Ablation Of Cancer Cells Research Articles

Ablation of Red Stable Transfected Claudin Expressing Canine Prostate Adenocarcinoma and Transitional Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines by C-CPE Gold-Nanoparticle-Mediated Laser Intervention.

Claudin (CLDN) proteins are commonly expressed in cancers and targeted in novel therapeutic approaches. The C-terminal of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (C-CPE) efficiently binds several claudins. In this study, recombinant C-CPE conjugated to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has been used for prostate adenocarcinoma (PAC) and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cell killing in vitro using gold-nanoparticle-mediated laser perforation (GNOME-LP). A PAC and TCC cell lines, as well as red fluorescence variants, allowing deep tissue imaging, were used. CLDN-3, -4, and -7 expression was confirmed by qPCR and immunofluorescences. The binding of C-CPE-AuNPs complexes on the cell surface was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Further, transcriptome analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of C-CPE binder on the biological response of treated cells. Directed C-CPE-AuNP binding verified the capability to target CLDN receptors. Transcriptome analysis showed that C-CPE binding may activate immune and inflammatory responses but does not directly affect cell survival. Cancer cells ablation was demonstrated using a combination of GNOME-LP and C-CPE-AuNPs treatment reducing tumor cell viability to less than 10% depending on cell line. The fluorescent cell lines and the verified proof of concept in vitro provide the basis for perspective xenograft studies in an animal model.

Aptamer-conjugated gold nanoparticles for targeted paclitaxel delivery and photothermal therapy in breast cancer

The development of novel therapeutic approaches with high efficiency and precision like photothermal therapy (PTT) is essential to combat breast cancer. The gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) has shown critical ability both in PTT and targeted delivery. Herein, we evolved targeted PTT in a multifunctional drug delivery platform. The AuNPs were modified by poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) to improve their biocompatibility, and the mucin1 (MUC1) aptamer-modified PEG-AuNPs were successfully prepared. The Paclitaxel (PTX)–loaded PEG-AuNPs@antiMUC1 system displayed a dual NIR/pH-dependent sustained release. The synergistic effect of PTX/PEG-AuNPs@antiMUC1 was evaluated in this research. In vitro cell cytotoxicity experiments on MUC1-positive and MUC1-negative breast cancer cells showed the desired selectivity of the prepared system towards MUC1-positive cells. The capability of the PTX/PEG-AuNPs@antiMUC1 in combination with near-infrared (NIR) irradiation in ablation of MUC1-positive cancer cells with excellent cellular uptake was also witnessed. Furthermore, simultaneous utilization of PTT and targeted drug delivery indicated a synergistic effect that increased cell death versus seldom PTT or chemotherapy. The protein expression analysis confirmed the increased expression of the apoptotic Caspase3 and declined expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL in the presence of the prepared synergistic combinational system, which showed its high potentials in cancer therapy.

Isomeric sp2-C-conjugated porous organic polymer-mediated photo- and sono-catalytic detoxification of sulfur mustard simulant under ambient conditions

Isomeric sp2-C-conjugated porous organic polymer-mediated photo- and sono-catalytic detoxification of sulfur mustard simulant under ambient conditions

Miniatured Fluidics-Mediated Modular Self-Assembly of Anticancer Drug–Amino Acid Composite Microbowls for Combined Chemo-Photodynamic Therapy in Glioma

A particulate carrier with the ability to load a combination of therapeutic molecules acting via diverse modes to initiate cancer cell ablation would help heighten anticancer therapeutic outcomes and mitigate harmful side effects due to high doses of mono drug therapy. Moving a step closer, herein, we have developed doxorubicin-curcumin-amino acid-based composite microbowls (CMBs) following miniaturized fluid flow-based self-assembly. The CMBs were further exploited as dual chemo-photodynamic therapeutic agents in C6 glioma cells cultured in both two-dimensional (2D) monolayer and as three-dimensional (3D) spheroids. These CMBs showed synergistic and visible (blue)-light-sensitive cell-killing effects in both C6 cells and 3D spheroids. Furthermore, these bowl-shaped structures also demonstrated good stability and excellent in vitro cytocompatibility in C6 glioma cells. Our results indicated that CMBs with asymmetric cavities could potentially be used as a combinatorial drug carrier enabling simultaneous chemo- and phototherapy for effective cancer treatment. The use of blue light, from the visible part of the electromagnetic system, to generate the phototherapeutic effect further advocates for the ease and widespread applicability of the systems.

A multifunctional BODIPY based fluorescent probe for hydrogen sulfide detection and photodynamic anticancer therapy in HCT116 colon cancer cell

Development of multifunctional probes that can be simultaneously utilized for both efficient hydrogen sulfide detection and photodynamic therapy in cancer cells is in high demand but remains worldwide challenge. Herein, a fluorescent probe DB2T based on a BODIPY structure for H2S fluorescence “turn-on” detection together with light sensitive anticancer capacity has been designed and synthesized. The probe DB2T features high selectivity towards H2S, excellent low detection limit (6.39 nM), and good biocompatibility. Importantly, the probe DB2T has been satisfactorily applied in fluorescence imaging of exogenous H2S in zebrafish, and successfully employed in fluorescence imaging of endogenous H2S in HCT116 cell and tumor tissues. Moreover, evaluation of the phototherapy effect demonstrates that the probe DB2T performs well as a photosensitizer for photodynamic ablation of HCT116 cancer cells upon white light irradiation. This work should facilitate significant advances in rational design of fluorescence systems for H2S detection and even in the diagnosis and treatment of H2S related diseases.

3D-Printed Multifunctional Polyetheretherketone Bone Scaffold for Multimodal Treatment of Osteosarcoma and Osteomyelitis.

In this work, we developed the first 3D-printed polyetheretherketone (PEEK)-based bone scaffold with multi-functions targeting challenging bone diseases such as osteosarcoma and osteomyelitis. A 3D-printed PEEK/graphene nanocomposite scaffold was deposited with a drug-laden (antibiotics and/or anti-cancer drugs) hydroxyapatite coating. The graphene nanosheets within the scaffold served as effective photothermal agents that endowed the scaffold with on-demand photothermal conversion function under near-infrared laser irradiation. The bioactive hydroxyapatite coating significantly boosted the stem cell proliferation in vitro and promoted new bone growth in vivo. The presence of antibiotics and anti-cancer drugs enabled eradication of drug-resistant bacteria and ablation of osteosarcoma cancer cells, the treatment efficacy of which can be further enhanced by on-demand laser-induced heating. The promising results demonstrate the strong potential of our multi-functional scaffold in applications such as bone defect repair and multimodal treatment of osteosarcoma and osteomyelitis.

Targeting non-canonical pathways as a strategy to modulate the sodium iodide symporter

SummaryThe sodium iodide symporter (NIS) functions to transport iodide and is critical for successful radioiodide ablation of cancer cells. Approaches to bolster NIS function and diminish recurrence post-radioiodide therapy are impeded by oncogenic pathways that suppress NIS, as well as the inherent complexity of NIS regulation. Here, we utilize NIS in high-throughput drug screening and undertake rigorous evaluation of lead compounds to identify and target key processes underpinning NIS function. We find that multiple proteostasis pathways, including proteasomal degradation and autophagy, are central to the cellular processing of NIS. Utilizing inhibitors targeting distinct molecular processes, we pinpoint combinatorial drug strategies giving robust >5-fold increases in radioiodide uptake. We also reveal significant dysregulation of core proteostasis genes in human tumors, identifying a 13-gene risk score classifier as an independent predictor of recurrence in radioiodide-treated patients. We thus propose and discuss a model for targetable steps of intracellular processing of NIS function.

Development of theranostic dual-layered Au-liposome for effective tumor targeting and photothermal therapy

BackgroundPhotothermal therapy (PTT) is an emerging anti-cancer therapeutic strategy that generates hyperthermia to ablate cancer cells under laser irradiation. Gold (Au) coated liposome (AL) was reported as an effective PTT agent with good biocompatibility and excretory property. However, exposed Au components on liposomes can cause instability in vivo and difficulty in further functionalization.ResultsHerein, we developed a theranostic dual-layered nanomaterial by adding liposomal layer to AL (LAL), followed by attaching polyethylene glycol (PEG) and radiolabeling. Functionalization with PEG improves the in vivo stability of LAL, and radioisotope labeling enables in vivo imaging of LAL. Functionalized LAL is stable in physiological conditions, and 64Cu labeled LAL (64Cu-LAL) shows a sufficient blood circulation property and an effective tumor targeting ability of 16.4%ID g−1 from in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Also, intravenously injected LAL shows higher tumor targeting, temperature elevation in vivo, and better PTT effect in orthotopic breast cancer mouse model compared to AL. The tumor growth inhibition rate of LAL was 3.9-fold higher than AL.ConclusionBased on these high stability, in vivo imaging ability, and tumor targeting efficiency, LAL could be a promising theranostic PTT agent.Graphic

Gold-Bipyramid-Based Nanothernostics: FRET-Mediated Protein-Specific Sialylation Visualization and Oxygen-Augmenting Phototherapy against Hypoxic Tumor.

Despite several attempts, incorporating biological detection that supplies necessary biological information into therapeutic nanotheranostics for hypoxic tumor treatments is considered to be in its infancy. It is therefore imperative to consolidate biological detection and desirable phototherapy into a single nanosystem for maximizing theranostic advantages. Herein, we develop a versatile nanoprobe through combined fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and oxygen-augmenting strategy, namely APT, which enables glycosylation detection, O2 self-sufficiency, and collaborative phototherapy. Such APT nanoprobes were constructed by depositing platinum onto gold nano-bipyramids (Au NBPs), linking FITC fluorophore-labeled AS1411 aptamers for introducing FRET donors, and by conjugating G-quadruplex intercalated with TMPyP4 to their surfaces via the SH-DNA chain. By installing FRET acceptors on the glycan of targeted EpCAM glycoprotein using the metabolic glycan labeling and click chemistry, FRET signals appear on the cancerous cell membranes, not normal cells, when donors and acceptors are within an appropriate distance. This actualizes protein-specific glycosylation visualization while revealing glycan-based changes correlated with tumor progression. Interestingly, the deposited platinum scavenges excessive H2O2 as artificial nanoenzymes to transform O2 that alleviates tumor hypoxia and simultaneously elevates singlet oxygen (1O2) for inducing cancer cell apoptosis. Notably, the significant hyperthermia devastation was elicited via APT nanoprobes with phenomenal photothermal therapy (PTT) efficiency (71.8%) for thermally ablating cancer cells, resulting in synergistically enhanced photodynamic-hyperthermia therapy. Consequently, APT nanoprobes nearly actualized thorough tumor ablation while demonstrating highly curative biosafety. This work offers a new paradigm to rationally explore a combined FRET and oxygen-augmenting strategy with a focus on nanotheranostics for hypoxic tumor elimination.

Analytical temperature profiles for laser-irradiated gold nanorod immersed in an optically non-absorbing medium

Laser heating of gold nanorods immersed in an optically non-absorbing medium is important in both therapeutic and diagnostic medical procedures. For both continuous wave and pulsed lasers, we derive analytical temperature solutions by modeling a nanorod as a prolate spheroid. For the continuous wave laser irradiation, an exact analytical solution for the steady state heat transfer case using integer-degree Legendre function expansions in prolate spheroidal coordinates is presented. The steady state solution reveals that for the case of gold nanorod immersed in water, there is insignificant temperature variations on any single spheroidal surface that is coincident or confocal to the prolate spheroid surface, and the temperature only changes across spheroidal surfaces within the immediate surrounding water. This is found to be due to the very high thermal conductivity of gold which is more than a hundred-fold higher than that of water. The insight that the temperature rise is nearly invariant on any single spheroidal surface, along with a dimensional analysis, helps reduce the complexity of the heat equation in the unsteady regime of a pulsed laser illumination, and leads to a simple, lower dimensional model of unsteady heat equation, which takes into account the temporal dependency and spatial dependency in the direction across spheroidal surfaces. For the reduced unsteady heat equation, a simple, efficient, and insightful solution algorithm based on the Laplace transform and complex-degree Legendre functions is proposed. The maximum temperature and temperature profiles as functions of laser power, and nanorod geometries are obtained, revealing that for a fixed laser fluence and fixed nanorod mass, the more stretched nanorods yield higher temperatures in the spheroid and its immediate surroundings. In other words, more stretched nanorods are more efficient in converting the laser energy into localized, elevated temperatures. The obtained temperature solutions are useful in designing a parameter space for optimum therapeutic procedures for ablating cancer cells using high temperatures generated in the immediate vicinity of nanoparticles. The unsteady temperature solutions can also be used to obtain solutions to thermo-elastic models which are used to compute the photoacoustic signals that can, in turn, be used for cellular imaging and diagnostics.

Fluorescence/photoacoustic imaging-guided nanomaterials for highly efficient cancer theragnostic agent

Imaging modalities combined with a multimodal nanocomposite contrast agent hold great potential for significant contributions in the biomedical field. Among modern imaging techniques, photoacoustic (PA) and fluorescence (FL) imaging gained much attention due to their non-invasive feature and the mutually supportive characteristic in terms of spatial resolution, penetration depth, imaging sensitivity, and speed. In this present study, we synthesized IR783 conjugated chitosan–polypyrrole nanocomposites (IR-CS–PPy NCs) as a theragnostic agent used for FL/PA dual-modal imaging. A customized FL and photoacoustic imaging system was constructed to perform required imaging experiments and create high-contrast images. The proposed nanocomposites were confirmed to have great biosafety, essentially a near-infrared (NIR) absorbance property with enhanced photostability. The in vitro photothermal results indicate the high-efficiency MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell ablation ability of IR-CS–PPy NCs under 808 nm NIR laser irradiation. The in vivo PTT study revealed the complete destruction of the tumor tissues with IR-CS–PPy NCs without further recurrence. The in vitro and in vivo results suggest that the demonstrated nanocomposites, together with the proposed imaging systems could be an effective theragnostic agent for imaging-guided cancer treatment.

Enzyme-Loaded pH-Sensitive Photothermal Hydrogels for Mild-temperature-mediated Combinational Cancer Therapy.

Photothermal therapy (PTT) that utilizes hyperthermia to ablate cancer cells is a promising approach for cancer therapy, while the generated high temperature may lead to damage of surrounding normal tissues and inflammation. We herein report the construction of glucose oxidase (GOx)-loaded hydrogels with a pH-sensitive photothermal conversion property for combinational cancer therapy at mild-temperature. The hydrogels (defined as CAG) were formed via coordination of alginate solution containing pH-sensitive charge-transfer nanoparticles (CTNs) as the second near-infrared (NIR-II) photothermal agents and GOx. In the tumor sites, GOx was gradually released from CAG to consume glucose for tumor starvation and aggravate acidity in tumor microenvironment that could turn on the NIR-II photothermal conversion property of CTNs. Meanwhile, the released GOx could suppress the expression of heat shock proteins to enable mild NIR-II PTT under 1,064 nm laser irradiation. As such, CAG mediated a combinational action of mild NIR-II PTT and starvation therapy, not only greatly inhibiting the growth of subcutaneously implanted tumors in a breast cancer murine model, but also completely preventing lung metastasis. This study thus provides an enzyme loaded hydrogel platform with a pH-sensitive photothermal effect for mild-temperature-mediated combinational cancer therapy.

Dual Enzyme Mimics Based on Metal–Ligand Cross‐Linking Strategy for Accelerating Ascorbate Oxidation and Enhancing Tumor Therapy

AbstractThe development of high‐efficiency nanozymes is of great significance in the field of nanozymology, because this is one of the prerequisites for the sophisticated performance of nanozymes. Herein, the developed metal–ligand cross‐linking strategy engineers porous carbon nanorod supported ultra‐small iron carbide nanoparticles that possess excellent oxidase‐like and peroxidase‐like enzyme activities. The fabricated nanozyme can efficiently accelerate the oxidation of ascorbate (AA) to enhance cancer cells ablation efficacy. Due to the nanozyme having great surface atoms utilization ratio and large specific surface area, the AA can be rapidly and completely autoxidized within 20 min. Mechanism research demonstrates that the nanozyme's first activation of O2 to generate superoxide free radicals (O2•−) via the oxidase‐like pathway, then the O2•− directly oxidizes AA and produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Simultaneously, the H2O2 transforms into the toxic hydroxyl radical through the peroxidase‐like pathway and induces tumor cell death. Further in vitro and in vivo assays show the significant enhancement of the anti‐tumor efficacy through AA oxidation which is catalyzed by the developed nanozyme. It is expected that this work will benefit not only the development of other efficient nanozymes, but also future advances in the field of AA oxidation induced tumor therapy.

Molecular Engineering of Efficient Singlet Oxygen Generators with Near‐Infrared AIE Features for Mitochondrial Targeted Photodynamic Therapy

AbstractAggregation‐caused fluorescence quenching with insufficient production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has limited the application of photosensitizers (PSs) in fluorescence‐imaging‐guided photodynamic therapy (PDT). Aggregation‐induced emission PSs (AIE‐PSs) exhibit enhanced fluorescence intensity and a high efficiency of ROS generation in the aggregation state, which provides an opportunity to solve the above problems. Herein, a series of AIE‐PSs are successfully designed and synthesized by adjusting the D–A intensity through molecular engineering. The photophysical properties and theoretical calculations prove that the synergistic effect of 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene and quinolinium increases the intramolecular charge transfer effect (ICT) of the whole molecule and promotes the intersystem crossing (ISC) from the lowest excited singlet state (S1) to the lowest triplet state (T1). Among these AIE‐PSs, the optimal AIE‐PS (TPA‐DT‐Qy) exhibits the highest generation yield of 1O2 (5.3‐fold of Rose Bengal). Further PDT experiments show that the TPA‐DT‐Qy has a highly efficient photodynamic ablation of breast cancer cells (MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231) under white light irradiation. Moreover, the photodynamic antibacterial study indicates that TPA‐DT‐Qy has the discrimination and excellent photodynamic inactivation of S. aureus. This work provides a feasible strategy for the molecular engineering of novel AIE‐PSs to improve the development of fluorescence‐imaging‐guided PDT.

Photothermal Responsive Singlet Oxygen Nanocarriers for Hypoxic Cancer Cell Ablation.

Hypoxia in aggressively proliferating tumor cells has been demonstrated to restrict the efficiency of photodynamic therapy owing to its oxygen (O2 )-dependent generation of singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) from photosensitizers under light irradiation. To address this problem, we propose a small-molecule dye-based 1 O2 capturing agent, B1. B1 not only bears a near-infrared absorbing azo-boron dipyrromethene backbone, but also has 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene, which facilitates the capture of 1 O2 to form endoperoxide (B1-SO). B1-SO undergoes a reversible reaction via near-infrared photothermal stimulation, thus allowing 1 O2 release. Based on this mechanism, stable B1-SO containing micelles (B1-SO NPs) were prepared and employed as 1 O2 nanocarriers to ablate cancer cells in vitro. Taking advantage of this O2 -independent 1 O2 releasing ability, B1-SO NPs were demonstrated to have efficient cytotoxicity under near-infrared irradiation, especially in a hypoxic environment. The unique O2 -independent 1 O2 generation process of B1-SO NPs suggests they can be used as novel cancer phototherapy agents.

Highly Efficient Near-Infrared Photosensitizers with Aggregation-Induced Emission Characteristics: Rational Molecular Design and Photodynamic Cancer Cell Ablation.

Photosensitizers (PSs) that play a decisive role in effective photodynamic therapy (PDT) have attracted great research interest. PSs with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics could overcome the deficiencies of traditional PSs that usually suffer from the aggregation-caused fluorescence quenching (ACQ) effect in applications and show enhanced emission and high singlet oxygen (1O2) generation efficiency in aggregates; therefore, they are outstanding candidates for imaging-guided PDT, and the development of AIE PSs with both excellent photophysical properties and 1O2 generation ability is highly desirable. Herein, three AIE fluorogens (AIEgens), BtM, ThM, and NaM, with a donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) structure were designed and synthesized, and the photosensitizing ability was adjusted by π-linker engineering. All of the three AIEgens showed excellent photostability and high molar absorption coefficients, and their emission edges were extended to the near-infrared (NIR) region, with peaks at 681, 678, and 638 nm, respectively. NaM demonstrated the smallest ΔES1-T1, which was ascribed to its better separation degree of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). The AIEgens were fabricated into nanoparticles (NPs) by amphipathic mPEG3000-DSPE encapsulating, and thus the obtained NaM NPs exhibited the best 1O2 generation efficiency under white light irradiation, which was almost 3 times that of the renowned PS rose bengal (RB). Furthermore, under white light irradiation, the cell killing efficiency of NaM NPs was also much better than those of the other two AIE PSs and RB. Therefore, NaM NPs revealed great potential to treat superficial diseases as a PS for PDT.

Preparation of Multifunctional Nanocomposites and Local Hyperthermia for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) can metastasize from the primary tumor area to the regional lymph nodes at an early stage. Considering that the current imaging detection is not reliable, a better treatment for squamous cell carcinoma is urgently needed. From the perspective of photothermal therapy (PTT), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) was used as a carrier, and reverse drug-resistant RNA-adriamycin (ADR) and indocya-nine green (IND) were encapsulated in the carrier. The chemokine SDF-a was introduced and coupled with the drug carrier by carbodiimide method. Thus, the multifunctional polymer nanoparticles (SDF-a/IND/PNE/ADR-PLGA NPs) for targeting photoacoustic imaging and photothermal ablation of oral cancer cells were obtained. First, the size analysis and TEM characterization of the composite nanoparticles were carried out to evaluate the in vitro photogenic imaging and targeting properties of the multifunctional targeting nanoparticles. The antitumor effect of the model was analyzed by establishing the metastatic lymph node model of tongue cancer in rabbits. In the experiment, the particle size of the multifunctional nanoparticles was about 192.53 nm±47.96 nm. TEM characterization showed that IND and ADR were encapsulated in PLGA shell membrane; immunofluorescence labeling of CXCR4 on SCC-15 cells could be used as a target protein, and the binding of SDF-a/CXCR4 could promote the nanoparticles to enter the cells and increase the local range of nanoparticles. In animal models, through the injection of nanoparticle solution via multiple primary focus preparation, it was confirmed that the preparation of multifunctional nanoparticles and PTT under the guidance of photoacoustic imaging could achieve good therapeutic effect on OSCC.

Biomimetic Nanotheranostics Camouflaged with Cancer Cell Membranes Integrating Persistent Oxygen Supply and Homotypic Targeting for Hypoxic Tumor Elimination

Treatment resistance of the tumors to photodynamic therapy (PDT) owing to O2 deficiency largely compromised the therapeutic efficacy, which could be addressed via modulating oxygen levels by using O2 self-enriched nanosystems. Here, we report on augmenting the O2-evolving strategy based on a biomimetic, catalytic nanovehicle (named as N/P@MCC), constructed by the catalase-immobilized hollow mesoporous nanospheres by enveloping a cancer cell membrane (CCM), which acts as an efficient nanocontainer to accommodate nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) and protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). Inheriting the virtues of biomimetic CCM cloaking, the CCM-derived shell conferred N/P@MCC nanovehicles with highly specific self-recognition and homotypic targeting toward cancerous cells, ensuring tumor-specific accumulation and superior circulation durations. N-GQDs, for the first time, have been evidenced as a new dual-functional nanoagents with PTT and PDT capacities, enabling the generation of 1O2 for PDT and inducing local low-temperature hyperthermia for thermally ablating cancer cells and infrared thermal imaging (IRT). Leveraging the intrinsic catalytic features of catalase, such N/P@MCC nanovehicles effectively scavenged the excessive H2O2 to sustainably evolve oxygen for a synchronous O2 self-supply and hypoxia alleviation, with an additional benefit because the resulting O2 bubbles could function as an echo amplifier, leading to the sufficient echogenic reflectivity for ultrasound imaging. Concurrently, the elevated O2 reacted with N-GQDs and PpIX to elicit a maximally increased 1O2 output for augmented PDT. Significantly, the ultrasound imaging coupled with fluorescence imaging, IRT, performs a tumor-modulated trimodal bioimaging effect. Overall, this offers a paradigm to rationally explore O2 self-supply strategies focused on versatile nanotheranostics for hypoxic tumor elimination.

Mid-infrared absorption by soft tissue sarcoma and cell ablation utilizing a mid-infrared interband cascade laser.

.Significance: Mid-infrared (MIR) light refers to wavelengths ranging from 3 to and is the most attractive spectral region for ablation of soft and hard tissues. This is because building blocks of biological tissue, such as water, proteins, and lipids, exhibit molecular vibrational modes in the MIR wavelengths that result in strong MIR light absorption. To date, researchers investigating MIR lasers for surgical applications have used bulky light sources, such as free electron lasers, nonlinear light generators, and carbon dioxide lasers. We demonstrate the use of a tiny (a few microns wide, a few millimeters long) MIR interband cascade laser (ICL) for surgical thermal ablation applications.Aim: Our goal is to demonstrate the use of an ICL for surgical thermal ablation and demonstrate its efficacy in ablating normal fibroblasts and primary undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma tumor cells (C1619).Approach: We conducted Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of healthy and cancerous tissue samples, which indicated that the absorption of tumor tissue is higher than healthy tissue around wavelength. These results enabled us to select an ICL emission wavelength, , of to probe normal fibroblast and primary undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma cell survival after ICL exposure.Results: We show that the absorption of tumorous tissue is higher than that of healthy tissues around the MIR wavelength. We demonstrate that the ICL is able to ablate cancer cells at very low-power levels that can be clinically implemented but that this effect does not appear to be specific to C1619 when compared to normal fibroblasts.Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that ICLs may represent an exciting new avenue toward precise laser-based thermal ablation.

Biosafety, Nontoxic Nanoparticles for VL-NIR Photothermal Therapy Against Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Semiconductor nanocrystals with extraordinary physicochemical and biosafety properties with unique nanostructures have shown tremendous potential as photothermal therapy (PTT) nanosensitizers. Herein, we successfully synthesized chiral molybdenum (Cys-MoO3–x) nanoparticles (NPs) for overcoming the general limitation on electron energy bands and biotoxicity. The obtained Cys-MoO3–x NPs are selected as an ideal design for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells through the decoration of cysteine molecules due to excellent initial photothermal spectral analysis of conductivity and light absorbance. Notably, NPs possess the ability to act as visible light (VL) and near-infrared (NIR) double-reactive agents to ablate cancer cells. By combining photoconductive PTT with hypotoxicity biochemotherapy, the treatment validity of OSCC cancer cells can be improved in vitro by up to 89% (808 nm) and get potential PTT effect under VL irradiation, which intuitively proved that the nontoxic NPs were lethally effective for cancer cells under laser irradiation. Hence, this work highlights a powerful and safe NP platform for NIR light-triggered PTT for use in head and neck cancer (HNC) cells, showing promising application prospects in oral tumor treatment.