the economy in Ecuador and other exporting countries. The objective of the research was to evaluate the antifungal activity of different plant extracts on the mycelial inhibition of Fusarium incarnatum in vitro. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with 21 treatments, 3 replicates and an absolute control. These treatments were plant extracts such as hydrolysates and ethanolic extracts: cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and oregano (Origanum vulgare) extracts. The variables evaluated were: radial growth of Fusarium incarnatum mycelium during the 7 days, area under the ABCPE disease curve and the value of the slope of the linear regression, the treatment that registered the greatest inhibition was T13, T14, T15 in all its doses (10,000; 30,000; 50,000 ppm) of the ethanolic extract of clove and T12 (50,000 ppm) of ethanolic extract of cinnamon. In conclusion, the ethanolic extracts at their above mentioned doses were the best treatments for inhibitory control at the in vitro level.

Task-Based Compliance Control for Bottle Screw Manipulation With a Dual-Arm Robot

In this paper, a novel task-based compliance control approach for a dual-arm robot is presented with a bottle screw task. The presented approach aims at overcoming uncertainties from the object model and contact forces during the bottle screw task. A novel framework is proposed to synthesize the task motion planning and compliance control that ensure desired performance of both accuracy and compliant motion. The proposed task-based compliance control approach provides a hierarchical strategy: gross motion planning and fine compliance motion planning. The gross motion planning involves the absolute and relative motion control on a macro scale, while the fine compliance motion planning deals with uncertainties by the compliance control to accomplish a task requiring high precision robustly. A theoretical modeling of the bottle screw task is presented within the proposed framework through the analysis of uncertainties and constraints. The experimental results show that the proposed framework is efficient and robust to operate a set of bottles.

System with nano piezoengine under randomly influences for biomechanics

The sufficient condition of absolute stability system with nano piezoengine by using the derivative of the hysteretic piezoengine deformation is determined for the randomly influences. The set of equilibrium positions of the piezoengine in the control system is stable relative to mathematical expectations, when the condition of absolute stability with the maximum piezo module is met. The statistical linearization method is using for the determination condition of absolute stability control system with the nano piezoengine.

Influence of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) Practices on Soil Quality Indicators and Indices Under Cotton (Gossypium Spp.) + Black Gram (Vigna Mungo (L.) Hepper) and Green Gram (Vigna Radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) + Rabi Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) Inter Cropping Systems in Rainfed Vertisols of Western India

ABSTRACT A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of seven predominant integrated nutrient management (INM) practices on soil quality indicators and indices under two inter-cropping systems, namely cotton + black gram and green gram + rabi sorghum, at the All-India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture (AICRPDA), Parbhani Center, located in Central and Western Maharashtra, India. The INM practices include F1: Farmyard Manure (FYM) @ 5 t ha−1; F2: Gliricidia @ 3t ha−1 (semi dried leaves + very soft upper twigs); F3: Recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF); F4: 25% RDF + FYM @ 2.5 t ha−1; F5: 25% RDF + Gliricidia @ 1.5 t ha−1 (semi dried leaves + very soft upper twigs); F6: Control with rotation and F7: Absolute control without rotation. The order of overall performance of the INM treatments, in terms of mean Soil Quality Index (SQI), across both the cropping systems studied was: F1 (2.59) > F4 (2.55) > F5 (2.52) > F2 (2.49) > F3 (2.40) > F6 (2.12) > F7 (2.04). In case of Cotton + black gram system, the predominant soil parameters which emerged as key soil quality indicator, along with their percent contribution toward soil quality index, were: organic C (21%), available Mn (21%), labile C (20%), dehydrogenase activity (DHA) (19%), pH (5%), available S (5%), mean weight diameter of soil aggregates (MWD) (5%) and available K (4%). However, in case of green gram + rabi sorghum system, labile C (24%), available K (23%), available Mn (23%), microbial biomass C (MBC) (21%) and available S (9%) were found to be the key soil quality indicators in the black soil under study. The common indicators for the two cropping systems studied under these Vertisol soils were: available K, available S, available Mn and Labile carbon (LC). Thus, these indicators assume great significance in managing the Vertisol soils under study. The methodology followed and the results of the present study will be immensely useful to different stakeholders in conducting such future studies and managing and improving soil quality under different inter-cropping systems in Vertisols.

Critical Risk Factors of Stakeholder Collaboration Impacting BIM Implementation in High‐Rise Residential Building Projects Under the DBB System: A Delphi Survey

Although the design‐bid‐build (DBB) system has poor stakeholder collaboration due to the separation between architects, engineers, and contractors in its linear process, resulting in longer schedules and cost overruns, DBB remains the most widely used project delivery system due to its benefits, such as higher competition and the owner’s absolute control over the project. Researchers and practitioners expect building information modeling (BIM) implementation to improve stakeholder collaboration due to its potential to bridge the collaboration gap between these stakeholders, ensuring better coordination and motivating cost reduction. However, the fragmented nature of DBB still poses significant challenges to effective stakeholder collaboration, impacting BIM implementation negatively. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify and rank critical risk factors (CRFs) related to stakeholder collaboration impacting BIM implementation in the context of high‐rise residential building projects delivered by DBB. By adopting a Delphi procedure, this study identified such CRFs by triangulating the knowledge from the literature and the experience of an expert panel recruited from the construction industry. Seven CRFs were selected and ranked through three rounds of a Delphi survey. Analysis revealed that the rankings remained unchanged despite the increasing degree of consensus among experts. The highest‐ranking negative CRFs were “Inappropriate mindset of BIM collaboration process,” “Awareness of additional roles and responsibilities,” and “Disconnection in the information flow and BIM process.” A matrix of nine recommended solutions that can be applied across different CRFs was collected from the expert panel to improve the productivity of BIM collaboration under DBB. This study provides an in‐depth understanding of the CRFs of BIM‐based collaboration between stakeholders under a nonintegrated delivery system like DBB. The findings of this study can ensure successful project completion by creating awareness and allowing professionals and researchers to develop practical strategies for delivering BIM‐based DBB projects.

Društvene nauke i nacionalna bezbednost

The contribution of social sciences and humanities to the security of people, society and the state is a little studied topic. It goes without saying that every member of society, especially scientists, should contribute to security, primarily through the adoption of an adequate security culture, knowledge and will (to defend the state) that they possess, which presupposes their knowledge of the legal frameworks that regulate this field. The problem of the contribution of social sciences and humanities to national security arose due to uncritical reforms of these fields initiated by Western power centres. The evaluation of scientific works and the actions of scientists is extremely important for the state and requires an organized system, otherwise it can be a significant source of endangering national security. In this paper, the authors analyse the importance attached to social sciences and humanities as well as their evaluation in society. Special importance is given to their study from the aspect of national security. The basic assumption that guides the authors is that insufficient control of science by the state contributes to endangering national security. This does not mean censorship and absolute control at the same time, but the creation of an orderly system within which the authors will be able to strengthen the national and democratic capacities of the state through their work, and not be abused for the sake of its destabilization, which is especially important in crisis areas. At the same time, the problem of insufficient evaluation of the importance of social sciences and humanities in relation to other sciences is highlighted. There is also a crisis of reviewing scientific papers which is resulted by the introduction of ideological criteria for the publication of articles. Thus, when the reviewer determines that the author is from Russia or Serbia, the next question is whether the author considers Crimea to be Russian or Ukrainian, or, whether Kosmet is an independent state or part of Serbia. The attitude of the reviewer depends on the answer. In order to advance in their professions, they need to be published in journals of high categories, most of which are in the West. This again leads to the resolution and declaration of sensitive issues, where papers are immediately disqualified if they do not agree with an accepted ideological matrix. The authors use the method of content analysis and the comparative method in their paper.

Analysis of peri-implant bone tissue between hydrophilic and rough implant surfaces in spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with losartan.

to evaluate the morphological and functional characteristics of the peri-implant bone tissue that was formed during the healing process by the placement implants using two different surface treatments: hydrophilic Acqua™ (ACQ) and rough NeoPoros™ (NEO), in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive rats (Wistar) whether or not treated with losartan. In total, 96 male rats (48 Wistar and 48 SHR) were divided into eight subgroups: absolute control rough (COA NEO), absolute control hydrophilic (COA ACQ), losartan control rough (COL NEO), losartan control hydrophilic (COL ACQ), SHR absolute rough (SHR NEO), SHR absolute hydrophilic (SHR ACQ), SHR losartan rough (SHRL NEO), and SHR losartan hydrophilic (SHRL ACQ). The rats medicated with losartan received daily doses of the medication. NeoPoros™ and Acqua™ implants were installed in the tibiae of the rats. After 14 and 42 days of the surgery, the fluorochromes calcein and alizarin were injected in the rats. The animals were euthanized 67 days after treatment. The collected samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, biomechanics, microcomputerized tomography, and laser confocal scanning microscopy analysis. The osteocalcin (OC) and vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) proteins had moderate expression in the SHRL ACQ subgroup. The same subgroup also had the highest implant removal torque. Regarding microarchitectural characteristics, a greater number of trabeculae was noted in the control animals that were treated with losartan. In the bone mineralization activity, it was observed that the Acqua™ surface triggered higher values of MAR (mineral apposition rate) in the COA, COL, and SHRL groups (p<0.05). the two implant surface types showed similar responses regarding the characteristics of the peri-implant bone tissue, even though the ACQ surface seems to improve the early stages of osseointegration.

Seleção de isolados bacterianos antagonistas e supressores de brusone em plantas de arroz

ABSTRACT Grain yields of rice (Oryza sativa) are affected globally by rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae). The main objective of this study was to identify isolates of rhizobacterial antagonists of M. oryzae (BRM10781) and screen the most effective isolates for suppressing rice blast under greenhouse conditions. Two assays (E1 and E2) were performed with 22 treatments in a completely randomized design with three replicates. E1 investigated in vitro antagonism between 21 isolates and M. oryzae under laboratory conditions. The E2 experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions, with rice cultivar BRS Primavera seeds in plastic trays containing 3 kg of fertilized soil. After 21 days, the rice leaves were spray-inoculated with a bacterial cell suspension (1 × 108 CFU) and M. oryzae (3 × 105 conidia.mL-1) or with water (absolute control). Seven isolates, Serratia marcescens (BRM65918, BRM65923, BRM65926, and BRM63532), Bacillus cereus (BRM65919), Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens (BRM65917), and Priestia megaterium (BRM65929), reduced radial growth of M. oryzae colonies from 80.26 to 77.33%. The best leaf blast severity reducers were Pseudomonas nitroreducens (BRM32112), B. thuringiensis (BRM65928), P. megaterium (BRM65916), S. marcescens (BRM65918), S. nematodiphila (BRM63522), and Enterobacter hormaechei (BRM65925), varying from 97 to 95% respectively. The isolate BRM65918 (S. marcescens) showed the best efficiency for both antagonism and disease suppression, indicating its potential as a bioproduct for the biocontrol of rice blast in rice plants.

Absolute control over the quantum yield of a photodissociation reaction mediated by nonadiabatic couplings.

Control of molecular reaction dynamics with laser pulses has been developed in the last decades. Among the different magnitudes whose control has been actively pursued, the branching ratio between different product channels constitutes the clearest signature of quantum control. In polyatomic molecules, the dynamics in the excited state is quagmired by non-adiabatic couplings, which are not directly affected by the laser, making control over the branching ratio a very demanding challenge. Here we present a control scheme for the CH3I photodissociation in the A band, that modifies the quantum yield of the two fragmentation channels of the process. The scheme relies on the optimized preparation of an initial superposition of vibrational states in the ground potential, which further interfere upon the excitation with a broad pump pulse. This interference can suppress any of the channels, regardless of its dominance, and can be achieved over the whole spectral range of the A band. Furthermore, it can be accomplished without strong fields or direct intervention during the dynamics in the excited states: the whole control is predetermined from the outset. The present work thus opens the possibility of extensive and universal control of the channel branching ratio in complex photodissociation processes.

РЕФОРМИ БАНКІВСЬКОГО СЕКТОРУ В СИСТЕМІ МОНЕТАРНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ

In the article the efficiency of implementation of reforms in the banking sector in the conditions of crisis is analysed. An analytical study of the implemented measures of reforming the banking sector as a significant component of the country's monetary policy system has been carried out. It is indicated that the banking sector, as the main regulator of the country's monetary policy, keeps the most important blocks of the financial system of the state under absolute control. But at present, the country's economic sector and its banking sector in particular is facing serious threats that require concrete proposals to resolve them. It is specified that the issues of determining the factors and factors that support the country's economy and the search for effective reforms of the banking sector in the monetary policy system are becoming particularly relevant. It is stated that banking crises are an indicator of instability and devaluation of the economy. To avoid their recurrence or mitigate their negative impact, government regulators should develop a mechanism that would strengthen prudential requirements for market participants – financial companies. It is noted that after the reforms of the banking sector of Ukraine in the field of corporate lending in 2016–2017, banks became more willing to provide loans for small amounts, and consequently, the concentration of the loan portfolio decreased. It is noted that the implemented reforms have encouraged banks to pay more attention to the financial condition of debtors, which has allowed to expand access to credit for financially stable clients. It is emphasised that banking sector reform should be the highest priority of the monetary policy system if the country intends to improve and realise its economic growth potential in the coming years. It is concluded that reformation efforts should be aimed at strengthening the supervisory structure, enhancing prudential requirements, increasing transparency of banking operations, management and financial reporting, as well as facilitating the consolidation of fragmented private banks and equalising of the playing field between private and state-owned banks, in particular, given the dominant position of the National Bank and the full guarantee of household deposits in private banks.