Due to the vast consumption of canola oil in the food industry, there is marketable and scientific interest to manipulate seed oil content and the fatty acid composition of Brassica napus L. During seed development, lipids are mainly stored in the form of triacylgylcerols and their production relies on the availability of sucrose produced during photosynthesis. The selective up regulation of enzymes joining in sucrose transport and metabolism, as well as glycolysis, provide carbon pools for the synthesis of fatty acids and ultimately seed oil production. Seed oil accumulation is also influenced by genes involved in embryo and seed development. Recently, emphasis has been directed toward altering fatty acid biosynthesis through the modification of transcription factors including - LEC1 ( LEAFY COTYLEDON1 ), LEC2 ( LEAFY COTYLEDON2 ), FUS3 ( FUSCA3 ), WRI1 ( WRINKLED1 ), and ABI3 ( ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 ), which also affect the seed maturation phase of embryo development. These genes interact with each other and play a vital role during embryo and seed development. Improved knowledge of the genetic regulation of seed oil biosynthesis in Arabidopsis and Brassica species , together with current progress in plant genetics and molecular biology, has opened novel research avenues that emphasize the modification of canola oil by manipulating the genetic regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis.