Abnormal Conditions Research Articles

Distribution System Survey and Analysis: A Case Study of Kathmandu University

Load flow analysis helps to understand a power system's voltage profile and power flow distribution, enabling the identification of potential issues such as overloading and under-voltage conditions. Fault analysis ensures reliability and safety by understanding and mitigating abnormal conditions in electrical distribution systems. Together, they contribute to efficient operation, equipment protection, and overall system reliability. This paper presents the Kathmandu University distribution system's load flow and fault analysis. Starting from the careful study of the power usage of the Kathmandu University distribution system then followed by the load flow analysis employed in the Dig Silent Power factory software, critical insights into the system’s performance were unveiled. Additionally, fault analysis within the simulated distribution system provides valuable data to enhance the understanding of the different patterns of currents for the various types of faults that occur at different locations of the Kathmandu University distribution system. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the Kathmandu University distribution system. It identifies potential issues that can help to make the Kathmandu University power system more reliable and efficient in the future.

Indicator of abnormal cathode electron emission state with gas flow in Hall thrusters

The accurate diagnosis of abnormal electron emission state in hollow cathodes is crucial for the stable operation of Hall electric propulsion systems. In this study, a method of reducing the cathode working gas flow rate was used to simulate abnormal working conditions in which the cathode electron emission state (CEES) was deteriorating. By analyzing and comparing the oscillation signals under abnormal and steady-state working conditions, it was found that as the CEES deteriorated, the power content of the breathing oscillation decreased in the 1–40 kHz frequency band, and the main frequency decreased; in contrast, the power content of the transit-time oscillation increased in the 100–500 kHz range, and the main frequency was on the rise. Combined with the current growth rate analysis of breathing and transit-time oscillations, when the cathode gas flow rate decreases, the CEES deteriorates, the coupling voltage drop increases, and the potential drop in the channel decreases. The electron temperature and nonlinear power absorption of the electrons decrease, leading to a decrease in the growth rate of breathing oscillations and the breathing oscillation weakens; however, the time-averaged ion velocity and ion sound velocity in the channel decrease simultaneously, but the ion velocity decreases significantly faster than the ion sound velocity, leading to an increase in the growth rate of the transit-time oscillation, and the transit-time oscillation strengthen. Through comparison of the oscillation signals under different working conditions, such as varied anode flow rate, anode voltage, magnetic induction, it was proven to be a unique feature of CEES deteriorates, and can be used as an indicator of CEES deteriorates during the on-orbit operation of the Hall-effect thrusters.

Combination of deep tissue massage and stretching: Does it affect the healing of low back pain injuries?

Background and Study Aim. Low Back Pain (LBP) is an abnormal condition in the lower back which is accompanied by a painful sensation so that it will experience limitations in moving. Therefore, the need for special treatment in dealing with Low Back Pain (LBP) in order to reduce pain. Material and Methods. This research is a pre-experimental research using the approach one group pretest and posttest design. In this study, the results of the initial test data (pretest) were measured in the form of low back pain results with VAS, Modified Schober Test, Fingertip to Floor, and ODI, then giving treatment by combining deep tissue massage with stretching. Therapy is given to patients 3 times a week for 3 weeks, then the final data measurement (Posttest) is carried out. The subjects of this study were patients at the LKP Rumah Sehat Mandiri clinic for the last 5 months who had experienced low back pain injuries. Sampling in this study used purposive sampling so that there were 20 people with an age range of 20-60 years. The analysis in this study uses the SPSS Version 26 application. Results. The results showed that the indicators of pain, flexion, extension, right flexion, left flexion and function had a significant effect using a combination of deep tissue massage and stretching with a significant value si showing 0.000 < 0.05. In the left flexion indicator, a significance value of 0.001 < 0.05 was obtained, so it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in the deep tissue massage combination of stretching treatment. Conclusions. The results of this study provide evidence that the combination of deep tissue massage and stretching provides a significant reduction in the healing of low back pain injuries in patients. That way a combination of deep tissue massage and stretching can be applied to treat low back pain injury healing.

Application of Non-Fuel Power Generation Technology in Steel Industry

Through continuous equipment technology transformation and full utilization of Ma Steel's abundant gas, the boiler no longer relies on fuel oil for stable combustion during boiler startup, sliding parameter shutdown, and RB, thus achieving safe and stable operation of the boiler under any abnormal working conditions, and achieving good economic and social benefits.

Wasserstein local slow feature analysis and its application to process monitoring

Abstract Complex industrial processes are commonly characterized by dynamics, which results from the fact that there exists compensation of the closed-loop control and complex reflux during process operations. In this work, we propose a new method termed Wasserstein local slow feature analysis approach (WLSFA) used for monitoring the dynamic process, which can learn slowly varying information to capture the trend of process variations and characterize dynamics. Specifically, Wasserstein graph embedding based on optimal transport is proposed to preserve the local geometrical structure of raw data so that the reduced-dimensional representations can more faithfully reveal the underlying information of data, enhancing monitoring performance. Moreover, the l_2 -norm orthogonal constraint is incorporated into the objective function to improve generalization ability and alleviate the false alarm rate. On the basis of WLSFA model, a contribution plot in the sense of reconstruction is developed to locate the fault variables, which is beneficial to regulate abnormal conditions towards normal levels. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed approach is illustrated by a benchmark process and the application to a real-world fractionation process.

Implications of FCC and HCP cobalt phases on wear performance of weld deposited cobalt-based coating

SS316L possesses comparatively low wear and abrasion resistance properties and thus needs proper surface modification to sustain under severe industrial applications. Cobalt-based Stellite 6, a suitable coating for such applications, contains 4–5 % of tungsten that provides solid solution strengthening to the cobalt-based matrix, due to which it shows good wear resistance in abnormal working conditions. Stellite 6 is dominated by face-centered cubic (FCC) and hexagonal close packed (HCP) cobalt along with different carbide phases such as M7C3, M23C6, MC and M6C where M is Cr, W, Mo, Co and Fe. Weld deposited cobalt-based Stellite 6 coating on SS316L substrate, contains FCC structure as primary phases. Pure cobalt contains a stable HCP phase at temperature below 417 °C and FCC phase at and above 417 °C up to melting point of pure cobalt i.e., 1495 °C. Under the frictional stresses caused during wear test, impact more on FCC cobalt than HCP cobalt due to the high slip system of FCC. Because of this, FCC cobalt underwent through high wear losses compared to HCP cobalt in cobalt-based coating. Present study revealed that, high wear losses are seen in samples where FCC cobalt phases are dominant. The observed mechanism by SEM shows abrasive wear in which material removal takes place by ploughing, micro cutting and indentation. The targeted industrial applications where such wear losses are supposed to happen includes slurry transportation applications such as pipes, sea engineering components, submersible pumps, control valves.

Characteristics of urinary tract infections in children with positive urine culture for Aerococcusurinae

Urinary tract infections caused by Aerococcus urinae have rarely been reported in children, and the clinical characteristics remain unclear. We reviewed medical records of children whose urine cultures grew A. urinae (≥104 CFU/mL) at a tertiary children's hospital in Tokyo, Japan. We found 17 pediatric patients in a review of 22,769 urine cultures between June 2006 and May 2022. The median age of 17 patients was 10.7 years (IQR 8–13 years), and males represented 76.5 % of the patients. Sixteen patients (94.1 %) had underlying urological conditions (neurogenic bladder, vesicoureteral reflux, urethral stenosis, bladder exstrophy, or urinary catheterization). The chief symptoms were fever (35.3 %), malodorous urine (23.5 %), nausea (11.8 %), and back pain (5.9 %). Ten patients were asymptomatic. Pyelonephritis was diagnosed in five male patients. All of them had underlying abnormal conditions of the bladder, and two had malodorous urine. All patients had favorable outcomes after 10–14 days of ampicillin/amoxicillin-based antimicrobial therapy.

1-Norm waveform analysis for MR elastography-based quantification of inhomogeneity: Effects of the freeze-thaw cycle and Alzheimer's disease

BackgroundDespite its success in the mechanical characterization of biological tissues, magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) uses ill-posed wave inversions to estimate tissue stiffness. 1-Norm has been recently introduced as a mathematical measure for the scattering of mechanical waves due to inhomogeneities based on an analysis of the delineated contours of wave displacement. PurposeTo investigate 1-Norm as an MRE-based quantitative biomarker of mechanical inhomogeneities arising from microscopic structural tissue alterations caused by the freeze-thaw cycle (FTC) or Alzheimer's disease (AD). MethodsIn this proof-of-concept study, we prospectively investigated excised porcine kidney (n = 6), liver (n = 6), and muscle (n = 6) before vs. after the FTC at 500–2000 Hz and excised murine brain of healthy controls (n = 3) vs. 5xFAD species with AD (n = 3) at 1200–1800 Hz using 0.5 T tabletop MRE. 1-Norm analysis was compared with conventional wave inversion. ResultsWhile the FTC reduced both stiffness and inhomogeneity in kidney, liver, and muscle tissue, AD led to lower brain stiffness but more pronounced mechanical inhomogeneity. ConclusionOur preliminary results show that 1-Norm is sensitive to tissue mechanical inhomogeneity due to FTC and AD without relying on ill-posed wave inversion techniques. 1-Norm has the potential to be used as an MRE-based diagnostic biomarker independent of stiffness to characterize abnormal conditions that involve changes in tissue mechanical inhomogeneity.

Research on Laboratory Construction and Management Based on Internet of Things and Deep Learning

A computer laboratory intelligent management and control system based on Internet of Things technology and deep learning is proposed to address the shortcomings of traditional university laboratory management.The system adopts the main embedded technology, mobile communication technology, wireless sensor technology and database storage technology in the Internet of Things technology, laboratory areas and equipment, identify and collect relevant data, monitor abnormal conditions in real time, and alarm. At the same time, the user is provided with a preview of the experimental content and a demonstration of the results through the handheld client APP. The experimental results show that: when the system is powered by 0.35A current, the total system power is about 3W. The NTC thermistor used has a B value of 3435. Under normal temperature, T2 = 298.15K,R = 10KΩ,R0 = 10KΩ. The current temperature value can be calculated according to the value obtained after the analog-to-digital conversion of the microcontroller. The output frequency of the humidity detection circuit is measured by the single-chip microcomputer, and the current ambient humidity can be obtained by substituting the result into the above formula, that is, when the output frequency dimension of the circuit is 6853Hz, the ambient humidity is 40%. Through the application of this system, the inefficient and extensive manual management method of the computer experimental teaching center is completely solved, so that it can bring more intelligent and efficient services to the teachers and students of the whole school, so as to comprehensively promote the experimental teaching of the school.

Simulation based comparative analysis of electric field stress on insulated cross-arm

Insulated cross-arms for overhead transmission lines have become increasingly common in the past decade. The 3D finite element analysis (FEA) of the electric field distribution in insulated cross-arms is particularly intriguing due to the differences from conventional glass or ceramic insulators. The complex geometry of composite cross-arms, which feature four separate insulator strings and varying shed profiles, poses a challenge in modelling them using 3D FEA packages. The findings indicate that insulated cross-arms can operate within suitable parameters for traditional composite insulators. This paper presents and analyses the electric field distribution around an insulated cross-arm, which aims to replace existing high-voltage insulators and the steel cross-arms of transmission towers. The design of grading devices plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety of these structures. The use of grading ring devices at both ends of the insulator has proven effective in relieving stress on the insulator string under normal and abnormal conditions, enabling the insulated cross-arm to function effectively with conventional composite insulators. Significant reductions in electric field strength were observed, amounting to approximately 35.93 % inside the core, 31.14 % on the core surface, 35.64 % through the shed, and 16.67 % above the shed for compression members. For tension members, reductions from the low-voltage end to both ends were around 33.82 % inside the core, 38.55 % on the core surface, and 17.48 % through the shed. However, an 8.43 % increase was observed above the shed, indicating a deviation from the decreasing trend observed in other areas. These research findings provide valuable insights for designing and managing high-voltage systems, ensuring effective insulation and enhanced safety. It benefits electrical utilities and transmission line manufacturers by improving reliability and safety for overhead transmission lines.

ADAPTATION OF THE ALGORITHM FOR DETECTING ANOMALIES IN TIME SERIES FOR NON-STATIONARY STREAMING DATA

Detection of anomalies in streaming time series data has become an important research topic due to the wide range of possible applications, including the detection of extreme weather conditions, malicious attacks on protected facilities, monitoring unauthorised gas and oil leaks, illegal pipeline connections, power cable faults, and water and other environmental pollution. Rapid detection of abnormal conditions and identifying these critical events is essential to protect lives and assets. Therefore, developing appropriate systems and detection methods is an urgent task. Anomaly detection in streaming data is challenging due to its large volume and high speed, presence of noise, and non-stationarity of the signal (or ‘concept drift’). The latter significantly complicates the identification of differences between new ‘typical’ behaviour and abnormal events. Solving this problem requires the algorithm for processing such data to learn and adapt to changing conditions. The paper proposes a modification of the algorithm for detecting anomalies in time series. This algorithm provides early detection of abnormal series in a massive collection of non-stationary streaming time series data. Anomalies are observations that are highly improbable given the previous time series values. The proposed approach is based on the primary detection of the predictive limit for the typical system behaviour using the theory of extreme values, followed by checking for the abnormality of the following series using the sliding window technique. The time series parameters are used as input data and compared by density distribution to detect any significant changes in the distribution of the characteristics. It allows the decision-making model to automatically adapt to the changing environment according to detected changes. Since anomalies are, by definition, exceptions to the typical behaviour of a system, most of the available stored data should reflect that typical behaviour of the system in question. It is unnecessary to have representative samples of all possible types of the standard behaviour of a given system for the algorithm to work well. The basic idea is to have a warm-up data set to obtain initial values for the decision model parameters. It makes it possible to determine if there is any significant difference between the last typical behaviour and the new typical behaviour. The proposed algorithm demonstrates its performance under conditions of noisy non-stationary data in several time series classes. Keywords: concept drift, extreme value theory, multivariate time series, outlier detection.

Methodological identification of anomalies episodes in ECG streams: a systematic mapping study

An electrocardiogram is a medical examination tool for measuring different patterns of heart blood flow circle either in the form of usual or non-invasive patterns. These patterns are useful for the identification of morbidity condition of the heart especially in certain conditions of heart abnormality and arrhythmia. Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of them that happened due to sudden blockage of blood by the cause of malfunction of heart. In electrocardiography (ECG) intensity of MI is highlighted on the basis of unusual patterns of T wave changes. Various studies have contributed for MI through T wave’s classification, but more to the point of T wave has always attracted the ECG researchers. Methodology. This Study is primarily designed for proposing the combination of latest methods that are worked for the solutions of pre-defined research questions. Such solutions are designed in the form of the systematic review process (SLR) by following the Kitchen ham guidance. The literature survey is a two phase’s process, at first phase collect the articles that were published in IEEE Xplore, Scopus, science direct and Springer from 2008 to 2023. It consist of steps; the first level is executed by filtrating the articles on the basis of keyword phase of title and abstract filter. Similarly, at two level the manuscripts are scanned through filter of eligibility criteria of articles selection. The last level belongs to the quality assessment of articles, in such level articles are rectified through evaluation of domain experts. Results. Finally, the selected articles are addressed with research questions and briefly discuss these selected state-of-the-art methods that are worked for the T wave classification. These address units behave as solutions to research problems that are highlighted in the form of research questions. Conclusion and future directions. During the survey process for these solutions, we got some critical observations in the form of gaps that reflected the other directions for researchers. In which feature engineering, different dependencies of ECG features and dimensional reduction of ECG for the better ECG analysis are reflection of future directions.

PEMERIKSAAN KADAR KOLESTEROL PADA LANSIA DI KAMPUNG TUA TELUK MATA IKAN KELURAHAN SAMBAU KECAMATAN NONGSA RT 03 / RW 07 KOTA BATAM

Cholesterol is one of the components in forming fat which consists of various components such as triglycerides, phospholipids, free fatty acids. Cholesterol functions to build cell walls or cell membranes in the body. Cholesterol is a substance produced by the liver and from saturated fat in food, if levels are too high it can cause coronary artery disease. This type of research is descriptive, namely to provide an overview of cholesterol levels in the blood of the elderly in Kampung Tua Teluk Mata Ikan, Sambau Village, Nongsa District Rt 03 / Rw 07. The method of collecting data is by using primary data obtained directly from the results of measuring cholesterol levels and then presented in table form to determine normal and abnormal conditions. After conducting research in Teluk Mata Ikan Old Village, Sambau Village, Nongsa District, Rt 03 / Rw 07 in March 2024, by checking cholesterol levels in the elderly and 24 people whose cholesterol levels had increased. It is recommended for elderly people who have high levels to regularly check their cholesterol levels at health facilities and reduce foods that are high in fat, and exercise regularly.

Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Patients with Non-Ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Who Undergo Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: A Narrative Review.

Non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) represents a significant cause of heart failure, defined as the presence of left ventricular (LV) dilatation and systolic dysfunction unexplained solely by abnormal loading conditions or coronary artery disease. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has emerged as a cornerstone in the management of heart failure, particularly in patients with DCM. However, identifying patients who will benefit the most from CRT remains challenging. Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) has garnered attention as a non-invasive imaging modality that allows for the quantitative assessment of myocardial mechanics, offering insights into LV function beyond traditional echocardiographic parameters. This comprehensive review explores the role of STE in guiding patient selection and optimizing outcomes in CRT for DCM. By assessing parameters such as LV strain, strain rate, and dyssynchrony, STE enables a more precise evaluation of myocardial function and mechanical dyssynchrony, aiding in the identification of patients who are most likely to benefit from CRT. Furthermore, STE provides valuable prognostic information and facilitates post-CRT optimization by guiding lead placement and assessing response to therapy. Through an integration of STE with CRT, clinicians can enhance patient selection, improve procedural success rates, and ultimately, optimize clinical outcomes in patients with DCM. This review underscores the pivotal role of STE in advancing personalized management strategies for DCM patients undergoing CRT.

Study on the Friction Behavior and Abnormal Conditions of Non-contact Mechanical Seal Based on Acoustic Emission

Study on the Friction Behavior and Abnormal Conditions of Non-contact Mechanical Seal Based on Acoustic Emission

A novel battery management scheme for critical loads

AbstractThis article proposes a novel battery management system (BMS) to ensure uninterruptible power delivery to a 48 V DC bus used for electric vehicle charging stations, data centers, telecommunication systems, and critical care units such as hospitals. The proposed BMS facilitates constant current and constant voltage charging to maintain optimal battery performance during normal operation. This BMS is designed for effective control, monitoring and protection of two lead‐acid battery units to form battery energy storage system (BESS). Furthermore, it is capable of isolating batteries in abnormal conditions and operates them independently to provide reliable supply at output terminals with full capacity. The system utilizes a 30 V DC source derived from AC mains or solar photovoltaic system. This supply is used to charge the BESS and also supply to the load. In the event of failure of 30 V supply, it seamlessly transits to BESS mode to supply power to boost converter to maintain constant 48 V DC output at load terminal. The proposed system architecture not only enhances power reliability but also improves overall system efficiency, making it well‐suited for critical applications require continuous and stable power supply. Simulation studies using Matlab/Simulink and analytical results using TINA (Tool kit for Interactive Network Analysis) are presented to show that 48 V DC supply is maintained at output terminals during failure of input 30 V DC source or failure of one battery unit.

Deletion of endothelial IGFBP5 protects against ischaemic hindlimb injury by promoting angiogenesis.

Angiogenesis is critical for forming new blood vessels from antedating vascular vessels. The endothelium is essential for angiogenesis, vascular remodelling and minimisation of functional deficits following ischaemia. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family is crucial for angiogenesis. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (IGFBP5), a binding protein of the IGF family, may have places in angiogenesis, but the mechanisms are not yet completely understood. We sought to probe whether IGFBP5 is involved in pathological angiogenesis and uncover the molecular mechanisms behind it. IGFBP5 expression was elevated in the vascular endothelium of gastrocnemius muscle from critical limb ischaemia patients and hindlimb ischaemic (HLI) mice and hypoxic human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In vivo, loss of endothelial IGFBP5 (IGFBP5EKO) facilitated the recovery of blood vessel function and limb necrosis in HLI mice. Moreover, skin damage healing and aortic ring sprouting were faster in IGFBP5EKO mice than in control mice. In vitro, the genetic inhibition of IGFBP5 in HUVECs significantly promoted tube formation, cell proliferation and migration by mediating the phosphorylation of IGF1R, Erk1/2 and Akt. Intriguingly, pharmacological treatment of HUVECs with recombinant human IGFBP5 ensued a contrasting effect on angiogenesis by inhibiting the IGF1 or IGF2 function. Genetic inhibition of IGFBP5 promoted cellular oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates via IGF1R-mediated glycolytic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) metabolism. Mechanistically, IGFBP5 exerted its role via E3 ubiquitin ligase Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-regulated HIF1α stability. Furthermore, the knockdown of the endothelial IGF1R partially abolished the reformative effect of IGFBP5EKO mice post-HLI. Our findings demonstrate that IGFBP5 ablation enhances angiogenesis by promoting ATP metabolism and stabilising HIF1α, implying IGFBP5 is a novel therapeutic target for treating abnormal angiogenesis-related conditions.

Hemodynamic coupling between a primary atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent secondary lesions

Atherosclerosis is one of the most common diseases of the arterial tree, especially in the coronary arteries. Stenoses exceeding 50% area reduction are shown to alternate the downstream coronary flow, and hemodynamics will lead to further atherogenesis. Clinical evidence also confirms that vascular stenoses are not stagnant since they are usually associated with downstream lesions. In this study, it is hypothesized that the formation of secondary plaques, or aneurysms downstream of a primary stenosis, compensates for the abnormal ranges of hemodynamic forces caused by the primary stenosis. An experimental setup captured the hemodynamics of non-Newtonian blood flow in three-dimensional (3D) printed phantoms of coronary arteries with various sequences of lesions. Then, based on the collected data, in silico models of these lesions were simulated using computational fluid dynamics. For the proposed cases, time-averaged wall shear stress, velocity profile, oscillatory shear index, and relative residence time were extracted at the plaque side and the plaque front walls and compared to the reference model with only the primary plaque. The secondary plaque postulated the abnormal hemodynamic conditions to its downstream, which implies endothelial activation and onset of further pathologic events. However, the secondary aneurysm restored flow conditions to normal after its distal shoulder, preventing more damage to the endothelium. Examined angiograms of patients with developed atherosclerotic lesions unveiled that a sequence of plaques is formed over time, and most interestingly, the series stopped after the formation of an aneurysm.

Knowledge-Enhanced Spatiotemporal Analysis for Anomaly Detection in Process Manufacturing

Effective fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) is crucial for proactively identifying irregular states that could jeopardize operator well-being and process integrity. In the era of Industry 4.0, data-driven FDD techniques have received particular attention, driven by the proliferation of stored manufacturing sensor data. While these methods have proven adept at categorizing established process fault scenarios, there remains an imperative to identify and explain anomalies stemming from uncharted faults or the interplay of consecutive anomalies. To address this we present a knowledge-enhanced FDD approach that integrates well-defined chemical engineering knowledge with cutting-edge deep learning techniques. We apply our methodology, named Knowledge-Enhanced Spatiotemporal Analysis (KESA), to identify abnormal process conditions that may be a precursor to failure. Furthermore, we utilize the knowledge of the fundamental relationships governing the process to explain why this fault case has occurred. This type of in-depth fault analysis is only possible through leveraging domain expertise and marks a step forward in FDD technology in comparison to current literature. Using the benchmark Tennessee Eastman process dataset, we establish superiority in the accuracy and efficiency of our KESA model against state-of-the-art FDD algorithms. This work highlights the importance of a knowledge-enhanced approach to deep learning in complex environments, emphasizing the critical role of timely and interpretable fault detection. By providing explanations for model results, our KESA framework not only aids in effective decision-making but also has the potential to significantly reduce the time between fault detection and the implementation of proactive mitigation actions. This capability is paramount for improving overall safety, minimizing downtime, and ultimately contributing to substantial cost savings in industrial processes.

Resistance characteristics and particle movement behavior of a petroleum coke particle packed bed in a vertical shaft calciner under different burden distribution methods

AbstractBecause of the increasingly deteriorating quality of petroleum coke raw materials, abnormal furnace conditions, such as “firing and blasting”, frequently arise during the calcination of petroleum coke with a high powder/coke ratio in a vertical shaft calciner. This poses an urgent technical challenge that needs to be addressed. In iron and steel metallurgy, the burden distribution system is an important way to regulate blast furnace conditions and improve the permeability of a particle packed bed. In this work, advanced burden distribution concepts were introduced into the calcination process of petroleum coke in a vertical shaft calciner. Experimental devices were established to determine the resistance characteristics of a petroleum coke particle packed bed, along with a cold physical model of a 1/8 scale vertical shaft calciner. The influence of particle size and burden distribution methods on the resistance characteristics and particle motion behavior of the petroleum coke particle packed bed was systematically studied. The research findings indicate that both particle size and burden distribution methods significantly impact the resistance characteristics of petroleum coke particle packed beds. The smaller the particle size, the poorer the permeability of the bed. The layered burden distribution, symmetrical burden distribution, and dual‐particle mixed conventional burden distribution all contribute to improving the permeability of the petroleum coke particle packed bed in the vertical shaft calciner. Furthermore, employing symmetrical burden distribution in Bed‐3, which is packed with petroleum coke particles of diameters −3.2 + 2.5 mm and −1.0 + 0.8 mm, results in the smallest unit pressure drop, at only 1.7% of that of the conventional burden distribution of unscreened raw materials. This is the most effective means of improving the permeability of the bed. During the discharging process, particle size and symmetrical burden distribution have no significant impact on the motion characteristics of petroleum coke particles in the vertical shaft calciner. In general, in the calciner area, particles primarily move in a plug flow pattern and gradually transform into funnel flow in the cooling water jacket area. These research results provide the theoretical basis for addressing the technical challenges associated with powder coke calcination in vertical shaft calciners through reasonable burden distribution methods for fine and coarse particles.