Abrasion Resistance Of Fabrics Research Articles

Physicochemical Properties of Warp Knitted Fabrics Colored with Madder and Gall Oak for Sportswear

ABSTRACT Polyamide/elastane warp-knitted fabrics were separately dyed with gall oak (Quercus infectoria Olivier) and madder (Rubia tinctorum L.). Chromatographic and spectroscopic methods were used to analyze dyed warp-knitted fabrics. A reserved phase high-performance liquid chromatography with the diode-array detection (RP-HPLC-DAD) method was utilized to determine the components of dyes present in the dyed fabrics. Scanning electron microscopy-energy X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) was utilized for morphological analysis. The undyed and dyed warp-knitted fabrics were characterized by FT-IR. The CIEL*a*b* values of the dyed polyamide-elastane warp-knitted fabrics were measured. Further, in physical testing, the pilling and abrasion resistance of raw and dyed fabrics were examined, and the water contact angle values of all fabrics were measured. Pilling test results were evaluated with a grade of 5 for all fabrics as the best score, and the resistance of fabrics to abrasion was very good. The formation of the fiber-metal-dye complex caused the fabric’s contact angle to drop, giving the fabric a hydrophilic character. The colorfastness characteristics of the dyed fabrics to light, rub, wash, and perspiration have been evaluated. The light fastness scores vary from 3 to 5, and they are satisfactory for using natural dyes to color textiles since they are in the good to moderate range. Overall, the dyed samples displayed a score of 5, which is excellent, on the Gray Scale for washing fastness.

The effect of fabric structure on the pilling and abrasion resistance of interlock weft-knitted fabrics

PurposePilling and abrasion resistance are two of the most important mechanical properties of the fabric that influence the appearance and performance of the fabric, particularly in the case of knitted fabrics. Since, these fabric features are affected by fabric structure the aim of present research is to investigate how utilizing miss stitches and tuck stitches in the fabric structure for design purposes will influence the pilling and abrasion resistance of interlock weft-knitted fabrics.Design/methodology/approachIn this research, interlock fabrics with different number of miss or tuck stitches on successive Wales were produced and pilling performance and abrasion resistance of the fabrics were investigated.FindingsThe results revealed that increasing the number of miss/tuck stitches on successive Wales decreases the abrasion resistance and enhances the pilling tendency of the fabric. The presence of miss/tuck stitches on both sides of the fabric improves the abrasion resistance and pilling performance of the fabric compared to fabrics containing these stitches on one side of the fabric. Furthermore, the fabric resistance against abrasion and pilling is higher in fabrics consisting of miss stitches compared to fabrics consisting of tuck stitches.Originality/valueThe use of tuck and miss stitches in designing the weft-knitted fabrics is a common method for producing fabrics with variety of knit patterns. Since pilling and abrasion resistance of the fabric influence on its appearance and performance, and none of the previous research studied the pilling and abrasion resistance of interlock-knitted fabrics from the point of presence of tuck and miss stitches on successive Wales of the fabric, this subject has been surveyed in the present research.

Investigation of the effects of hollow yarn structure and woven fabric construction on fabric performance: mechanical properties

The appearance and performance properties of textile products are affected by the fibre, yarn, and fabric structure and the finishing processes. The number of fibres in cross-section, fibre disposition, fibre alignment, the position of the fibres in the strands, binding in, overall structure, and twist are the main factors affecting yarn characteristics. Woven fabric properties are affected by fibre, yarn, and fabric characteristics. This study aims to improve the properties of 100% cotton fabric and obtain softer fabrics. For this purpose, the effect of woven fabric construction and hollow weft yarn structure, on the mechanical properties (weft-warp density, fabric weight, fabric strength, abrasion resistance) of woven fabrics were investigated. The effect of fabric construction on fabric weight and fabric construction was found statistically significant. It is observed that the hollow yarn structure does not negatively affect the fabric tensile strength and elongation values.

Chenille Yarn Production Parameters Improvement Studies and Evaluation of Their Effects

Chenille yarn has an increasing share of use in the upholstery fabric sector recently. To have an important place in chenille yarn production in the world, it has become necessary for manufacturers to improve the quality, durability, and performance of their products and to carry out innovative studies in this field. Increasing the abrasion resistance of the yarns that form the basis of upholstery fabrics will significantly affect the service life performance. In this study, two raw materials selected with different production parameters were examined. These raw materials are determined as viscose and polyester, which are mostly used for chenille yarn in the production facility. The parameters covered in this study are determined and evaluated as the fixed/unfixed state of the yarn, the state of having different twist values, and the presence or absence of melted yarn added to ensure better adhesion of the pile and binder yarn with each other. In this direction, to test the abrasion resistance of the yarns produced from 6 polyester raw materials and 6 viscose raw materials with different properties, they are woven into fabrics by weaving on a 65-density jacquard loom. Each fabricated sample is realized by Martindale test. This test is realized to see the result of friction force and impact effect on the fabric surface. Also, it is aimed to determine the resistance of the samples against pilling and surface change. Based on the results, different parameters affecting the abrasion resistance of upholstery fabrics obtained from chenille yarn were interpreted and it was aimed to be a pioneering study in this field.

Evaluation of the impact of cotton sheath linear density of core spun yarn on the performance of denim fabrics

In the textile sector, denim is one of the most iconic woven fabrics. The quality of denim fabric is influenced by several factors. For example, changes in the linear density of yarn might alter the projected fabric qualities, allowing it to fit current fashion market demands, which is the ultimate target of a textile product. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the impact of cotton sheath linear densities of core spun yarn (cotton/spandex) on performance properties like stretchability, tensile and tearing strength, weight, dimensional stability, pilling, and abrasion resistance of denim fabrics. Acquired results revealed that with the upsurge in the linear density of cotton sheath, several properties of the fabric, such as elongation and recovery percentage, tensile and tearing strength in the weft direction were improved because of the utilization of the variable linear density of sheath yarn in the same direction. Width-wise shrinkage and fabric weight were also decreased substantially. It was also found that increasing the sheath count enhances the denim fabric’s overall resistance to pilling.

Development and characterization of impact resistant fabric with better comfort for motorbike riders

Motorbikes are used for leisure and professional purpose. The abundant use of motorbikes gives rise to a high number of accidents resulting in serious injuries. The development of protective fabric for motorbike riders is the need of the day. This study aimed to develop an impact resistance comfortable fabric for motorbike riders. The high-performance fibers in different ratios were used to develop high-performance yarns, then used to manufacture the impact-resistant fabric. Five different blends of ring-spun yarns with linear densities of 30/2 Tex and 25/2 Tex were produced by using Kevlar, polyester, nylon, elastane, and cotton fibers. Z twill weave fabric was made on a rapier loom from these yarns. Moreover, the warp yarn was vat-dyed before preparing the fabric from it. The impact cut resistance and abrasion resistance of fabrics were tested. The results showed that the fabric developed from a yarn count of 25/2 Tex with 19% Kevlar, 17% polyester, 9% Nylon, 47% cotton, and 8% elastane fibers has excellent abrasion and cut resistance with the highest tear and tensile strength among all other fabric samples.

Fiber types and fabric structures influence on weft knitted fabrics

The physical properties of weft knitted fabrics can be modified according to the fabric structure and the raw material used to manufacture the final fabric. This research demonstrates the influence of fiber types and fabric structure on some specific physical properties such as bursting strength, wicking behavior, pilling effect, and abrasion resistance of weft knitted fabrics. For this purpose, in this research study, one natural fiber cotton, one regenerated fiber viscose, and one synthetic fiber polyester were used. At the same time, to avoid any conflicts of the other fabric production factors, the number of feeders, machine diameter, needle gauge, stitch length was kept constant during the production of the weft-knitted fabrics. Moreover, three different structures of single jersey fabric like plain single jersey, single lacoste, and double lacoste were used to produce nine single jerseys of weft knitted fabric, while in each knit structure, three fabrics were produced using 100% cotton, 100% viscose, and 100% polyester fiber. Statistical analysis has been performed along with factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by simple main effect and simple comparison analysis. The finding illustrates that both fiber types and fabric structure regulate the physical properties of weft knitted fabrics. The polyester fiber seems to possess excellent mechanical properties such as bursting strength, abrasion, and pilling resistance without any influence of fabric structures studied in this research. However, both the fiber types and fabric structure combinedly influence the wicking of weft knitted fabrics. Additionally, it has been assumed that the influence of fiber types and fabric structure on strength, pilling, abrasion-resistant, and wicking properties of fabrics also combined with the areal density and extensibility of weft knitted fabrics.

Thermo-physiological properties of polyester chenille single Jersey knitted fabrics

This article sheds light on the important construction parameters of chenille yarn that characterize chenille single Jersey knitted fabric thermo-physiological properties. The study investigates the influence of selected yarn and fabric construction parameters, namely yarn twist, pile height of chenille yarn and loop length on the geometrical, physical and, thermo-physiological properties of chenille outerwear used in cold climates. Moreover, the effect of yarn and fabric parameters on the fabric abrasion resistance was studied as it is one of the main fabric defects. Furthermore, the study optimizes the knitted chenille fabric thermal properties to find out the most suitable for winter knitted outerwear. So, 40 tex chenille yarns were produced at 700 and 850 twist per meter and three levels of pile height, 1, 1.2, and 1.5 mm. Eighteen single Jersey knitted fabric samples were produced at three different loop lengths 1, 1.2, and 1.4 cm. Results revealed that the most prominent factor that influences the tested fabric properties at the given setting range is the fabric loop length followed by chenille yarn pile height then the chenille yarn twist level. As pile height and twist increase, the thermal resistance and conductivity increase while air permeability and water vapor resistance decrease.

Impact of Weft Yarn Density and Core-yarn Fibre Composition on Tensile Properties, Abrasion Resistance and Air Permeability of Denim Fabrics

Characteristics and serviceability of denim fabrics have undergone major changes. Nowadays denim is commonly used for casual wear. Durability and comfort are important parameters for consumers when choosing a denim garment. Therefore, in this study, abrasion resistance, tear and tensile properties of core–spun yarns and air permeability of denim fabrics with different weft yarns per centimetre and fibre content were analysed. The test results showed that weft yarns per centimetre influences fabric air permeability negatively but abrasion resistance increases. Higher weft yarns per centimetre influences fabric air permeability negatively but abrasion resistance increases. Polyester, elastane, modal, viscose and Lycra T400 were used in the core of weft yarn to analyse the impact of those fibres on the durability and comfort properties. Elastane is used to add stretchability to the fabric, which provides comfort to the wearer. The higher the elastomeric fibre content in the fabric, the greater is its elasticity; however, the tensile properties of the woven fabric decrease. The tear strength of the fabric was increased by the presence of the polyester fibre in the core.

Performance Properties of Half-bleached Weft Knitted Fabrics Made of 100% Cotton Ring Yarns with Different Parameters

Knitted fabrics are distinguished by their outstanding comfort for clothing and for their rapid mass production. Though cotton knitted fabrics can provide better comfort, their physical appearance and service life are affected by many factors, and they have a propensity for pilling, abrasion and snagging. The main goal of this research work was to investigate the effect of yarn parameters on the abrasion, pilling and snagging resistance of half-bleached knitted fabrics. Six knitted fabrics were manufactured from 100% cotton carded ring yarn with a linear density of 21, 25, and 30 tex, with two yarn twist levels for each linear density. Except for yarn linear density and twist, the remaining yarn and machine parameters were constant, including fabric manufacturing. The knitted fabrics were treated using a half-bleach treatment before property evaluation. The results showed that knitted fabric made from a finer count of 21 tex with a higher yarn twist of 920 m−1 had the highest mass loss ratio of 2.12–10.76%, and the lowest abrasion resistance of 89–97.88% between 5,000 to 20000 abrasion cycles. The highest abrasion resistance of 96.4–98.9% (mass loss ratio of 1–3.5%) was recorded for a single jersey knitted fabric made from coarser yarn (30 tex) with the lower twist of 826 m−1. The abrasion resistance of knitted fabrics was significantly affected by the thickness of the fabric, while regression analysis proved that fabric thickness and mass loss ratio had very good correlation, with an adjusted R2 value of 93.8%. The snagging resistance of knitted fabrics increased as yarn twist and fineness increased. Pilling propensity increased as yarn linear density increased and twist decreased. Linear regression results revealed that yarn linear density and twist were highly correlated to abrasion resistance (mass loss method) at an adjusted R2 value of 98.6% or 0.986 after 20,000 rubs.

Comparison of Mechanical and End-Use Properties of Grey and Dyed Cellulose and Cellulose/Protein Woven Fabrics.

The behaviour of textile products made from different fibres during finishing has been investigated by many scientists, but these investigations have usually been performed with cotton or synthetic yarns and fabrics. However, the properties of raw materials such as linen and hemp (other cellulose fibres) and linen/silk (cellulose/protein fibres) have rarely been investigated. The aim of the study was to investigate and compare the mechanical (breaking force and elongation at break) and end-use (colour fastness to artificial light, area density, and abrasion resistance) properties of cellulose and cellulose/protein woven fabrics. For all fabrics, ΔE was smaller than three, which is generally imperceptible to the human eye. Flax demonstrated the best dyeability, and hemp demonstrated the poorest dyeability, comparing all the tested fabrics. The colour properties of fabrics were greatly influenced by the washing procedure, and even different fabric components of different weaves lost their colours in different ways. Flax fibres were more crystalline than hemp, and those fibres were more amorphous, which decreased the crystallinity index of flax in flax/silk blended fabric. Unwashed flax fabric was more resistant to artificial light than flax/silk or hemp fabrics. Finishing had a great influence on the abrasion resistance of fabrics. The yarn fibre composition and the finishing process for fabrics both influenced the mechanical (breaking force and elongation at break) and end-use (area density and abrasion resistance) properties of grey and finished fabrics woven from yarns made of different fibres.

Conductive cotton fabric using laser pre-treatment and electroless plating

This paper presents the fabrication and characterization of laser-treated conductive cotton fabrics by means of copper metallization techniques. The physical properties of the laser-treated knitted samples were examined in terms of thickness, durability, and abrasion impact. Furthermore, the surface topography of the laser-treated substrates was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) before and after the coating process and samples demonstrated remarkably uniform deposition of copper metal nanoparticles on the surface of the fabric. An energy dispersing spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analysis was carried out to determine the elemental composition on the surface of the substrate after the electroless metallization method. The study found that laser-treated samples showed better resistance to wear compared to untreated fabric samples. Since abrasion resistance is key property in electronic textile applications, laser-treated samples could, therefore, be ideal candidates for electronic textile applications. As a result, laser treatment has been shown to be successful in improving the abrasion resistance of conductive textile fabrics.

Interaction of Spinning Parameters in Rieter Air-Jet Fabric Properties. (Dept.T)

The newest method of air-jet spinning is launched by Rieter. This article examines the interaction effect of various spinning process parameters such as delivery speed, yarn linear density and nozzle pressures on single Jersey knitted fabric properties. Results show that yarn linear density has the maximum effect on fabric bursting strength and abrasion resistance followed by delivery speed and nozzle pressure. Generally, fabrics made using fine counts are weak, low abrasion-resistant and their surface are smooth. Using high yarn delivery speed affected fabric bursting strength and abrasion resistance negatively. Moreover, by increasing nozzle pressure, the fabric abrasion resistance improves to a specific level then it deteriorates when nozzle pressure approaches 6 bar.

A Comparative Study of Care Processes Effect on the Abrasion Resistance of some Virgin and Recycled Polyester Fabrics

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which commonly referred to as ‘polyester’ in the textile industry, is considered one of the most important thermoplastic polyesters. It is widely used for various applications such as bottles, fibers, moldings, and sheets because of its excellent tensile and impact strength, clarity, process-ability, chemical resistance, and thermal stability. PET bottle wastes are separated from other wastes and then some processes are applied to obtain PET flakes. Recycled polyester fibers are produced by melt spinning method from these recycled PET flakes. In this research, usability of recycled PET fibers in textile industry was studied. A comparative investigation of fabric abrasion resistance property were done to fabrics produced from virgin and recycled polyester before and after care processes.

INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FABRICS WOVEN WITH TENCEL/ COTTON BLEND YARNS

This study aims to investigate mechanical properties of woven fabrics made from 100 % Tencel, combed cotton yarns and Tencel-cotton blended yarns with different blend ratios. For this purpose, the tensile properties, tearing strength, abrasion resistance, bending rigidity, drapability and wrinkle resistant properties of woven fabrics made from different ratios of Tencel and cotton yarns were tested. All the tests were carried out according to the standards, and the results obtained were assessed by means of SPSS statistical analysis program. The analyses of variance were carried out at 5% (0.05) level of significance. The results of the study show that the effects of the proportion of the Tencel fibres in the Tencel/cotton blended yarns on the tensile properties, tearing strength, abrasion resistance, bending rigidity and drape coefficient of woven fabrics are of statistical significance, and it was found that the tensile properties, tearing strength and drapability properties were observed to be improve with the increase of Tencel fibre proportion in the blend.

A research on the effect of various laser fading parameters on physical and surface properties of denim fabric

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of various laser processing parameters on the mechanical, air permeability, handle, and surface properties of denim fabrics. The parameters were chosen as laser resolution, laser density and the pixel time. In addition, the effect of washing cycle on laser faded denim fabrics was also examined. After laser fading and washing processes, fabric weight, air permeability, circular bending rigidity, bending length, coefficient of friction, tensile strength, tearing strength, and abrasion resistance of denim fabrics were measured. Furthermore, the colour differences between the unwashed and washed denim fabrics were determined and SEM analysis was carried out and the obtained results were evaluated statistically.

Fabrication of durable superhydrophobic coating on fabrics surface for oil/water separation

A superhydrophobic fabric coating with hierarchical structure was fabricated by a dip coating, in which dodecyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS)‐modified alumina (Al2O3) was used as modifier and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as additive. The effects of the amounts of Al2O3 nano‐sized particles and PDMS on the water contact angle (WCA) and the sliding angle (SA) of the as‐prepared fabrics coating samples were studied. The surface morphology of the as‐prepared samples was characterized by SEM, and the abrasion resistance and chemical resistance experiments were performed by abrasion resistance test, tape tear test, and chemical soaking test. The results show that WCA and SA of the superhydrophobic fabrics coating are 158° and 6°, respectively. With the increasing addition of PDMS, the abrasion resistance of hydrophobic fabrics coating is improved. The WCA value of the as‐prepared fabrics coating is still >150° after five abrasion cycles. The obtained fabrics exhibit excellent superhydrophobicity and oleophilicity due to the hydrophobic modification of DTMS for Al2O3 nano‐sized particles. And the separation efficiency of the as‐prepared superhydrophobic fabrics coating for n‐dodecane and water system can reach 99.98%. POLYM. COMPOS., 2018. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

Effect of yarn characteristics on surface properties of knitted fabrics

Fabric surface properties are significant in terms of fabric handle, sensorial comfort, aesthetic and performance properties. Yarn properties are among the most important parameters that affect fabric surface properties. Besides, fiber type, fiber properties and spinning technology etc. directly affect the physical, mechanical and performance properties of yarns as well as fabric surface properties. In the scope of this study, effects of fiber type (raw material), fiber fineness and fiber length on the surface properties of fabrics were investigated. Also, properties of yarns were measured and their effects on fabric surface properties were analyzed. For this purpose, unevenness, optical unevenness, imperfections, structural properties (diameter, density, roughness and shape), hairiness and frictional properties of yarns were measured, and relationships between abrasion resistance, pilling and frictional properties of knitted fabrics were examined. Regression models were developed in order to predict fabric surface properties from yarn characteristics. Based on comprehensive data analysis, it was concluded that variation in yarn friction and yarn hairiness explains approximately 80–85% of fabric-to-fabric and fabric-to-skin (gazelle skin) friction coefficients. Furthermore, positive correlations between yarn hairiness and weight loss, and yarn hairiness and thickness change after abrasion test, were observed. Additionally, a new parameter, the optical contact index (OCI), based on an image analysis method, was suggested to determine the surface properties and roughness of fabrics. Relationships between the OCI and other tested fabric surface properties were statistically analyzed. Statistical analyses showed that high correlations exist between the new parameter and fabric friction and abrasion resistance at the 0.05 significance level.

Improved abrasion resistance of textile fabrics due to polymer coatings

Textile fabrics are often subject to abrasion, starting from exposed parts of garments to a variety of technical textiles. Abrasion protection by usual coatings, however, can significantly decrease the water vapor transport through a fabric which is often not desired, especially in the case of garments. In our paper, we report on an approach to combine increased abrasion resistance with sufficient water vapor transport properties. For this, different polymers (poly(methyl methacrylate), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, or amorphous polyamides) were coated on cotton and polyester woven fabrics. The results of abrasion tests against sandpaper show significantly increased abrasion resistance. The absolute evaporation resistance, measured by a Permetest testing device, was only slightly increased up to values still acceptable for typical garments. Images of all coatings by helium ion microscopy deliver an explanation for the measuring results. Polymer coatings on the polyester fabric resulted in a slight reduction of the hydrophobicity, while coating the cotton fabric severely increased the contact angles of the originally superhydrophilic material.

Understanding thermomechanical failure of athletic textiles via the pendulum skid method

Fiber textiles worn by some athletes and basketball and volleyball players experience higher than usual thermomechanical stresses compared to everyday garments because these athletes slide and dive on hardwood courts. Common textile testing procedures, such as the Martindale abrasion tester, effectively test textiles under modest loads and thousands of cycles, but this methodology does not suffice for athletic textiles. In addition, there is not a robust model nor a repeatable test that mimics high thermomechanical stress on fabrics and provides insights on fabric abrasion resistance. We present a model to calculate the temperatures and strain rates that are seen by fabrics undergoing thermomechanical deformation. To enable validation of the model, a fabric pendulum abrasion tester, an adaptation of the Cooper pendulum skid tester, was developed. The tester characterizes high-strain fabric abrasion deformation. This adaptation is statistically reliable and induces repeatable and realistic fabric failure within tens to hundreds of cycles, proving to be analogous to the loads athletes place on their textiles. Analog electronics on the pendulum abrasion tester generate real-time temperature and velocity profiles. A series of 11 unique athletic fabrics were abrasion tested, and it was found that fabrics with macroporosity experience the largest abrasion degradation. Significant degradation sites were further explored using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis, and it was shown that thermomechanical loading’s effect on fiber microstructure is a function of the fabric construction. This novel abrasion tester and quantitative relationships between fabric structure and degradation mechanisms will enable more data-driven decisions when designing textiles for thermomechanical loads.