According to the Vocational Competence Standards for College Counselors (Interim) issued by the Ministry of Education of China, this study constructs the leadership of college counselors from four dimensions: ideological education guidance ability, organizational management ability, consulting service ability, theory and practice research. Based on the questionnaire and interview survey of 320 counselors and counselors' management positions from six colleges and universities in Hunan Province, and the use of factor molecule, variance analysis, multiple regression analysis, structural equation and other measurement methods, this paper discusses the main factors that affect counselors' leadership ability from individual factors and school factors. The results showed that the gender samples had a significant effect on the consulting service ability. Age samples show significant influence on organizational management ability, and counselors of different ages have significant differences in individual dimensions of leadership ability. The years of working as counselors have significant effects on ideological education and guidance, organizational management ability and consulting service ability. Among them, counselors lack the consciousness and ability of theoretical practice research. Most counselors lack subjective initiative and ability in theoretical and practical research. According to the research results, through the personal factors (theoretical learning, vocational training, skill competition, academic exchange), school factors (career development, ability training, assessment and incentive) two levels of seven dimensions of the influencing factors of college counselors' leadership, in-depth research is made. In addition, specific suggestions are put forward from the following five aspects: building a learning and training platform for counselors, building a theoretical and practical research platform, creating a platform to show counselors' work performance and professional quality development, and establishing target incentive and career development incentive, so as to promote the professional, professional and expert development of counselors and effectively improve the overall quality and construction level of counselors.