Absence Of Depression Research Articles

Course of depression during the first 2 years postpartum among Brazilian women enrolled in a conditional cash transfer program.

Women living in low- and middle-income countries are more exposed to known risk factors for depression occurrence and persistency over time. Our aim was to investigate the course of depression in the first 2 years postpartum among Brazilian women enrolled in a cash transfer program. Longitudinal analysis of baseline (T0; mean 3.7 months postpartum) and first follow-up data (T1; mean 18.6 months postpartum) from a trial to assess the impact of a child development promotion program in 30 municipalities from six Brazilian states. The program does not include any interventions against maternal depression. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at cutoff ⩾10 was applied. Women were categorized into four groups based on EPDS at T0 and T1: absence of depression, persistence, discontinuity, or emergence pattern. Adjusted Poisson regressions were run using a multilevel hierarchical model. Two thousand eight hundred sixty-three women were assessed. Prevalence of depression was 26.4% [24.8, 28.1] at T0 and 24.4% [22.8, 26.0] at T1. Persistence, discontinuation, and emergence were found in 14.1% [11.3, 17.6%], 12.8% [11.4, 14.3%], and 10.2% [8.0, 13.0], respectively. In adjusted analyses, the persistence pattern was directly associated with parity and inversely associated with schooling of the woman and of the child's father. Living with husband/partner and support from the child's father and family members during pregnancy were protective against persistence. The discontinuity and the emergence patterns were not associated with any of the exposure variables. Depressive symptoms were highly prevalent during the first 2 years postpartum. About half of the women with depression at T1 were persistent cases that could have been detected earlier. Screening for maternal depression should be an essential component in every encounter of women with health professionals in primary health care settings.

Pain intensity and psychological distress show different associations with interference and lack of life control: A clinical registry-based cohort study of >40,000 chronic pain patients from SQRP.

Both chronic pain and depressive and/or anxiety symptoms are associated with negative impacts on daily living, including interference and lack of life control. However, little is known about how pain and psychological distress affect these impacts. The first aim was to assess how pain intensity, psychological distress, and social support interact with interference and lack of life control. A second aim was to investigate whether the strength of these relationships is moderated by the presence or absence of depression and/or anxiety. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs), which are available in the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation (SQRP), were retrieved for patients with chronic pain (N = 40,184). A theoretical model with the constructs/latent variables pain intensity, psychological distress, interference, lack of life control, and social support was proposed and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Indicators for these constructs were identified from the PROMs of the SQRP. Two models of the total cohort, which differed with respect to the causal relationship between pain intensity and psychological distress, were investigated. The moderating effects of anxiety and/or depression were also analyzed. Relatively low correlation and explanatory power (R 2 = 0.16) were found for the pain intensity-psychological distress relationship. Pain intensity had a stronger effect on interference than on lack of life control. The reverse was found for psychological distress - i.e., psychological distress seemed to have a higher negative influence on function than on interference. The underlying assumption of the causal relationship between pain intensity and psychological distress determined how strong pain intensity and psychological distress influenced interference and lack of life control. Social support showed very similar absolute significant correlations with interference and lack of life control. Interference and lack of life control showed relatively weak associations. The psychological distress level was a moderating factor for several of the paths investigated. A clinical treatment consequence of the low correlation between pain intensity and psychological distress may be that clinically treating one may not reduce the effect of the other. The relative importance of pain intensity and psychological distress on interference and lack of life control depends on the underlying assumption concerning the pain intensity-psychological distress relationship. Interference and lack of life control showed relatively weak associations, underscoring the need to clinically assess them separately. Social support influenced both impact constructs investigated. The cohort display heterogeneity and thus presence of definite signs of anxiety and/or depression or not was a moderating factor for several of the associations (paths) investigated. The results are important both for the assessments and the design of treatments for patients with chronic pain.

The prevalence of depression and associated factors among infertile couples.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and significant associated factors of depression among infertile couples Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nishtar Hospital Multan. Period: 5th March 2021 to 5th July 2021. Material & Methods: One hundred twenty eight infertile couples were enrolled. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess presence or absence of depression among infertile couples. Results: The prevalence of depression among infertile couples was 63 (31.2%). Age, duration of infertility and family system were significant associated factors of depression among infertile couples. Conclusion: High frequency of depression was noted among infertile couples. Clinicians treating such patients should anticipate depression among infertile couples followed by timely management to relieve them from emotional distress which will improve their personal, psychological and social functioning.

Relationship between Postoperative Pain and Sociocultural Level in Major Orthopedic Surgery.

Background Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) are associated with moderate to severe postoperative pain (POP). POP is theoretically predictable and may be influenced by sociocultural differences. This study aimed to identify the relationship between POP and the sociocultural level of the patient undergoing THA or TKA. Methods Prospective study, involving informed-consenting adults conducted through consulting patient's clinical processes, preoperative and postoperative questionnaires. Demographic and anthropometric data, type of surgery, ASA classification, sociocultural level of the patient, and POP were assessed. Results 95 patients, all Caucasian and natural from the north of the Portugal, were included. Younger women undergoing TKA reported higher levels of POP. In females, the ASA 3 physical condition was also associated with higher mean pain intensity. Patients with preoperative chronic pain, without depression diagnosis, and unsatisfied with the current profession showed higher levels of reported POP. Retirees, with lower school degree, reported higher levels of minimal pain. Conclusions Job satisfaction, type of surgery, body mass index, presence of chronic pain, and the absence of depression were identified as the main predictors of pain after THA or TKA.

Long-Term Rehabilitation Outcomes of Neurological Patients: A Multicenter Study

Objective: To evaluate functional outcomes in patients three years after rehabilitation and to identify factors significantly associated with improvement.Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was carried out in nine tertiary centers to compare functional outcomes (Barthel Index; BI) at discharge with scores at three-year follow-up among various diagnoses and types of admissions. Related factors were evaluated for association with improvement in functional score.Results: Three hundred and eighteen patients (mean age: 54 years; 60% male) were included. More than half of all patients suffered from a spinal cord injury. After three years, 35% of patients were still receiving physical therapy. Only those who were admitted for intensive rehabilitation showed significant improvement after three years. One hundred and ten patients or 35.8% showed significant improvement over time. A univariate analysis showed type of diagnosis, type of admission, onset to admission interval, BI at discharge, and presence of depression and complications at follow-up to be significantly associated with improvements in functional score in the follow-up period. Using a multivariate analysis, only the type of diagnosis, low BI at discharge, and absence of depression and complications at follow-up related to functional improvement.Conclusion: One-third of patients had sustained functional improvements from rehabilitation three years after discharge. Participants admitted into intensive rehabilitation showed significant improvements in functional scores between discharge and follow-up. TBI diagnosis, low BI at discharge, absence of depression and complications at follow-up related to long-term functional improvement at the three-year mark.

35025 Incremental financial burden and health care services associated with depression in dermatology patients

While the prevalence of depression grows among patients with dermatologic disease, there are limited data on its incremental economic burden. The objective of this retrospective cross-sectional study is to quantify the cost of depression in patients with concurrent dermatologic conditions. Using the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) from January 1, 2016, through December 31, 2018, patients with dermatologic conditions and at least 1 outpatient visit were identified using ICD-10-CM codes and stratified based on the presence or absence of depression. A cross-validated 2-step multivariate regression model was used to determine the incremental system-wide economic burden, health care sector utilization, and expenditures associated with depression in this patient cohort. Of the 10122 dermatology patients included, 1593 (15.74%) were diagnosed with depression (mean expenditures: 16,327.45 ± 1640.86) and 8529 patients (84.26%) without depression (mean expenditures: 10,222.83 ± 519.01). Patients with depression were more likely to be female (71%), white (72%), lower income (40.8%), use Medicare or Medicaid (42%), and have comorbidities (P < .001 for all). In these patients, healthcare expenditure was 1.44-fold higher and incurred an additional $4988.94 attributed to depression (95% CI, $3471.19 – $6248.78, P < .001), resulting in a system-wide annual cost of $26.7 billion. These patients required more inpatient visits (OR 1.19, P = .042), medication visits (OR 1.62, P < .001) and were more likely to visit the emergency room (OR 1.37, P < .001). As the prevalence of depression in dermatology grows, dermatologists need to be more cognizant of its economic impact and develop strategies to identify and manage depression.

I would be better off dead: investigating suicidal ideation in people with epilepsy.

It is known that the risk of suicidal behavior in adult people with epilepsy (PWEs) is high. However, the associated clinical and psychosocial factors are still being discussed. To assess the risk of suicide in PWEs and relate it to resilience and quality of life (QoL) as well as with clinical variables. The item "I'd be better off dead" of the Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy (NDDI-E) was related to the resilience scale, clinical aspects, the presence of depression, and the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-31) scores of PWEs, with a p < 0.05. A total of 271 PWEs were assessed, 50.6% were female, with a mean age of 46.6 (± 15.8) years, and a mean age at 1st seizure of 24.1 (± 18.5) years. Risk for suicide occurred in 50 (19.3%) cases. In multiple logistic regression, the factors that explain the risk of suicide were female sex, depression, and lower scores on the QOLIE-31 and on the resilience scale. In the classification and regression trees, the order of importance of the variables was depression > resilience > age > QoL > age at 1st seizure. The risk of suicide was high, and it was associated with demographic aspects, clinical variables, QoL, and resilience. A higher risk of suicide was associated with lower resilience regardless of the presence or absence of depression. In the presence of depression, a higher risk of suicide was associated with the early onset of epilepsy. In the absence of depression, the risk of suicide was associated with low QoL in young adults.

The Synergetic Impact of Physical Activity and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption on the Risk of Depression in Taiwanese Adults.

Background: This research focused on the association between physical activity and fruit-vegetable intake and the risk of depression in middle aged and older Taiwanese adults. Methods: Data were obtained from the 1999 to 2015 datasets of the Taiwan Longitudinal Survey on Aging (TLSA), and 4400 participants were included in 1999 (aged ≥53 years). Descriptive statistics provided all of the basic characteristic variables. A chi-square test analyzed the association between sex, age, years of education, marriage, hypertension, drinking, smoking, and the incidence of depression. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine significant associations between physical activity and fruit-vegetable intake, and the presence or absence of depression after 16 years. Results: Combined high physical activity and fruit-vegetable intake reduced the risk of depression by 80% (OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.10–0.45, p = 0.001) compared to low physical activity and fruit-vegetable intake; high physical activity and moderate or low fruit-vegetable intake caused a 70% reduction (OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.15–0.63, p = 0.005). High fruit-vegetable intake and low physical activity caused a 65% reduction (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.15–0.63, p = 0.005), compared to low physical activity and low fruit-vegetable intake. High physical activity alone caused a 40% reduction, which is the same as by high fruit-vegetable intake alone. Conclusions: Fruit-vegetable intake combined with physical activity was negatively correlated with the risk of depression. More fruit-vegetable intake and physical activity might reduce this risk. The results highlight the importance of physical activity and fruit-vegetable consumption for middle-aged and older adults to prevent depression.

86-OR: Erectile Dysfunction in Men with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: The Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS)

Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is more common and less responsive to pharmacotherapy in men with T2D. Data in men with prediabetes (PreD) and risk profiles in those with T2D, are lacking. We determined the burden and risk factors for ED in men with PreD and with T2D enrolled in the DPPOS. Methods: Between 1996-1999, 3,234 adults with PreD were randomized to intensive lifestyle intervention, metformin, or placebo in the DPP. In 2001, metformin was continued for those originally randomized with modified lifestyle intervention offered to all. In 2016-2017, 568 (88%) of 648 male participants completed the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) . ED was defined as having low or very low confidence getting and keeping an erection and/or ED medication use. Backwards selection multivariable logistic regression models including DPP treatment estimated odds of ED for covariates significant in bivariate analysis in men with persistent PreD and T2D. Results: Overall, 218 (38%) men met ED criteria. Prevalence of ED was similar in men with PreD (41%) and T2D (37%) (p=0.4) . In all men, older age (p&amp;lt;0.001) , non-white race (p&amp;lt;0.001) and depression (defined by Beck Depression Inventory or antidepressant use) (p&amp;lt;0.01) were associated with ED. Among men with PreD, those assigned to intensive lifestyle intervention, but not metformin, had decreased odds of ED compared with the placebo group (OR=0.26, 95%CI=0.09, 0.77) . Among men with T2D, metabolic syndrome (MetS) , defined by NCEP ATP III criteria, was associated with increased odds of ED (OR=1.72, 95%CI=1.05, 2.83) . Conclusions: ED is highly prevalent in men with PreD and with T2D. In addition to demonstrated factors typically observed in the general population such as younger age and absence of depression, intensive lifestyle intervention was protective in men at increased risk for T2D. In men with T2D, ED was associated with MetS. Our findings suggest metabolic mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of ED in T2D. Disclosure Y.Blair: None. L.Doherty: None. M.Temprosa: None. H.Wessells: None. R.Pop-busui: Advisory Panel; Averitas Pharma, Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Nevro Corp., Novo Nordisk, Reata Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Regenacy Pharmaceuticals, Inc. K.M.Gadde: Research Support; AstraZeneca, BioKier, Inc. P.Singh: None. A.V.Sarma: None. D.Research group: None. Funding National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (UDK048489, UDK048339, UDK048377, UDK048349, UDK048381, UDK048468, UDK048434, UDK048485, UDK048375, UDK048514, UDK048437, UDK048413, UDK048411, UDK048406, UDK048380, UDK048397, UDK048412, UDK048404, UDK048387, UDK048407, UDK048443, and UDK048400)

ВЫРАЖЕННОСТЬ ДЕПРЕССИИ И АНДРОГЕННОГО ДЕФИЦИТА У МУЖЧИН МОЛОДОГО ВОЗРАСТА С ИМПST НА ЭКГ С УЧЕТОМ АНГИОГРАФИЧЕСКОЙ КАРТИНЫ

Abstract. Introduction. In young age, due to low evidence and gender inequality, non-obstructive acute coronary syndrome including slow blood flow is in priority. Aim. The aim was to evaluate severity of depression and androgen deficiency in young men with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction due to atherothrombosis and slow flow phenomenon.Material and methods. 99 men aged 25 to 44 years, were observed: 60 patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction and slow flow phenomenon, 39 patients with infarction due to coronary artery occlusion. The study did not include patients with body mass index more than 35 kg/m2, diabetes, valve diseases, arrhythmias, conductive disorders, previous history of acute coronary syndrome and pre-hospital fibrinolysis, surgery on pelvic organs and scrotum, prostate cancer, congenital hypogonadism, taking steroids, chronic kidney and liver diseases with impaired function, refusal to participate. Subjective signs of androgen deficiency and erectile dysfunction were analyzed, as well as presence and severity of depression according to Beck's Depression Inventory. Serum levels of prolactin, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, cortisol, sex steroid-binding globulin and free testosterone were measured.Results and discussion. Slow flow phenomenon patients had higher free testosterone and lower serum cortisol concentrations (p=0.04 and p=0.02). In the first group, mild erectile disfunction prevailed (35%), it was absent in 23.3% of respondents, severe disorders were noted in 13.3% of cases. In the second group, erectile disfunction was absent in 23.3%, and 36.7% of respondents had mild symptoms. 23.3% had moderate erectile disfunction. Males with severe and moderate symptoms of androgen deficiency prevailed in the second group. The absence of depression was found in 18.3% and 23.3% in both groups. Conclusion. High prevalence of depression in young men with type 1 myocardial infarction and with slow coronary blood flow has been established. Differences were found in levels of cortisol and free testosterone in groups, which did not correlate with subjective severity of erectile dysfunction symptoms. The results suggest that there is a relationship between estimated parameters, angiogram, and severity of myocardial damage in case of myocardial infarction in young men. To confirm this hypothesis, a prospective follow-up with assessment of one-year survival is required.

Exploring relationships between neuroticism, depression, and the progression of cognitive decline over time

<h3>Introduction</h3> Cognitive decline is prevalent in older adults, and predicting onset of cognitive decline in patients is a significant challenge for physicians. Studies have shown a relationship between neuroticism and the onset of cognitive decline in a ten-year time span, and have identified one aspect of neuroticism (N6 – vulnerability to stress) to be specifically elevated in those who later develop cognitive impairment. However, little is known about the onset of cognitive decline in a shorter time span, or if other aspects of neuroticism might be predictors. In addition, the effects of depression in this relationship have yet to be determined. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the various facets of neuroticism and the onset of cognitive decline in a 1 to 3 year time span in the presence and absence of depression in a cohort of elderly subjects. <h3>Methods</h3> This is a retrospective cohort study. Subjects participated in "Neurobiology of Late-life Depression" (NBOLD) study at the University of Connecticut Health Center (UCHC) and Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center at the Institute of Living in Hartford Hospital. Participants were screened for depression using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression (CES-D) scale, with a score of 16 or greater as a cut-off for depression. The NEO PI-R was used to screen for neuroticism. CERAD neurophysiological tests were used to screen for cognitive decline, and were administered annually. Statistical analysis of the data involved linear regression and correlation analysis was done to assess the significance of the predictive value of various facets of neuroticism in future cognitive decline development. Mixed model analysis was done to examine how changes in neuroticism score can moderate the rate of cognitive decline. Analysis was done by using baseline neuroticism scores and cognition scores after one, two, and three years. <h3>Results</h3> 163 subjects were enrolled. 28.8% of subjects identified as male, and 71.2% identified as female. The mean age was 72.27 ± 7.44 years. 89.6% identified as White, 7.7% identified as Black or African American, 1.8% identified as Asian, and 0.61% identified as mixed race. 1.8% had completed 9^th grade, 14.1% had graduated high school, 22.7% had completed some college, 20.9% had a college degree, and 40.5% had completed post-graduate education124 subjects had depression at the time of baseline measurement, and 39 comparison subjects did not have depression at baseline. Two facets of neuroticism were shown to be statistically significant predictors of cognitive decline in the non-depressed patients. High baseline N6 (vulnerability of stress) was a predictor of a lower CERAD score at 1 year (p=0.08) and 3 years (p=0.09). High baseline N4 (self-consciousness) was also found to be a predictor of lower CERAD score at 1 year (p=0.01), 2 years (p=0.03), and 3 years (p=0.08). In addition, improvement in N4 over time was shown to cause a lower rate of progression of cognitive decline in non-depressed patients. The findings for depressed patients were not found to be statistically significant. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Both N6 and N4 are statistically significant predictors of cognitive decline 1 to 3 years after baseline neuroticism measurement. Improvement in N4 is associated with a lower rate of cognitive decline. These results were found in non-depressed patients but not depressed patients. These findings raise the possibility that longer periods of follow-up are needed to illustrate the association between neuroticism, cognitive decline, and depression. Investigating predictive factors of cognitive decline is key to foreseeing the development of the disease early on, allowing patients to prepare and access care that may be difficult to obtain as cognitive conditions progress. <h3>This research was funded by</h3> All subjects in the study were enrolled in NBOLD, a NIMH R01 grant entitled "Neurobiology and Adverse Outcomes of Neuroticism in Late-Life Depression".

Hospice Referral in Advanced Cancer in New Jersey.

The need for hospice care is increasing in the United States, but insufficient lengths of stay and disparity in access to care continue. Few studies have examined the relationship between the presence of symptoms and hospice referral. The study measured the association between hospice referral and demographic characteristics and the presence of pain and depression in a cohort of people hospitalized with metastatic cancer in New Jersey in 2018. This study was secondary analysis of the 2018 New Jersey State Inpatient Database. The sample was limited to adult patients with metastatic cancer. Descriptive statistics evaluated the composition of the sample. Generalized linear modeling estimated the effect of pain and depression on incidence of hospice referral in a racially and economically diverse population. Absence of pain resulted in lower odds of receiving a referral to hospice upon discharge (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40-0.49; P = .00). Likewise, an absence of depression also resulted in decreased odds of a hospice referral (AOR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76-0.96; P = .008). Compared with Whites, Blacks (AOR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76-0.97; P = .00) and Hispanics had significantly lower odds of receiving a hospice referral (AOR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72-0.96; P = .01). Patients with a primary language other than English, there were significantly lower odds of receiving a hospice referral (AOR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73-0.99; P = .03). Patients with pain and depression had increased hospice referrals. Disparities persist in hospice referral, particularly in Black and Hispanic cases and those without a primary language of English.

Optimism is associated with respiratory symptoms and functional status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BackgroundOptimism is the general belief that good things will occur in the future; optimism is modifiable by cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Previous studies have associated higher optimism with improved health outcomes and lower all-cause mortality.Research questionInvestigate association between optimism and disease-related characteristics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Study design and methodsCurrent and former smokers with/without COPD and Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry (PRISm) from the 10-year follow-up visit for the Genetic Epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene) study were included. Optimism was assessed at the 10-year visit using the Life Orientation Test-Revised. Models of optimism as a predictor of lung function, COPD-associated phenotypes including exacerbations, and functional assessments, were adjusted for demographic confounders, smoking status, and comorbidities.ResultsAmong 1967 subjects, higher optimism was significantly associated with older age, non-Hispanic white race, marital status, quitting smoking status, absence of COPD, and absence of depression. In multivariable analysis, higher optimism was independently associated with fewer prior exacerbations of COPD (coef = − 0.037, P < 0.001). Higher optimism was also related to better MMRC scores (coef = − 0.041, P < 0.001), CAT scores (coef = − 0.391, P < 0.001), SGRQ scores (coef = − 0.958, P < 0.001), BODE index (coef = − 0.059, P < 0.001), and longer 6-min walk distance (coef = 10.227, P < 0.001). After stratification by severity of COPD, these associations with optimism were still significant in all groups. No significant association was observed for cross-sectional FEV1 (%) or FVC (%) with optimism score.InterpretationFewer exacerbations and less severe respiratory symptoms and higher functional capacity were associated with higher optimism, which may impact health outcomes in current and former smokers with and without COPD. Optimism is a modifiable trait and these results may further support a role for CBT to improve outcomes in COPD.

Presence or Absence of Depression in Community-dwelling Elderly People and Related Factors During the Coronavirus Pandemic

Presence or Absence of Depression in Community-dwelling Elderly People and Related Factors During the Coronavirus Pandemic

Plasma Neurotrophic Factor Levels are not Associated with the Severity of Depression: Prospective Pilot Study.

Depression is one of the most common mental illnesses. Impaired neurogenesis is observed in depression. Biomarkers of impaired neurogenesis in depression can act as a useful objective and diagnostic and prognostic tool to determine the severity of depression. To study the concentration of biochemical indicators in the blood that may be involved in the pathogenesis of depression and their intercorrelations, and to determine any associations between the concentrations of biochemical indicators and severity of depressive symptoms. We determined the plasma concentrations of serotonin, dopamine, and neurotrophic factors involved in neurogenesis (BDNF, CDNF and neuropeptide Y) using enzyme immunoassay and mass spectrometry in depressed patients (n=22) and healthy controls (n=16) matched by socio-demographic parameters. All participants were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) to enter the study. The standard cut-offs for the CES-D and GAD-7 scales were used to confirm the presence or absence of depression and anxiety. The concentrations of serotonin, dopamine, BDNF, CDNF, and neuropeptide Y in plasma did not differ between the groups and was not found to be associated with the scores on the scales. Positive correlations were found between the concentration of neuropeptide Y and serotonin, BDNF, and CDNF in blood plasma. Plasma concentrations of biomarkers related to the pathophysiology of depression did not correlate with the severity of its symptoms.

Quality of work life, emotional and physical well-being of police personnel in India

The job profile of police officers places exceptional demands on them leading to risks to life, personal discomfort and stress. This article aims to examine how the physical and emotional well-being of police personnel is affected by their perceived quality of work life (QWL). The study looked at the questionnaire responses of 234 police personnel. Emotional well-being is measured as the absence of depression, emotional hyperactivity, difficulty relaxing, irritability and anxiety, whereas physical well-being is measured as the presence of diabetes, thyroid problems, insomnia and obesity. The study assessed police perceptions of QWL as provided by the government. The study findings are segregated for QWL on the basis of dominant ill-being and dominant well-being. Factors such as career and development, working environment, safety, work load, compensation and fear of punishment should be carefully analysed and improved. Some 71.8% of the respondents suffered from two or more emotional ailments; 70% suffered from two or more physical ailments. Findings suggest that QWL dimensions that fall within dominant ill-being need to be addressed immediately by policy makers and management to improve police well-being.

Quality of life predictors in European aging population: A multigroup model

The objective of this research is to analyze several predictors of quality of life in aging people in different European regions. This is a cross-sectional study with the sixth wave of the SHARE project (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe). Several sociodemographic and economic indicators were utilized, as well as the CASP-12 (QoL), EURO-D (depressive symptoms) and SPHEU (self-perceived health). Analysis were performed by structural equation modelling techniques. Ten multigroup models were estimated. Results showed significative difference in the predictive capacity in all variables except for chronic diseases. The best predictor of quality of life in all European regions was absence of depression, followed by income, and self-perceived health. No significative differences among the predictive capacity of the number of chronic diseases was found among the assessed groups, although, perceiving ones’ health as good and being able to make ends meet were heavy predictors of quality of life.

Modifiable factors associated with cognitive resistance in the Framingham Heart Study

AbstractBackgroundCognitive resistance to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) refers to an individual’s capacity to avoid the appearance of Alzheimer’s dementia syndrome in the context of risk factors on pathologic processes. We sought to identify associations between potential modifiable risk factors for AD and cognitive resistance.Method2,318 participants from the Offspring and Omni cohorts in Framingham Heart Study without prevalent dementia and at high risk for AD were selected. High risk for AD was defined as having ≥2 of the following risk factors measured at baseline: (1) age &gt;80 years; (2) diagnosis of cardiovascular disease or coronary heart failure; (3) carrier of ≥1 APOE ε4 allele; (4) plasma Aβ42/40 ≤0.1049 (Perez‐Grijalba et al.; 2019); (5) C‐reactive protein level ≥10 mg/L (Morley and Kushner; 1982); and (6) female sex. Cognitively resistant individuals were defined as those at high risk for AD that did not progress to a clinical diagnosis of dementia/AD. Standardized research criteria were used to ascertain all‐cause dementia and AD. Potential modifiable risk factors for AD measured at baseline included diabetes, hypertension, obesity, depression, smoking, and education. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between these factors and cognitive resistance to AD.ResultOver an average period of 36 years, absence of diabetes (OR = 3.63; 95% CI = 2.37 – 5.55; p &lt;0.001) and absence of hypertension (OR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.02 – 2.51; p = 0.038), as well as not smoking (OR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.41 – 3.13; p &lt;0.001), at baseline were significantly associated with cognitive resistance. Absence of depression, absence of obesity, or high education were not associated with cognitive resistance.ConclusionIndividuals at high risk for AD who do not have diabetes or hypertension, or do not smoke may be cognitively resistant to AD. These findings support the heart‐brain connection for dementia prevention and healthy cognitive aging.

Leadership Skills and their Associated Factors among Pharmacy Students at Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Background: Leadership is a vital attribute for the predictive quality of care in healthcare organizations. Leadership has an effective role in improving clinical outcomes, pharmacy practice, and patient satisfaction. However, limited studies have been done on leadership among pharmacy students in Makkah. The current study was conducted to describe the leadership skills and their associated factors among pharmacy students at Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Makkah.&#x0D; Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was done. A multi-stage stratified random sampling technique was used. Stratification considered the gender, educational program (Pharm-D or B-Pharm), and educational year. A standardized data collection sheet was used and asked about personal, sociodemographic data, the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ), Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence (SSREI) scale, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS).&#x0D; Descriptive statistics were done. Inferential statistics were done using the Student’s t-test and ANOVA for comparing between means. Pearson’s product-moment correlations were also calculated. Multilinear regression models were constructed to determine the leadership predictors.&#x0D; Results: A total of 400 pharmacy students participated in the study. Pharmacy students had high overall leadership competencies; the mean overall score of ALQ was 57.98 ±7.47. The highest leadership category score was for the internalized moral skills (15.04 ±2.43). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that the predictors of the overall authentic leadership skills were high EI score (B= 0.4; 95% CI: 0.37-0.44) and absence of depression (B= -1.48; 95% CI: - 2.51, - 0.46). Depression was also negatively associated with self-awareness, internalized moral domains. Marital status, physical activity and father education also associated with different leadership domains.&#x0D; Conclusion: The predictors of the total authentic leadership skills were the overall EI domain score and absence of depression. Training on both leadership skills, and emotional intelligence is essential. Management of depression and encouraging physical activities are needed for better leadership skills. These efforts may result in the development of highly qualified health care personnel.

ОЦЕНКА КОМПЛЕКСНОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ C ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ СТОМАТО-ЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ГЕЛЯ ОРИГИНАЛЬНОГО СОСТАВА НА ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ПСИХОЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОГО И СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ЗДОРОВЬЯ КУР-САНТОВ ВЕДОМСТВЕННОГО ИНСТИТУТА

Subject. Dental diseases are a frequent companion of distress, since the negative impact of psychoemotional stress on the immune status of cadets is reflected in changes in the microflora of the oral cavity and periodontal [4, 9]. &#x0D; The aim of the study is to evaluate the results of using the developed gel for the preven-tion and treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases in cadets who are under psychoemotional stress.&#x0D; Methodology. The group of examined persons consisted of 245 people-cadets of 1–4 courses of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. After the dental exami-nation, the cadets were divided into 2 groups: 26 cadets were found to have gingivi-tis/periodontitis of mild severity (group I), and 45 cadets without periodontal lesions (group II) served as a comparison group. The study included psychological testing, clarification of the state of their vegetative reactions and cortisol content in saliva, molecular genetic deter-mination of the composition of the most common periodontal pathogenic bacteria of the dentoalveolar furrow and enzyme immunoassay of the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines in saliva, cell-regulatory and immunosuppressive effects. &#x0D; Results.The application of the gel helps to correct the phenomena of depression, while it affects the frequency of relapses of diseases.The effect of the application on the frequency of detection of periodontal pathogenic bacteria in cadets is manifested in relation to Tanerella forsythia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in the absence of depression, but in the presence of periodontal lesions. When the phenomena of gingivitis/periodontitis of mild se-verity occurred against the background of depression, the effects of using dental gel were in the form of a decrease in the occurrence of these bacteria. There was a significant drop in the oral fluid of IL-12 in the group with depression and periodontal disease, as well as IL-10 in the group without depression, but with mild gingivitis/periodontitis.&#x0D; Conclusions. The developed dental gel is recommended both for the phenomena of de-pression and in cases of mild gingivitis/periodontitis against the background of psychoemotional stress.