ABO Groups Research Articles

Study of ABO System and Multiple Sclerosis disease in Iraq

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of an autoimmune condition with uncertain etiopathology. According to new data, ABO system had played a role in the development and understanding numerous diseases. Lower level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25-OHD3) is considered as a risk factor for MS. The aims of this study is to identify the role of blood group distribution on the levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-OHD3, total calcium, inorganic phosphorus and total magnesium on MS patients. Additionally, we assessed the relation between Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and study parameters in patients. The Study included 107 patients with MS were distributed in to four groups according to their blood group (A, B, AB, and O). Additionally, 124 apparently healthy individuals as control group. Tukey analysis was showed the level of 25-OHD3 in patients with B+ was significant decrease than O+ and A+ patients group (P≤0.05). Furthermore, EDSS was negatively correlated with 25-OHD3 (P≤0.05) in B+ and O+ patient groups. Through this study, ABO group may be consider as a risk factor for MS susceptibility as another interesting variable.

Frequency of Red Blood Cells Sensitized with Allo-antibodies in cord blood in Atbara and Eldamer localities, Sudan

A direct antiglobulin test (DAT) is not routinely used in developing countries including Sudan. The direct antiglobulin test (DAT) is a screening test for antibodies present in an individual’s red cells and is used to diagnose hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). The study was to determine the prevalence of DAT among infants at Atbara and Eldamer. The study was designed as a descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out among neonates during January and February 2019 Atbara and Eldamer. ABO group and DAT were carried out among 100 samples of neonatal cord blood. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. A total of 100 neonates were recruited for the study. Among 100caces ABO incompatibility status was determined in 74 cases. The higher frequency was (O+, O+)(40%), the lower frequency was (AB+/AB+)(2%) while ABO incompatibility between neonates and mothers was found in 26 (26.0%) cases, The higher frequency of (A/O) incompatibility (15%), the lower frequency was (B+/A+),(AB+/A+)(1%) by the ABO group distribution at the Atbara & Eldamer localities. in this study positive DAT was detected in 2/100 (2.00%) cases (positive DAT was attributed to a typical antibody) two cases are the (O+/O+) group, These two neonates (O RhD positive) and the mothers (O RhD positive), The two cases of alloimmunization were mothers multipara without a history of past transfusions. The study concluded that sensitization with alloantibodies was found among neonatal blood which reflects the importance of detection of allo Abs among cord blood and mothers.

Is the Development of Gestational Diabetes Associated With the ABO Blood Group/Rhesus Phenotype?

AimsThere are few published data on the putative association between the ABO blood group/rhesus (Rh) factor and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Our aim was to explore the link between each one factor and GDM development.MethodsAll women having given birth at Lille University Medical Center (Lille, France) between August 1st, 2017, and February 28th, 2018, were tested for GDM, using the method recommended in the French national guidelines. The risk of GDM was assessed for each ABO blood group, each Rh phenotype and combinations thereof, using logistic regression models.Results1194 women had at least one GDM risk factor. The percentage of GDM varied with the ABO group (p=0.013). Relative to group O women, group AB women were more likely to develop GDM (OR = 2.50, 95% CI [1.43 to 4.36], p=0.001). Compared with the Rh-positive O group, only the Rh-positive AB group had an elevated risk of developing GDM (OR = 3.02, 95% CI [1.69 to 5.39], p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur results showed that Rh-positive group AB women have a greater risk of GDM. With a view to preventing GDM, at-risk individuals could be identified by considering the ABO blood group phenotype either as a single risk factor or in combination with other risk factors.

Associations of Clinical Factors and Blood Groups With the Severity of COVID-19 Infection in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia.

ContextThe possible associations between the different blood groups and clinical factors with COVID-19 infection among patients in Makkah city.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between ABO blood groups and COVID-19 infection in patients who were tested positive and to elucidate the most common ABO blood groups with a higher infectivity of COVID-19 and disease association.Materials and MethodsThis was an observational cross-sectional study that included COVID-19 patients diagnosed with PCR and who were hospitalized in Al-Noor Specialist Hospital (Makkah) during the period between March to November 2020. The ABO and Rhesus blood groups alongside the clinical characteristics were determined and retrieved from medical records and HESN of the Ministry of Health of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).ResultsThe overall confirmed COVID-19 cases included in this study were 1,583 patients who underwent positive PCR testing between March and November 2020. The frequencies of blood groups were as follows: group O+ (37%), group A+ (29.2%), group B+ (22.6%), group AB+ (5.1%), group O- (2.8%), group B- (1.8%), group A- (1.1%), and group AB- (0.4%). However, no significant correlations were observed for ABO groups and Rh types with the severity of COVID-19 illness. Conversely, signs and symptoms of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), pneumonia, and respiratory failure symptoms, alongside a history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic kidney diseases, and congestive heart failure significantly increased the risk of death from COVID-19 infection. Moreover, the rates of fever, cough, and asthma were markedly lower in the deceased group compared with the recovered group of patients.ConclusionThe association between the different blood groups with the prevalence and mortality of COVID-19 among infected patients has yet to be elucidated as we found no significant differences in the observed versus expected distribution of ABO phenotypes among the included cases. The prevalence of RDS, pneumonia, and respiratory failure was found higher among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the deceased group. However, other factors such as fever, cough, and asthma appeared to be more significantly lower than in the recovered group.

ABO and Rh Antigen Distribution Among Pregnant Women in South Western Uganda.

IntroductionABO and Rh are the major blood group systems in Transfusion Medicine, the ABO system based on two red cell antigens (A, B) while the Rh has about 50 antigens of which five are highly clinically significant (D, C, c, E, e). These vary among races and ethnic groups. Blood type phenotype incompatibility between mother and fetus may result in antigen mismatch, triggering alloimmunization, and thus causing hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR), which results in hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn (HDFN). This study aimed to determine the frequencies of ABO and rhesus blood group antigen in the pregnant women in South Western Uganda.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out on 1369 pregnant women who were recruited and provided consent to participate during their regular antenatal visits between August 2020 and July 2021. Four milliliters (4mL) of EDTA-anti-coagulated blood samples were collected and ABO and Rh-blood grouping including Rh antigen screening was done using the agglutination technology comprised of glass beads and reagent contained in a column of the Ortho Biovue ID Micro Typing System (Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, New Jersey, USA). The Rh antigen phenotypes and frequencies were then determined.ResultsThere was percentage distribution of 99.8%, c 99.3%, D 94.3%, C 19.2% and E 15.9%, with Rh cDe/cDe (65.1%) being the most common phenotype followed by cDe/CDe (15%), cDe/cDE (10.8%) and cDE/cDE 0.1% least common. The ABO grouping frequency was obtained as O 49.4%, A 29.5%, B 17.0% and AB 4.1%, with D positivity at 94.3%.DiscussionPopulation genetic variations result in varied expressions of red cell antigens that may have clinical complications. Knowledge of the presence of these Rh antigen distributions and phenotype frequencies during pregnancy help in rational management of the pregnancy, alloimmunization and better approach to safe blood transfusion.

ABO BLOOD TYPES AND INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN COVID-19 PNEUMONIA

TYPE: Abstract TOPIC: Chest Infections PURPOSE: It has been hypothesized that patients with Blood Type A are predisposed to inflammatory conditions and develop severe disease compared to Blood Type O in COVID-19. Our aim was to determine the association of blood type to inflammatory markers and 60 days in hospital survival. METHODS: This is a cohort study of patients admitted to 13 hospitals in New Jersey with a diagnosis of severe COVID-19 Pneumonia from March to June 2020. RESULTS: 190 patients were included and ABO groups were similar in demographics, onset of symptoms, level of oygen support, and treatment. There were no statistically significant differences between median values of Interleukin-6 in Type A (19 pg/mL), Type AB (22 pg/mL), Type B (17 pg/mL), and Type O (23 pg/mL)(P=0.5876); D-dimer in Type A (1.33 mcg/mL), Type B (1.48 mcg/mL), Type AB (3.05 mcg/mL), and Type O (1.84 mcg/mL)(P=0.7121); Ferritin in type A (1139 ug/L), type B (936 ug/L), Type AB (724 ug/L), and Type O (927 ug/L)(P=0.7412); and C-reactive protein in Type A (12.55 mg/mL), Type B (16.10 mg/mL), Type AB (10.25 mg/mL), and Type O (15.30 mg/mL)(P=0.5843). There were no difference in 60 days in hospital survival between ABO blood types. (P=0.532). CONCLUSIONS: Blood Type O is not protective of severe presentation of COVID-19 and Blood Type A is not associated with higher inflammatory markers compared to other ABO blood types. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Severity of COVID-19 disease is not influenced by ABO Blood Type. DISCLOSURE: Ronaldo C. Go was part of Hoffmann-LaRoche advisory committee for long term follow-up in COVID-19 in July 2020. He was given $600. KEYWORD: COVID-19

Comparisation of ABO blood groups between female patiens diagnosed with depressive disorders an bipolar affective disorders

IntroductionThe prevalence of ABO alleles in population is different. Many studies confirmed the correlation between the occurrences of some diseases with different genotypes of ABO blood groups. Studies had shown possible differencese between patients with depressive dissorder and bipolar affective disorders according to ABO blood groups. There are contradictory results; some studies had shown significant association between blood group O and BAP, other showed relationship between unipolar depression and blood type O. Others shoedn association between involuntary depression and blood group A and negative association between blood group A and BAP.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to reassess the potential diferences between patients with depressive dissorder and bipolar affective disorders according to ABO blood groups.MethodsA total of 97 adult female psychiatric inpatients participated in this study. 57,7% were diagnosed with depressive disorder and 42,3% were diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder. Type of ABO group were measured from the blood samples taken in the morning after 30 min rest. From whole blood, genomic DNA was isolated on QIAcube device (Qiagen, Germany) using QIAamp DNA Blood mini QIAcube kit (Qiagen, Germany). ABO genotyping on 5 basic ABO alleles was performed using allele-specific PCR.ResultsComparing ABO blood groups between female patients who are suffering from depressive disorders and bipolar affective disorders, we didn’t found any differences. In both examination groups, higher proportion of A blood group was significant.ConclusionsThe results of this study didn’t support the hypothesis of diferences in ABO blood group between depressive disorders and bipolar affective disorders.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Relationship between ABO Blood Group Distribution and COVID-19 Infection in Patients Admitted to the ICU: A Multicenter Observational Spanish Study.

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019, a relationship between the ABO blood group type and the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19, has been reported, noting that individuals with the O blood group are the least likely to be infected. Spain is one of the most badly affected countries worldwide, with high rates of patients diagnosed, hospitalized, and deceased due to COVID-19 infection. The present study aimed to analyze the possible relationship of ABO in COVID-19 patients hospitalized in different Spanish centers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, for which the ABO group was available. Physicians from the transfusion services of different Spanish hospitals, who have developed a multicenter retrospective observational study, were invited to participate voluntarily in the research and 12,115 patients with COVID-19 infection were admitted to the nine participating hospitals. The blood group was known in 1399 cases (11.5%), of which 365 (26.1%) were admitted to the ICU. Regarding the distribution of ABO blood groups, a significant increase in the non-O blood groups and reduction for the O blood group was observed in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19, compared to the reference general population. Among the patients admitted to the ICU, after multivariate analysis, adjusted for the rest of the confounding variables, patients with the O blood group presented a significantly lower risk for admission to the ICU. We conclude that an association was observed between patients with the O blood group and their lower susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, both for those admitted to the hospitalization ward and for those who required admission to the ICU.

A transplant compatible with all patients: A salvage underway

A transplant compatible with all patients: A salvage underway

Evaluation of Pattern of Lipid Profile of Subjects With Different Abo Groups in Madonna University Elele Rivers State Nigeria

This study looked into how the lipid profiles of people with various ABO blood groups varied. 50 healthy patients with varied ABO blood groups were studied, including 12 A, 12 B, and 10 AB and 16 O blood groups, all of whom appeared to be in good condition and appeared to be asymptomatic. Men and women between the ages of 15 and 25 years old provided informed consent and met the inclusion criteria. Colorimetric measurements of serum lipid profiles were performed on blood samples collected in accordance with routine operating protocols. The results were expressed as MeanSD, and the means of the groups were compared using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Values with p0.05 were considered significant, whereas those with p&gt;0.05 were not. Averages for TCH and TG in group A were 4.21 and 0.99 millimol/L, respectively. HDL and LDL were both 1.71 and 0.07 millimol/L higher in this group. TCH was 4.2 0.48 mmol/L, TG was 0.74 0.35 mmol/L, HDL was 1.6 0.62 mmol/L, and LDL was 2.26 0.45 mmol/L on average in group B. TCH (4.3 0.88 mmol/L), TG (0.96 0.49 mmol/L), HDL (1.8 0.52 mmol/L) and LDL (1.94 0.81 mmol/L) were found in the group AB patients. When the TCH, TG, HDL, and LDL mean values of the various ABO blood groups were examined, there was no significant difference (p&gt;0.05). This study's findings suggest that blood type has no effect on the serum lipid profile of healthy persons.

Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides as Antibiotic Substitutes Improve Growth Performance, Serum Immunity, Antioxidant Status, and Intestinal Health for Weaned Piglets.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of dietary Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) supplementation on the growth performance, immune response, serum antioxidant status, and intestinal health of weaned piglets. In total, 24 crossed healthy weaned piglets [Duroc × (Yorkshire × Landrace)], of similar body weight (7.47 ± 0.22 kg), were randomly allocated to three treatment groups: CON (basal diet); LBPs (basal diet plus 4,000 mg/kg LBPs); and antibiotic (ABO, basal diet plus 20 mg/kg flavomycin and 50 mg/kg quinocetone). There were eight pigs per group. The study lasted 28 days. When compared with CON, LBPs or ABO dietary supplementation increased average daily gain (P < 0.05), decreased the ratio of feed to gain and the diarrhea ratio (P < 0.05). Similarly, when compared with CON, LBPs dietary supplementation increased serum immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, interleukin-10, interleukin-2, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels (P < 0.05). Dietary LBPs enhanced the activity of serum total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase, and decreased malondialdehyde levels (P < 0.05). Principal component analysis showed a distinct separation between CON and LBPs groups, but no differences between ABO and LBPs groups. LBPs addition increased Lactobacillus and Faecalibacterium (P < 0.05) levels, while it decreased Enterococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae (P < 0.05) levels. Furthermore, when compared with the CON group, LBPs increased villus height (P < 0.05) and the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the duodenum and jejunum (P < 0.05). Thus, dietary supplementation with LBPs improved growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immunity, regulated intestinal microbial composition, and may be used as an efficient antibiotic alternative in weaned piglet feed.

Implementation of a blood bank generated tube for second blood group determination: Challenges, yield, and cost.

BackgroundThe second blood group determination or group check sample is a process of verifying the ABO group with a second blood sample prior to transfusion. It has been used to detect errors related to wrong blood in tube (WBIT) events and reduce the risk of ABO‐incompatible transfusions. To prevent the clinical team from collecting the group check sample at the same time as the first sample, a tan top tube only available from the blood bank was introduced for second blood group determinations if drawn within 24 h of the first group and screen.Study design and methodsThis is a retrospective study analyzing data from 2005 to 2020 before and after the implementation of the blood bank supplied tan top tube for group check. The number of WBIT events, transfusion delays, and health care costs were determined.ResultsThe number of WBIT events remained unchanged throughout the time period. No delays in transfusion or procedure were reported due to the tan top tube group check. There was no increase in group O transfusions over time. In comparison to using an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tube, the tan top tube was estimated to add an extra yearly cost of $790.79 Canadian dollars.ConclusionSecond blood group determination using the blood bank supplied tan top tube did not increase the number of WBIT events detected but ensured an independent sample draw. A minimal incremental cost of implementing the tan top tube was noted with no delay in transfusions or procedures.

Analysis of Blood Group Discrepancy in Healthy Blood Donors at a Tertiary Care Referral Hospital from Eastern India: A Retrospective Study.

Objective ABO typing constitutes cell grouping and serum grouping. The discrepancy may arise in ABO typing due to a mismatch in cell grouping and serum grouping. It may be due to technical errors, missing or weak ABO antibodies (type I), weak ABO subgroups (type II), Rouleaux formation (type III), or other miscellaneous reasons (type IV). This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and cause of ABO blood group discrepancy in donor samples at our center. Methods A retrospective study of ABO blood group typing of blood donors was conducted at our center. The blood group typing was routinely performed using gel cards and a microcentrifuge system (Tulip Diagnostics(P) Ltd, Goa, India). If any discrepancy in ABO typing was noted, the test was repeated using the conventional tube technique. After sorting clerical/technical error, the causes of discrepancy were analyzed and resolved using anti-A 1 , anti-H, anti-AB, and other immunohematological tests like antibody screening and identification, saliva inhibition test, adsorption-elution studies. Results A total of 12,715 (98.6% males and 1.4% females) donor samples were tested. The number of ABO discrepancies detected were 15 (0.12%). The discrepancies were characterized as type I (6 cases; 40%), type II (1 case; 6.7%), type III (0 cases; 0%), and type IV (8 cases; 53.3%). Three cases, each of anti-M and anti-Le b , were detected in the study population. A single case of A 3 , a subgroup of A blood group, was found during the study. Conclusion The prevalence of ABO group discrepancy was 0.12% at our center. Discrepancy arising during ABO typing of blood donor must be resolved before reporting ABO blood group to minimize the recipient's chances of transfusion reaction. The serum grouping is equally crucial as cell grouping for reporting the ABO group of an individual.

STUDY OF CORRELATION OF ABO AND RH INCOMPATIBILITY WITH RISK OF NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Background: Hyperbilirubinemia in a neonate is one of the most common problems that may occur in 60-70 % of term and 80% of preterm babies. It is known to be associated with signicant morbidity like neonatal bilirubin encephalopathy and even death. Clinically, and almost exclusively ABO incompatibility occurs in 'A' and 'B' blood group babies of O '+ve' mothers. These babies are reported to be at high risk of severe hyperbilirubinemia. So early intervention, at proper time, is mandatory to prevent these sequelae Methods: The aim is to determine the frequency of ABO and Rh blood group incompatibilities and associated incidence of hyperbilirubinemia for the purpose of instituting intervention for better neonatal outcomes. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study that includes 102 neonates born to mother with O or Rh-negative blood group admitted in the post-natal ward for routine newborn care. Serum bilirubin was documented in icteric neonates. Results: The incidence of ABO incompatibility in our study was 33.33% and of Rh incompatibility was 4.9%. In ABO and Rh incompatibility group, 41.17% and 20% new born respectively developed clinical jaundice. In ABO incompatibility group, majority, 64.28% did not require treatment, whereas in Rh incompatibility group 100% required treatment. In both ABO and Rh incompatibility exchange transfusion was not required. In ABO and Rh incompatibility, all new-born treated well and no kernicterus was seen. Conclusions: In ABO incompatibility, if jaundice develops, it remains in physiological limits. In presence of some aggravating conditions may present as pathological jaundice. It results in signicant morbidity but no mortality, so prevention of aggravating factors is very important, in case of ABO and Rh incompatibility.

SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Among Whole Blood Donors During First Wave of Covid-19 Pandemic in India.

The current study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG (S-protein) antibodies along with neutralizing assay (RBD-domain) among the whole blood donors without any prior Covid-19 history or symptoms visiting Blood Centre at a Tertiary care institution, South India amidst the ongoing pandemic. During September 2020 to March 2021, 1034 whole blood donors were enrolled into the study and were screened for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies using Chemiluminescence assay followed by neutralizing antibodies using surrogate neutralization ELISA. The study reported seroprevalence of 49.4%, (95% CI 46.3–52.5) among whole blood donors, with test sensitivity and specificity adjusted prevalence of 54.9% (95% CI 51.5–58.3). Seroprevalence was similar across age groups, gender, voluntary/replacement donations, area of residence, ABO and Rh groups without any statistical significance. However higher IgG antibody responses were found to be elicited in the 30–45 years age group when compared with 18–29 years age group (p value 0.046). This study also analysed the mean neutralizing capacity of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among 97 blood donors which was 71.9 (SD: + 21.03, range 15.5 to 97.3). Donor samples with SARS-CoV-2 IgG S/Co > 9.5 had significantly higher neutralising capacity (> 68%) when compared with donor samples of S/Co < 9.5 (p value 0.000). Real-time seroprevalence studies will help to know the herd immunityamong the blood donors which will assist in knowing the Covid-19 transmission dynamics, distribution of immunity levels at a particular point in time, immunity gaps, development of novel therapeutics and prioritize the vaccination programmes to high risk individuals.

ABO blood group in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage—a pilot study

To evaluate the distribution and impact of ABO blood group on the baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients presenting with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH). Retrospective, single-centre study of patients admitted to a neurosurgical department in the UK, with a diagnosis of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage between May 2014 and January 2020. Patients were categorised by ABO blood type and by Rhesus status. Clinical outcomes such as initial bleeding, rebleeding, delayed cerebral ischaemia (DIND) and venous thromboembolism were analysed in relation to the size of their association with ABO blood type. Hospital mortality rate, Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) - at discharge and 3months post-ictus, requirement for ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion, discharge destination and inpatient length of stay were also considered. Four-hundred twelve adult patients admitted with aSAH were included in our analysis. The distribution of ABO group or Rhesus status in our cohort did not differ significantly from the general population in the UK. Blood group A patients had a significantly increased risk of developing DIND, compared with non-blood group A patients (OR, 1.88 [95% CI: 1.10-3.21]). ABO blood type appears to influence aSAH sequelae. Blood group A patients are at highest risk of DIND following aSAH.

Role of the AB0 blood group in COVID-19 infection and complications: A population-based study

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the ABO blood group has been described as a possible biological marker of susceptibility for the disease. This study evaluates the role of ABO group on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and related complications in a population-based cohort including 87,090 subjects from the Navarre population (Northern Spain) with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and with known ABO blood group, after one year of the pandemic (May 2020 – May 2021). The risk of infection, hospitalization, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission and death was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for possible confounding variables. A lower risk of infection was observed in group 0 vs non-0 groups [OR 0.94 (95 %CI 0.90−0.99)], a higher risk of infection in group A vs non-A groups [OR 1.09 (95 %CI 1.04−1.15)] and a higher risk of infection in group A vs group 0 [OR 1.08 (95CI 1.03−1.14)] (when the 4 groups are analyzed separately). No association was observed between blood groups and hospitalization, ICU admission, or death in SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects. Regarding the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we observed a protective role of group O and a greater risk in the A group.

The Potential Impact of Blood System on Dietary Habits and Smoking.

The ‘Blood-Type’ diet advises individuals to eat according to their ABO blood group to improve their health and decrease the risk of chronic diseases. However, the food preferences of individuals with different blood groups have not been examined. The aim of our study was to investigate, in healthy regular blood donors (rBDs), the associations of smoke, alcohol, caffeine, vitamin and fat intake with their different blood groups and if ABO groups could be a potential predictor tool for disease prevention. A total of 329 volunteers were divided into four groups according to their ABO types: Group 1 (A) comprised 141 rBDs; Group 2 (B), 65 rBDs; Group 3 (O), 96 rBDs; and Group 4, 27 rBDs. Additionally, they were divided into two groups according to their rhesus types and their preferences for smoke, too. Dietary intake was assessed using 3-day food recall and the Food Processor computer program for nutrient analysis. Alcohol, caffeine, sugar and Vitamin D consumption were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the O group. The A group presented statistically significantly (p < 0.05) greater preferences for cholesterol intake and a higher trend for smoking (25%) habits compared with all the other groups, whereas Group B preferred more fatty foods. The blood group AB appeared to be the most controlled food intake group. Regarding the rhesus comparisons, alcohol; caffeine; and Vitamin C, D, E and K consumptions were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in rhesus-positive individuals than their rhesus-negative counterparts. For the non-smoker group, compared with the smokers, a higher consumption of Vitamin D and fibers was found. In conclusion, in the present study, statistically significant correlations of the ABO and rhesus system with some dietary parameters were found, indicating a consequent influence of these preferences on the progression of different diseases.

Effect of cryoprecipitate transfusion without ABO group consideration: A nightmare experience

The cryoprecipitate is an essential blood product as they are rich in factor VIII, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, factor XIII, and fibronectin, and their volume is too small. They play a significant role in the management of massive transfusion nowadays. Usually, they are used without ABO group consideration. We here report a case in which immunohematological problems arose due to out-of-group transfusion of cryoprecipitate. We suggest that the possibility of incompatibility subsequently is to be kept in mind during transfusion of large quantity cryoprecipitate, and ABO group compatible may be preferred.

The Prevalence of ABO, Rh and Bombay Blood Group among Donors at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mangalore, India

Introduction: Blood types were first discovered by an Austrian physician, Karl Landsteiner. He found that blood sera from different persons would clump together (agglutinate) when mixed in test tubes, and some human blood also agglutinated with animal blood. The study of different blood groups is important as it has major role in blood transfusion, certain medico-legal cases especially disputed paternity etc. Aim: This study was carried out to find the prevalence of ABO, Rhesus (Rh) and Bombay blood group among donors at a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: The present retrospective study was done at a tertiary care hospital of Mangalore, Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka, India from June 2018 to May 2019 with data analysis done in November 2019. Data of 8,254 blood donors were collected and analysed regarding ABO, Rhesus and Bombay group from June 2018 to May 2019. Blood grouping was done by automated method using agglutination technique. The data collected was analysed by frequency and percentage. Results: The total donors studied were 8,254 with mean age of 48 years. The most common blood group was O (n=3178,38.5%) followed by B (n=2343, 28.38), A (n=2102, 25.47%), AB (n=629, 7.62%) and Bombay (n=2, 0.02%), respectively. Rh positivity among donors were 94% (n=7762). Rest were Rh negative and were found to be approx. 6% (n=490). Conclusion: The most common blood group among donors was O Rh positive and the least common was Bombay blood group. Every blood bank should have a record of frequency of ABO and Rh grouping as it is important for its effective management. Safe transfusion reduces the risk of transfusion transmitted illnesses and thus promotes patient safety