Abnormal Weather Conditions Research Articles

Life Tables of the Apple Blossom Weevil Populations (Anthonomus pomorum L.) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) on Apple and Pear Trees in Urbanized Territories of Moscow and Tver Provinces

K-factor life tables and mortality factors of the apple blossom weevil Anthonomus pomorum (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations on apple and pear trees in three urbanized territories in Moscow and Tver provinces for three subsequent years are presented. The larva was the most affected stage. Among the biotic factors, the larvae and pupae were damaged by entomopathogenic microorganisms (presumably bacteria), the parasitoid wasps Pteromalus varians Spinola (= P. grandis Walker) (Pteromalidae), and predators, mainly thrips and sometimes pirate bugs of the genus Anthocoris. In 2016, the strongest effect of the biotic mortality factors on A. pomorum was observed on apple trees in the natural biocenosis of Dubki Park in Moscow, with the total residual mortality ΣK = 0.163; the weakest effect was observed on pear trees in a garden plot of Agronom horticultural partnership in Kimry District of Tver Province (ΣK = 0.079); the total residual mortality of the pest on apple trees in the test plot of the Laboratory of Plant Protection (Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow) had an intermediate value of ΣK = 0.097. In 2018, the following mortality factors acting on A. pomorum population in Dubki Park were determined: diseases accounted for 2.8% of mortality (k = 0.012); predators, for 1.2% (k = 0.006); parasitoids, for 0.4% (k = 0.002); unknown factors (other than rains), for 18.5% (k = 0.093). In the test plot of the Laboratory of Plant Protection, the weevil mortality from the same factors was 1.35% (k = 0.006), 0.46% (k = 0.002), 0%, and 8.9% (k = 0.041), respectively. In 2017, rains were the dominant mortality factor for the III instar larvae. According to the life tables of A. pomorum on apple and pear trees in Moscow and Tver provinces, the survival of preimaginal stages sheltered inside the flower buds was very high, reaching 64–92%. An attempt was made to estimate the urbanization pressure using two main parameters derived from the life tables: the total population mortality during preimaginal development and mortality from parasitoids. In the growing season with the climatic conditions close to the long-term average, the effect of the urbanization factor on A. pomorum population could be assessed using the first parameter; however, in the season with abnormal weather conditions such assessment was found to be impractical, due to the varying effect of extraordinary precipitation levels on different weevil populations.

Regional Background Air Pollution and Its Dynamics According to Monitoring Data in the Moscow Region

The long-term values of background characteristics of air pollution at the background monitoring station in the Prioksko-Terrasny Biosphere Reserve are presented. A comparison with similar observations at other monitoring stations in the European part of Russia, as well with sanitary and hygienic standards is given. Conditions for the achievement of the standards (abnormal weather conditions and technogenic disasters) are indicated.

Актуальные вопросы развития мелиорации в Нечерноземье

Current situation and agricultural management on the non-black earth area of Russia arebeing gradually worsen by the negative natural factors such as a significant increase of weather based climatic abnormal risks, deterioration of agro-meliorative conditions of agricultural lands because of colonization by tree and shrubbery vegetation and secondary bog formation, hidden degradation of soil fertility. When combined with functional loss of ameliorative complex and meliorative systems amortization, regional agriculture adaptation possibilities were rapidly limited. Production shortfall due no abnormal weather conditions for particular field crops was 19…48% during last five years, level of business realization of bioclimatic potential on a field was decreased by 7…12%.The complete realization of regional agricultural adaptive potential to weather based climatic changes and limitation of greenhouse gases emissions is possible on a basis of regeneration ofalll functions and aspects of ameliorative complex management. Toward this goal the coordinated actions of federal and regional management of Agricultural Complex, Scientific and Educational institutions, project foundations and managers are needed in a relation to human resources, scientific and regulatory supply. Any incomplete treatment in these fields inherent in visual negative consequences for food security and social economic development of rural areas of non-black earth zones not only at the current historical moment, but in a future also. Fundamental influence of solving of these problems deserves to scientific supply of innovative ameliorative complex, renewal of which should be based on principals of resources and energy preservation, nature management, computerization and digitalization management. During a long term research it was established that increase of average vegetation period temperature by lоСhas increased productivity of winter wheat, barley and summer wheat in average on 0,7 tons per ha, winter wheat and oat on 0,4 tons per ha, potatoes – 8,2 tons per ha, edible roots-6,4 tons per ha, cabbage 9,8 tons per ha, dry basis of herbage of multi and one age grasses–0,5 and 0,7 tons per ha. Increase of СО2 Concentration from 0,35 to 0,45% during last twenty years contributed into grow of yield in regional agriculture which can be estimated as 0,3 tons per ha per measure; searching remedy for agroclimatical risks decreasing production became drainage and irrigation systems (decrease 3…5 times);new method of reclamation of abandoned areas with transformation of biomass of tree and shrubbery vegetation into biochar makes it possible to decrease СО2 emissions up to times and get an adverse balance of СО2;secondary reclamation of lands covered by trees and shrubbery on area of 22ha used for vegetables and area of 37ha used for forage crops could supply a farmer with work and revenue sufficient for maintenance of one child what is on the major facts of population declaim in rural areas.

The Arctic and the Central Black Earth Region: from the history of natural and cultural relations

The article shows the role of regional offices of the Russian geographical society in providing information about the Arctic and its significance for the population of the Central black earth region. The form of presenting information to the public is a popular lecture with elements of a virtual tour. The content reveals two questions: why the weather and climate changes in the Arctic affect the weather in Central Russia; which of the representatives of the Central black earth region contributed to the study of the Arctic. The reasons and consequences of abnormal weather conditions in Central Russia as direct and indirect consequences of weather and climate conditions and changes in the Arctic region are given. The Arctic is a region of mysteries that have not yet been fully solved. The civil-Patriotic theme is revealed in the history of the conquest and exploration of the Arctic by the inhabitants of the Central black earth region. The article reveals the methods of making a virtual tour and provides fragments of the content of a popular lecture. The work was performed for two audiences: the Youth club of the RGO (Russian geographical society), where the age ranges from 15 to 30 years, and the lecture hall of the regional branch of the RGO (Russian geographical society) in the Kursk region, where the age ranges from 30 to 70 years. The article presents interactive methods of working with students and the results of the work performed.

A blocking diagnosis method and its application in the blocking system over Europe in the Summer of 2010

The blocking phenomenon has received considerable attention from many researchers due to its impact on weather and human life. This paper aims to provide a new blocking definition with applicability to observations. The daily National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data for the Northern Hemisphere of geopotential height at a level of 500 hPa during the summer season of 2010 was used in this study. Additionally, observations for several meteorological variables over the Northern Hemisphere, including Europe, through that period were collected and analyzed. By applying the new blocking definition over the Northern Hemisphere, three blocking events persisted over Europe for a duration of 5, 17 and 36 days. The exact total days of blocking events that persisted over Europe was 58 days in the summer of 2010. Moreover, during the blocking events in the summer of 2010 abnormal weather conditions, extremely hot, dry and increased pressure over Europe observed.

ВКЛАД АНОМАЛИЙ ЛЕДЯНОГО ПОКРОВА БАРЕНЦЕВА И КАРСКОГО МОРЕЙ В ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ РЕЖИМА ЦИРКУЛЯЦИИ И ТЕМПЕРАТУРЫ СЕВЕРНОЙ ЕВРАЗИИ С СЕРЕДИНЫ 1990-Х ГОДОВ

The intra-seasonal features of changes in the surface air temperature in winter of the North of Eurasia are considered for the purpose to find a relationship between them and the reduction of the ice cover area in the Barents and Kara seas and the atmospheric circulation modes in 1979–2013. Regression estimates and analysis of the regional distribution of the relationship between winter temperature, geopotential height anomalies of 500 hPa and an index of the Scandinavian mode (Scand) with the ice cover area anomalies show that its autumn reduction contributes significantly to the formation of Arctic invasions and abnormal cold weather conditions in Northern Eurasia at the beginning of winter – in December and January. In February, which, according to the received estimates, is associated by 90% with the trend towards decreasing of the average winter temperature in the North of Eurasia since the mid-1990s, the linear dependence of the Scand index and the temperature anomalies on the autumn reduction of ice cover is not found. The stable dependence of cold anomalies in the North of Eurasia at the beginning of winter on the strengthening of Scand allows us to consider it the main circulation mechanism that determines the intensity, scale and regional structure of these anomalies. In turn, the connection of the Scand anomalies with the ice cover area of the Barents and Kara seas in October indicates their potential predictability, which can be used to predict the circulation conditions for the formation of abnormal frosts in Siberia and the European part of Russia in December and January.

The Effect of Weather Conditions on Fertilizer Applications: A Spatial Dynamic Panel Data Analysis

Given the extreme dependence of agriculture on weather conditions, this paper analyses the effect of climatic variations on this economic sector, by considering both a huge dataset and a flexible spatio-temporal model specification. In particular, we study the response of N-fertilizer application to abnormal weather conditions, while accounting for other relevant control variables. The dataset consists of gridded data spanning over 21 years (1993-2013), while the methodological strategy makes use of a spatial dynamic panel data (SDPD) model that accounts for both space and time fixed effects, besides dealing with both space and time dependences. Time-invariant short and long term effects, as well as time-varying marginal effects are also properly defined, revealing interesting results on the impact of both GDP and weather conditions on fertilizer utilizations. The analysis considers four macro-regions - Europe, South America, South-East Asia and Africa - to allow for comparisons among different socio-economic societies. In addition to finding both spatial (in the form of knowledge spillover effects) and temporal dependences as well as a good support for the existence of an environmental Kuznets curve for fertilizer application, the paper shows peculiar responses of N-fertilization to deviations from normal weather conditions of moisture for each selected region, calling for ad hoc policy interventions.

Analysis of Underground Cable Fault Techniques Using MATLAB Simulation

In populated areas, underground cables are using for Electrical distribution and transmission purposes, due to this, underground cables have more advantages than overhead transmission line during abnormal weather condition including rain, and thunderstorm. But calculation and determination of the exact position of fault location occur, have been a significant challenge in the underground. In this paper, different techniques like Sectionalizing, thumper, and time domain reflectometry and MATLAB simulation technique-based reusing for determining fault location in underground cable systems and the also factors that affect the fault location are discussed.

АНАЛИЗ СИСТЕМЫ «ОСАДКИ-ПОЧВА-ДРЕНАЖ» В УСЛОВИЯХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ КЛИМАТА НА СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДЕ РОССИИ

Purpose: to analyze the soil-climatic and anthropogenic reasons of decreasing drainage efficiency of closed pottery tubular drainage on the reclaimed lands of the North-West of Russia under the observed local weather conditions against the background of global climate changes. Materials and methods. The objects of research are seasonal precipitation regimes, reclaimed lands and drainage systems of closed tubular drainage. The methods of applied mathematical statistics, the ensemble method of processing and generalization of climate forecasts of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), modernized by the authors were used in research. Monitoring data on changes in the physical properties of soils of reclaimed lands during their long-term operation were obtained using laboratory agrophysical methods for studying samples taken in the field. Results. It is shown that under the conditions of the observed climatic changes, the frequency, intensity and extremeness of atmospheric precipitation are increased. Long-term exploitation of lands with a leaching drainage regime is accompanied by changes in the hydrophysical properties of soils, for example, the coefficient of heterogeneity of the subsurface horizons of soils texture of automorphic genesis decreased from 26 to 6. The system “precipitation – soil – drainage” in climatically abnormal weather conditions exceeding the initial calculated precipitation level mode by 10–20 %, is unable to ensure the removal of excess moisture from the root layer. Conclusions: when creating and reconstructing such reclamation drainage systems it is recommended to take into account the tendencies of changes in the spatial-temporal statistical structure of precipitation and to design technologies for regulating the water regime with systems for intercepting and diverting surface runoff on such reclaimed lands.

HAZARDOUS MARINE HYDROLOGICAL PHENOMENA IN THE NORTHWESTERN PART OF THE BLACK SEA

Problem Statement and Purpose. The important object of investigation is the Northwestern part of the Black sea. The Northwestern part of the Black sea located in Ukraine with a big population on the cost under the influence of climate change that reflected on economic potential of the region. The examples of natural phenomena with negative influence to the social - economic situation of the region and safety of population were considered as well. Purpose is the scientific review about the general specification and development tendencies of the hazardous marine hydrological phenomena in the Northwestern part of the Black sea. Data & Methods. The sea level dynamic, the intensity of abnormal weather condition, ice regime formation, salinization in the river mouth areas, etc. were considered, hi tlie processing of information and data set methods of mathematical statistics were used. Results. Because of the general increasing of the Black Sea level, one should expect a further increasing of the negative impact of hazardous surges to the infrastructure and ports activities in the Northwestern part of the sea. The appearance of a draft in the port’s area occurs after an eastern direction stonn with a speed of 10-15 m s 1 and duration of 20 horns was established, hi most cases, this phenomenon is preceded by the emergence of Mediterranean cyclones and local cyclogenesis in the Southwestern part of the Black Sea. Over the past 30 years, the frequency of mild winters in the Black Sea has increased by about 15 %, and the frequency of mild and severe winters has decreased by 4 % and 19 %, respectively. There were changes in the time of the appearance of ice, and cleansing the sea from ice regime. In the northwestern part of the Black Sea, ice formation is obseived later by 2-3 weeks, and ice cleansing is 1-2 weeks earlier than in the past years. The duration of tlie ice regime period also decreased - by about a month. During the last 100 years, the Black sea level has been slowly rising and in the future, if the tendency of increasing continues or intensifies, the magnitude of the surges of water level in the coastal zone and the distribution range of the surges deep into the Danube Delta will be increased. As a result of data analyses the regular appearance of a “wedge” of salty water in the non-tidal mouth of the Danube occurred during the low-water period with a steady wind from the sea side was found. According modern satellite data the human press impact as a large scale euthrophication phenomenon in the Northwestern marine area and near bottom hypoxia as well had been marked. Keywords: northwestern part of the Black Sea, sea level, ice regime, salinization in river mouths, euthrophication phenomenon.

Prevention of migraine during prodromal phase caused by weather changes

Although migraine has been reported to have different inducing factors, changes in weather parameters such as atmospheric pressure, rain, humidity, temperature, wind, and lightning are well known important environmental factors. In recent years, reports of abnormal weather conditions such as heat waves in summer, heavy snow in winter, localized heavy rain, and abnormally light rain, as well as tropical cyclones are increasing. In today’s extreme weather conditions, the worsening, diver­sification, and chronicity of migraine symptoms is concerning, and a higher level of treatment for migraine is required than ever before. Drug therapy is used as the principal treatment for migraine. If the acute treatment alone interferes with daily life, the principle is to combine daily preventive therapies to reduce the frequency, severity, and duration of the migraine attacks. However, there are several cases wherein migraine is poorly controlled only with their combination. Several patients with migraine experience prodromal symptoms, including stiff neck and shoulder as well as sensitivity to light and sound, before migraine attacks. In recent years, it has been reported that sensors for detecting atmospheric pressure exist in the vestibular part of the inner ear, and it has been shown that changes in atmospheric pressure may activate the vestibular nerve activity. We reported that difenidol, a vestibular nerve modulator, was administered to prevent or alleviate migraine attacks during the prodromal phase caused by change in weather. Prevention during the prodromal phase and prevention based on weather prediction are new treatment strategies for migraine. In today’s extreme weather conditions, 3–P therapy that combines the three treatment strategies of prevention, prodrome, and prediction is useful.

The impacts of abnormal weather and natural disasters on transport and strategies for enhancing ability for disaster prevention and mitigation

Abnormal weather and natural disasters have become more frequent and serious around the world in recent years. Heavy rain, ice, snow, fog and haze impacts transport systems seriously and differently. Based on reviewing the relevant research on the prevention and control of traffic meteorological disasters at home and abroad, this study firstly illustrates the micro mechanism of different abnormal weathers’ influences on transport, and then analyzes cases of damage to transport system due to different abnormal weather conditions in China in recent years. Lastly, it discusses several key strategies, especially policy recommendations, for prevention of transport congestion and traffic accidents in abnormal bad weather.

ЗИМНЕЕ ГНЕЗДОВАНИЕ СКАЛЬНОГО ГОЛУБЯ COLUMBA RUPESTRIS В ПРИМОРСКОМ КРАЕ

Having observed several pairs of rock pigeons, the nesting of the Columba rupestris was recorded for the first time in the middle of the winter season. According to the data collected by the authors in the vicinity of the city of Ussuriysk, the nesting period of this species generally continues through October, and the latest meeting date for the gatherings was recorded on 02.11.2003. However, in 2019, we first established the breeding of the rock pigeon in January. Abnormal weather conditions (a very warm winter), and the abundance of food available due to the complete absence of snow cover, could account for winter-time nesting and breeding of the rock pigeon, whose local population is rapidly becoming synanthropic.

SVR 기반 단기 전력수요 예측 알고리즘 개발

In recent years, precise power demand has become more important due to the constant increase in demand for electricity and abnormal weather conditions. Due to the abnormal weather conditions such as heat wave during summer season, electric power demand forecast error is increasing due to increase of heating and cooling load and this leads to economic losses due to the lowering of the stability of the power system and the increase in the cost of additional power purchase. In this paper, we propose a short-term power demand prediction algorithm based on Support Vector Regression which is an artificial intelligence technique. We implemented a short-term prediction model based on public data through correlation analysis such as temperature, time, and past electricity demand. In order to analyze the model performance, we analyzed the kernel function and slack variable value which are SVR parameter values. Finally, cross validation was performed to solve the overfitting problem.

Measurement of Snow Density According to Regional Snow Depth in South Korea

As a result of abnormal weather conditions, such as climate change, the amount of snow damage has increased rapidly; hence, the need for countermeasures against heavy snow damage has increased. The most severe snow damage in South Korea has occurred in greenhouses. The snow damage caused in greenhouses is 76.7 billion KRW per year, and the cumulative damage area is 20,279 hectares. Snow density varies depending on snow depth, air temperature, and humidity. Depending on the weather conditions, snow density varies up to 7 times. Therefore, in this study, snow density was measured using snow depth field data. Based on weather data from the Korea Meteorological Administration and a disaster report, an area in Gangwon Province was selected as the target area. In Gangwon Province, five administrative districts were selected for field data sampling. The results showed that the density of snow increased as snow depth increased. Based on the results of this study, it was judged that the design of buildings and greenhouses could be more appropriate if snow load or snow density are used as variables. Keywords: Snow Damage, Snow Load, Sampling, Snow Density

On the opportunities of diagnosis and forecast of deep convection during operational activity

Introduction. The increase of cyclonic storms intensity is one of the manifestations of widespread climate change. This determines emergence of extreme weather phenomena resulting in human and economic losses. Convective phenomena causing economic damage which increased significantly in recent years present one of the causes of abnormal weather conditions.
 The purpose. The purpose of this article is to substantiate and to evaluate the technique of identification and forecasting the meteorological conditions “warning” of a high convective phenomena potential that leads to destructive consequences.
 RAOB software along with GFS data were used when conducting the study.
 Results. The technique of forecasting the phenomena connected with deep convection within the territory of Ukraine was tested in the article. It establishes the extent to which the existing criterial values of quantitative characteristics of convection allow forecasting the occurrence of weather phenomena related to it, their evolution and movement. Given the current spatio-temporal constraints to use the data of atmospheric radio sounding, the authors apply the combination of those with GFS forecasting data. It expands opportunities for forecasting such phenomena as thunderstorms and tornadoes. In particular, the use of forecasting data of wind profile, temperature advection intensity and humidity makes it possible to determine the trend to change of factors affecting convection intensity.
 Conclusion. Combining the radio sounding data with the forecasting numerical modelling data makes it possible to increase the efficiency of convective phenomena forecasts due to the opportunity of recording the dynamics of changes of stratification of atmosphere and moisture accumulation in its lower levels.
 Directions for future research. Adaptation of existing criterial values of convection parameters for the territory of Ukraine and determination of their forecasting significance will play an important role in future studies. However, absence of a systemized database associated with occurrence and evolution of convective phenomena make the task more complicated. That is why creation thereof is required.

Profit analysis of a two-unit cold standby system model operating under different weather conditions

Generally, each machine or products are used by the human being up to its maximum capacity. If a system is performing beyond its capacity/defined conditions by the manufacturer called, the system is working under abnormal weather conditions. While, a system is performing within its capacities/stated conditions set by manufacturer called as the system working in abnormal weather conditions, for example; a car is functioning exceeding its accommodating capacity can be termed as working under abnormal weather conditions; a hydraulic machine exceeding its weight uplifting capacity of 500 tons by lifting 600 tons is termed as working under abnormal weather conditions. To overcome in such a situation, only effective maintenance strategies and suitable structure design of redundant system are the crucial factors which keep the standby system operational without failures for longer period of time. In fact, proper functioning of service mechanism and the reliability of system are strongly associated with each other. In the present paper, a water supply system simulate that is functioning of two-unit cold standby system with facilities of preventive maintenance, inspection and repair operating under different weather conditions with priority to preventive maintenance over inspection. The units are identical in nature. The single server only works under normal weather conditions capable of performing three operations inspection, repair and preventive maintenance responds to system instantly. The replacement of units is suggested if repair is impossible to perform during inspection. The operative unit undergoes for preventive maintenance after a specific time of operation. Repair of the unit is done by the server at its complete failure. All random variables are statistically independent. It is assumed that the failure rate and rate by which system undergoes for preventive maintenance are constant whereas the inspection rate, repair rate and maintenance rate follows negative exponential distribution. The expressions/graphs for several reliability measures are derived/depicted in steady state using regenerative point technique and semi-Markov process to determine the nature of the system.

Indirect Vector Controlled Asynchronous Motor Drive’s Dynamic Performance and Analysis with A New Modified MPPT Controller

Generation of electricity from the PV system has nowadays chosen as a best energy collecting source, due to its abundance availability and also to save the conventional energy sources to the future generation. Because all the conventional sources are coming to an extinct. That is the reason, everybody are looking towards the available renewable energy resources like wind, solar, bio mass, ocean, tidal and geothermal. But, upon those, solar and wind sources are maximum preferred sources, due to their easy availability and easy way of collection of energy. This paper presents a modeling of solar photovoltaic (PV) array with a new modified maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller, which enhances the PV system performance even at abnormal weather conditions. That the existed MPPT controllers were developed based upon the ideal characteristics of constant irradiance with variable temperature and constant temperature with variable irradiance. To overcome the above problem a practical data is considered for designing of MPPT controller which is based upon variable irradiance. But here, it is developed with the variable irradiance and variable temperature with better performance of the system. The output obtained from the PV with a new modified MPPT is given to the boost converter with an inverter to find the dynamic performance of an indirect vector controlled asynchronous motor drive under different operating conditions. For inverter control, a space vector modulation (SVM) algorithm is used, in which the calculation of switching times is proportional to the instantaneous values of the reference phase voltages. The dynamic performance responses like phasor current, torque and speed of the drive by the new modified MPPT along with SVM controlling technique of the inverter are compared and analyzed with the existed method for different operating conditions.

Privacy-Preserving Top-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> Route Computation in Indoor Environments

Most of us live our daily lives in various types of indoor environments. With the rapidly increasing air pollution and abnormal weather conditions occurring all over the world, the importance of indoor space is expected to increase in the future. As the importance of indoor spaces has increased, there have been extensive efforts to understand the indoor behavior patterns of individuals by collecting and analyzing their indoor positioning data. However, indiscriminate collection of indoor location information may raise significant privacy issues, because it is possible to infer sensitive information by analyzing their indoor location data. Thus, there is a need to develop a technology capable of: 1) collecting individuals’ indoor positioning data while not violating privacy requirements and 2) analyzing their movement patterns, based on the indoor positioning data set collected in a privacy-preserving manner. Recently, there has been a growing interest in local difference privacy (LDP) that can protect individual privacy in the process of data collection. The main concept of LDP is adding carefully designed noise to sensitive data at the data contributor’s side and directly sending the noisy data to a data collector, guaranteeing that the original data are not exposed to the outside. In this paper, we first develop a method to collect individuals’ indoor positioning information by leveraging LDP, and then, we introduce an effective approach to compute top- $k$ routes between two points in indoor environments by leveraging the indoor positioning data sets collected in an LDP manner. Experimental results show that the proposed approach well exploits the indoor positioning data collected in an LDP-compliant manner, and a good estimation of top- $k$ routes can be achieved with the proposed method and a large data set.

A Study on the Temperature Reduction Effect of Street Green Area

Global climate change caused by industrialization has caused abnormal weather conditions such as urban temperatures and tropical nights, urban heat waves, heat waves, and heavy rains. Therefore, the study tried to analyze climate conditions and weather conditions in the streets and analyze climate factors and meteorological factors that lead to inconvenience to citizens. In the case of trees, the overall temperature, surface temperature, solar irradiance, and net radiation were measured low, and the temperature was lower in the Pedestrian road than in roads. The dry bulb temperature, the black bulb temperature, and the wet bulb temperature for the thermal evaluation showed the same tendency. In the case of thermal evaluation, there was a similar tendency to temperature in WBGT, MRT, and UTCI, and varied differences between types. Although the correlation between the meteorological environment and the thermal environment showed a statistically significant significance, the difference between the measured items was not significant. The study found that the trees were generally pleasant to weather and thermal climate in the form of trees, and the differences were mostly documented.