Abhrak Bhasma Research Articles

Application of Ayurvedic Bhasma for the Treatment of Cancer

ABSTRACT The application of Ayurvedic Bhasma in cancer treatment has garnered increasing interest due to its potential as an alternative therapeutic approach. Bhasma, a herbo-mineral formulation that consists of bioactive nanoparticles used in traditional Indian medicine, has shown promising preclinical evidence for its anticancer properties. Ayurveda, an ancient medicine system practiced in the Indian subcontinent, has successfully used various formulations to prevent or treat arbuda, which can be correlated with cancer. These formulations include Swarna Bhasma, Heerak Bhasma, Abhrak Bhasma, Manikya Bhasma, Yashada Bhasma, and many more. Using Ayurvedic medicines, the side effects of chemotherapy can be minimized, thereby increasing the life span of patients. With the advent of nanotechnology, traditional drug design and delivery are being looked upon in a completely new perspective. The anticancer activity of certain Bhasma is attributed to the presence of metallic nanoparticle content, enhancing its bioavailability and targeted action on cancer cells. In preclinical studies, some Bhasmas have demonstrated potential in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and suppressing tumor growth. However, at the same time, limitations in the use of Bhasma for cancer treatment, such as the lack of standardized synthesis processes and documented scientific validation, have also been acknowledged. The multifaceted analysis presented underscores the need for rigorous research, including clinical trials, to validate the safety, efficacy, and specific applications of Bhasma in different cancer types and stages. Although the health-beneficial effects of these Bhasmas have been known for a long time, their mechanism of action is not clearly understood yet at least for some Bhasmas that have shown potential in clinical trials. Therefore, further detailed studies are needed to understand the therapeutic mode of action for different Bhasma. However, despite these limitations, the integration of Ayurvedic Bhasma into cancer treatment regimens emerges as a compelling prospect, potentially yielding synergistic effects.

Characterization of iron-based ayurvedic medicine Abhrak Bhasma (Shataputi) produced by various manufacturers and its pharmacokinetic profiling in Wistar rats

Characterization of iron-based ayurvedic medicine Abhrak Bhasma (Shataputi) produced by various manufacturers and its pharmacokinetic profiling in Wistar rats

A Classical Review on Pharmaceutical and Analytical Study of Abhrak Bhasma

Abhrak bhasma is an important traditional preparation which possesses higher therapeutic value and is widely prescribed for skin disorders, respiratory ailments and other chronic conditions. In order to ensure the quality of Abhrak Bhasma, needs a critical study of its pharmaceutical aspects such as quality of raw Abhraka, Shodhan process, Dhanyabhrak Nirman and Maran of Abhraka as well as Abhrak Bhasma tested on the basis of organoleptic characteristics and classical Bhasma pariksha. Hence the present study reviewed classical literature on Abhrak Bhasma. Aim and Objectives: To review classical literature on Pharmaceutical study of Abhrak Bhasma with the objective to evaluate pharmaceutical aspects of Abhrak Bhasma critically on various factors such as Shodhana process, Marana process, temperature pattern, no. of Putas etc. Methods and Materials: All the classical literature in Rasagrantha, Samgraha Grantha, textbooks of Ayurveda and Rasashastra regarding pharmaceutical and analytical studies of Abhrak Bhasma. Observation and Result: The classical literature revealed that the pharmaceutical studies of Abhrak Bhasma like Shodhana, Dhanyabhraka, and Marana were done with specific guidelines in order to obtain the quality of Bhasma. Most of the literature followed Triphala Kwatha as a Shodhana media and Kanji for Dhanyabhraka process. The range of Puta Pramana observed was from 3 to 100 to ensure the quality of Bhasma. Abhrak Bhasma tested on the basis of organoleptic characteristics and classical Bhasma pariksha. Conclusion: In this review, the classical guidelines of pharmaceutical study of Abhraka Shodhana, Dhanyabhraka, and Marana were followed which set some important features in terms of temperature pattern, number of Puta etc. Further repeated studies on Abhrak Bhasma will help to establish standard operating procedure of it as well as fix its analytical parameters.

Comparative XRF Analysis of Krishnabhraka and Patra Abhraka

Abhrak (mica) is an important mineral next to Parada and Gandhaka in Rasashashtra. It is counted under Maharasa Varga. Chemically, Abhrak is mainly a combination of iron, aluminum, silica, magnesium, potassium and zinc. Abhrak Bhasma has a wide range of therapeutic action in various diseases such as Kasa (cough), Swasha (asthma), Panduroga (anemia), Shwetapradara (white discharge) etc. Mainly two types of Abhrak i.e., Patra abhrak (Shweta Abhrak) and Krishna Abhrak are available in the market. Krishna or Vajrabhraka is exclusively taken for preparation of Abhrak Bhasma whereas use of Patrabhraka is restricted to the preparation of Rasamanikya etc. Aim and Objectives: There is difference in physical properties of both Abhraka, so the chemical composition needs to be assessed. To analyze this difference comparative XRF analyzation of Krishna and Patra Abhrak were carried out. Methods and Materials: Both Samples of Abhraka were procured from the market and sent for XRF study. Observation and Result: In XRF analysis, percentage of Fe2O3, MgO and CaO were higher in Krishna Abhrak whereas percentage of SiO2, and Al2O3 were high in Patra Abhrak. Conclusion: Higher percentage of ferrous and magnesium signifies the chemical composition of Krishna Abhraka. The presence of more silica and aluminum in Patra Abhraka states its heat stability for pharmaceutical purposes.

Management of severe Covid-19 cases through Ayurveda: A Case series

The rampant destruction due to COVID is going on. So far, in modern medical system, there is no proven cure for COVID-19. The only relevant literature on the treatment of corona virus disease comes from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). TCM , which is widely used to control epidemics in China, is also composed of kinds of herbs similar to Ayurveda. There is reportedly a high death rate from severe COVID-19 infection requiring oxygen support. The chest severity score as assessed by computed tomography has predictive value for future outcomes in such situations. This paper is an observational (retrospective) study of COVID-19 condition of three patient receiving Ayurvedic treatment entirely without use of any allopathic drug. There is this case series of 3 patients, 32 years old male, 38 years old female and 70 years old female. These cases were managed on the principle of Sannipatika Jwar (type of fever) along with Shwas (type of respiratory illness) with administration of Hirak bhasma, Trailokya chintamani ras, Maha lakshmi vilas ras, Abhrak bhasma, Shwaskas chintamani ras, Praval pishti, Chandramrita ras, Sitopladi churna, Mahalaxmivilas ras, Sameerpannag ras, Tab Shwas kalpa and Syp Whooping for about 10 days in different combination in these patients. The treatment resulted in complete remission of almost all the signs and symptoms. The cases were followed up after next 15 days and there were no remnant symptoms. The cases also advocated for an early Ayurvedic intervention institution for COVID-19 in prevention, deterioration and complications.

Antimicrobial potential of four mica drugs and their chemical and mineralogical properties

BackgroundMica drugs, a group of herbo-metallic traditional preparations comprising biotite mica as the major mineral ingredient, are prescribed for skin disorders and respiratory ailments and other chronic conditions in South Asian countries, particularly India and Sri Lanka. Mica-based drugs (Abhrak drugs) are subjected to unique and varied preparation procedures and the bioactivity of the drugs can be affected by drug-processing conditions, the ingredients used and the mica composition. The current study aimed to evaluate and compare, on the basis of their physical and chemical characteristics, the antimicrobial potential of two commercial mica drugs AbBb (Abhrak bhashma) and AbCh (Abhrak Chenhuram) and two mica drugs ABL1 (Abhrak Bhasma Laboratory Prepared 1) and ABL2 (Abhrak Bhasma Laboratory Prepared 2) prepared in the laboratory under different conditions.MethodsAntimicrobial activity of all four drugs was assessed at 10 mg/ml concentration against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherischia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Candida albicans using well diffusion assay, agar dilution assay and Miles and Misra method. Major and trace metal constituents of the drug samples were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. Mineralogical properties, bacteria-mineral interactions, morphological changes in microbes and the surface characteristics of the drugs were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).ResultsThe drugs ABL1, ABL2 and AbBh exhibited antimicrobial activity against only Gram-positive organisms (S. aureus and MRSA) when tested with Miles and Misra method (broth method). Mineralogical studies (XRD) revealed that biotite mica was altered into secondary clay minerals and iron oxides in the commercial drug AbCh while the other three drugs had altered mica and iron oxide phases. The essential elements (Na, K, Ca and Mg) required for microbial functions were present in varying extents in all four drugs while they were present in exceedingly high amounts in AbCh having comparatively high cation-exchange capacity, consistent with the observation that AbCh was inactive against all the microbes tested. The three drugs (ABL1, ABL2 and AbBh) showing antimicrobial activity contained comparatively high amounts of Fe, Zn and Cu that are known to display antimicrobial properties at high concentrations. SEM studies revealed that the drug particles adhered and entrapped the bacterial species, presumably modifying the physiochemical characteristics of the bacteria and eventually causing lethality.ConclusionThree of the four mica drugs inhibited the tested Gram-negative bacteria and the antibacterial activity of the mica drugs depends on their constituents and the methods of preparation.

ABHRAK BHASMA AND SIO2 INFLUENCED MOBILITY OF LIPIDS IN LIVER AND KIDNEY OF CCL4 INDUCED ACUTELY INTOXICATED ALBINO RAT

In our earlier studies on CCl4 induced acute toxicity model (CCl4 3ml/kg body wt). Abhrak bhasma protects fatty degeneration of liver and associated nephrotoxicity in male albino rats. It had shown to function through production and management of free radicals (Teli and Kanase, 2020a, b). To study further the paths of Abhrak Bhasma mediated protection of acute hepatotoxicity and associated nephrotoxicity, liver, kidney and serum lipid contents were studied in present work. It shows no lipid accumulation in liver or kidney of normal rats by Abhrak Bhasma (10, 20, 30 and 40mg doses). But a same dose of silica in pure form (SiO2) is hepato and nephrotoxic in high doses in normal male albino rat. In acutely intoxicated rat also all the doses of Abhrak Bhasma influenced lipid contents of liver, kidney and serum show the protection of liver from fatty degeneration and also associated nephrotoxicity. Doses 30 and 40mg normalized the contents from liver, kidney and serum. The results are discussed to reveals the probable mode of action of Abhrak Bhasma.

Classical View on Bhasma as Chief Formulation of Rasashastra: An Ayurveda Review

Minerals and metals based drugs possess important therapeutic potential and preparation of such medicines described in Rasashastra which deals with minerals and metals based formulations. The processing techniques related to the preparation of these medicines are very specific to make these drugs nontoxic and efficacious. Shodhana means purification and Marana means incineration/calcinations are main procedures associated with the preparation of Rasa- Aushdhis. Bhasmas are important preparation of this category which is considered as herbo-metallic preparation and description of Bhasma Kalpana is found in Ayurveda Samhitas during Arsha Sampradaya. These herbo-mineral/metallic formulations (Bhasma) mainly prepared by various steps of purification, grinding, mixing, heating, incineration and size reduction, etc. These drugs possess advantages of palatability, low dosing frequency, high potency, good bioavailability, optimum absorption and wide range of therapeutic spectrum. Bhasma not only used for therapeutic purpose but also advised for promoting general health and rejuvenating effects. Makshika bhasma, Swarna bhasma, Abhrak bhasma, Louha bhasma and Tamra bhasma, etc. are commonly used Bhasma preparation indicated for many pathological conditions including skin diseases, digestive ailments, sexual disorders, asthma and infections, etc.

A study on toxicity and anti-hyperglycemic effects of Abhrak Bhasma in rats

BackgroundAbhrak bhasma (AB) is widely used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM); however, no scientific study is reported till date on its efficacy and safety to prove it's pharmacological effects. Streptozotocin (STZ) is a gulcosamine–nitrosourea complex produced by Streptomyces achromogenes, which particularly induces DNA strand breakage in pancreatic β-cells causing DM. The damage caused by STZ to pancreatic β-cells is coupled with insulin release in the initial stage, subsequently leading to hyperglycemia owing to insulin deficiency. Objective(s)In the present study, the safety and effectiveness of AB was evaluated by invivo acute and sub-acute toxicity study and STZ-induced hyperglycemic activity in rats. Materials and methodsAcute oral toxicity assessed as per OECD 425 guidelines by employing up-down procedure (UDP), sub-acute toxicity as per OECD-407 guidelines and anti-hyperglycemic activity using STZ method. The anti-hyperglycemic potential of AB in rats (40, 80, and 160 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) was evaluated by determining the body weight, blood glucose, organ weight, lipid profile, and histo-morphological and histo-pathological investigations. ResultsThe highest tolerated dose of AB was 2000 mg/kg b.w., and sub-acute toxicity of different AB doses showed no significant variation, when compared with the control. Interestingly, a noteworthy reduction in blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides levels were observed in AB-treated diabetic rats, along with a considerable increase in body weight, when compared with those noted in the disease control and normal control. ConclusionEffectiveness of AB as a potential safe and potent candidate for the treatment of diabetes was revealed as compared to the standard drug Metformin by STZ-induced method.

STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF ABHRAK BHASM ON HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF WISTAR RATS

The Ayurveda is the traditional system of medicine which is been used by Indian's. The science of life is the basic meaning of the word Ayurveda. The method of practicing had been a trusted and tested method in treating the illness. Abhrak Bhasma, an amorphous powder drug, is prepared by treating biotite (mica) with the juices of a number of reconstituent plants that make it a powerful cellular regenerator. It is commonly used ayurvedic drug against many diseases including hepatitis (hepatoprotective). It is also used as nervine tonic and is widely used in respiratory tract infections and megaloblastic anemia. It contains iron, magnesium, potassium, calcium and aluminium in trace amounts. It also contains silicates of iron, magnesium and aluminium.In this study a total of 30 adult albino Wistar rats of approximately 4 months age (approx. 150-200 gms) of either sex selected randomly to see the effect of Abhrak bhasm, an ayurvedic drug on hematological and biochemical prole of Wistar rats.The rats were weighed, marked and divided into 5 groups each consisting of six animals. In normal control group(Group E), no drug was administered and in rest of the four treated groups(Group-A,B,C,D), Abhrak bhasm @ 36 mg/kg B.wt. was administered orally once in each rat.All blood samples were collected from jugular veins by using 30 gauze needle in EDTA (Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) vials and in plain vials for hematological and biochemical investigations respectively at 0.5 hour,2 hours, 6 hours, 24 hours and at the end of study in Groups A, B, C, D and E respectively.A signicant increase in Neutrophils percentage and a signicant decrease in Lymphocytes percentage were observed in both group B and group C i.e. at 2 hours and 6 hours of drug administration respectively, as compared to control group. In two cases, in group B and group C i.e.at 2 hours and 6 hours of Abhrak bhasm drug administration, hypersegmented neutrophils were seen in blood smear. In three cases, two in group B and one in group D i.e. at 2 hours and 24 hours of drug administration, polychromasia were seen. The ndings in the present study indicate the erythropoeisis stimulant action and also a signicant phagocytic activity i.e. immunomodulatory activity of Sahastraputi Abhrak Bhasma drug. It consolidated the fact that Sahastraputi Abhrak Bhasma is highly regarded as Rasayan, thus leading to scope for exploring the mechanism of its activity through more animal and clinical studies.

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF ABHRAK BHASM IN WISTAR RATS

Abhrak bhasma (AB) is a type of bhasma prepared from repeated incineration of mineral mica with decoctions of about 72 herbs. The particle size of Abhrak bhasm has been shown to be in the range of 29-88 nanometers and Fe, Ca, Si, Mg and K are found to be as major constituent. Many drugs developed to treat Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders are unable to reach the brain parenchyma in therapeutically relevant concentrations. The blood brain barrier protects brain parenchyma from the uctuation of plasma composition, from pathogenic agents and maintains homeostasis of the brain parenchyma by restricting non-specic ux of ions, peptides, proteins and even cells into and out the brain. Immunohistochemistry is being widely employed as a tool for biological studies. This study is conducted to examine the change in the continuity of Blood brain barrier by using immunohistochemistry, once Abhrak bhasm drug is given in experimental animal and also to examine the histology of organs. In this study a total of 30 adult albino Wistar rats of approximately 4 months age (approx. 150-200 gms) of either sex selected randomly to see the effect of Abhrak bhasm, an ayurvedic drug on Wistar rats. The rats were weighed, marked and divided into 5 groups each consisting of six animals. In normal control group (Group E), no drug was administered and in rest of the four treated groups (Group-A,B,C,D), Abhrak bhasm @ 36 mg/kg B.wt. was administered orally once in each rat. Brain, liver, kidneys,spleen and blood samples were collected in 10% formalin solution after euthanizing the rats at 0.5,2,6 & 12 hours of Abhrak bhasma drug intervention. The alterations in any of the biochemical parameters are within the tolerable limits of liver and kidney since the dose of abhrak bhasm did not affect liver and kidneys. In the present study, the increase in ALP level may be the result of alterations in metabolisms that occurred without any signicant alteration in histology of liver. After applying the immunohistochemistry with the research markers GFAP, CD 34, S 100, GLUT-1 and RECA-1 on the rats in groups A,B,C and D, there was no change in the intensity of immunohistochemistry, with respect to control. While on applying the Occludin, the intensity of immunohistochemistry was reduced in all the treatment groups as compared to the control group. On the basis of ndings of present study it can be concluded that the therapeutic dose of Abhrak bhasma causes changes at the level of tight junctions present in blood brain barrier in rats which is shown by immunohistochemistry with occludin research marker. There is no toxic effect of drug on different organs of rats as no signicant changes in histology of organs are seen. More studies need to be done to check the permeability of blood brain barrier for Abhrak bhasma drug, like calculating its concentration in brain tissues and other vital organs of rat.

PHARMACEUTICAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDY OF ABHRAK BHASMA

Bhasma are the unique and important organometallic preparations used in Ayurveda Therapeutics. Bhasma are complex structures generally prepared by repeated incineration of metals and minerals with medicinal herbs decoction or juices. Abhrak Bhasma is an excellent cellular regenerator and nervine tonic. It is indicated in various chronic diseases such as tuberculosis, COPD and many types of cardiac diseases. Considering the principles of Ras-shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana and also the importance of their standard method of preparation, it is decided to carry out pharmaceutical and analytical study of ‘Abhrak Bhasma’. Preparation of Abhrak Bhasma involves the procedures Vajrabhrak Shodhan, Dhanyabhrak Nirman and Maran of Abhrak. Prepared samples of Abhrak Bhasma tested on the basis of organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters. Prepared samples of Abhrakabhasma (AB-1, AB-2, AB-3) were Nishchandra, Sindurabha coloured, Sookshma, Rekhapurna, Sparshakomal (Mrudu, Shlakshna), Nirdhum and Niswadu. Along with Ayurvedic parameters modern parameters such as L.O.D., L.O.I., pH, conductivity, successive solubility, elemental assay of Fe2+ and Fe3+ etc. were applied to the samples of Abhraka Bhasma. Analytical study of Abhraka Bhasma revealed the uniformity of the procedures in the three samples of Abhraka Bhasma, as evidenced by the observations of the analytical values of the three samples were not much variation found.

Characterization of biotite drugs used in traditional medicine

Temperature-induced mineral alterations are extensively used in traditional pharmaceutical industry. Studies on the traditional heating methods for enhancing pharmaceutical properties and on the toxicity of mineral-based medicines are limited. This study focuses on the effect of thermal alterations on mineralogical and chemical changes of biotite with respect to two traditional drugs (Abhrak Bhasma and Abhrak Chendhuram). Samples of the drugs and heat-treated and untreated biotite minerals were characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Total and water-soluble cation concentrations of drugs were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. The study reveals that the degree of collapsing the biotite structure increased with the thermal oxidation process that produced nanoparticles of crystalline and amorphous iron oxides and secondary silicates. The thermal products of biotite had nano-crystallinity and high water solubility. The study suggests that modern pharmaceuticals can be developed from mineral-based traditional drugs.

ABHRAK BHASMA AND SiO2 INFLUENCED FREE RADICAL STATUS IN LIVER AND KIDNEY OF CCl4-INDUCED ACUTELY INTOXICATED MALE ALBINO RAT

Objective: The objective of the study was to study the mechanism of action of abhrak bhasma-mediated liver and kidney protection in CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity-induced male albino rats. Action of abhrak bhasma is compared with the action of SiO2 in similar experimental conditions to differentiate the role of silicon.
 Methods: Male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used for experiments. The acute hepatotoxicity was induced by daily dose of CCl4 (3.0 ml/kg body wt for 7 days consecutive). Concurrent treatment of abhrak bhasma in graded doses (10, 20, 30, and 40 mg) was given for 7 days (PO). SiO2 (10, 20, 30, and 40 mg) in graded doses was also given in independent groups of rats as silica control. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) in liver and kidney was studied by malondialdehyde (MDA) estimations as parameter of toxicity and also to study protection.
 Results: CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity (MDA levels) is partially managed by low doses of SiO2 but not by high doses. Abhrak bhasma hepatoprotective activities were dose dependent. A 40 mg dose maintained normal levels of LPO. Abhrak bhasma also protected associated renal toxicity.
 Conclusion: Abhrak bhasma protected CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and also associated renal toxicity. Silicon from both SiO2 and abhrak bhasma is hepatoprotective in 10 ml doses (10 and 20 mg) but silicon processed in abhrak bhasma by traditional Ayurvedic processes increased its potency and hepatoprotection and added the potency of renal protection.

A Randomized Controlled Trial to Study Efficacy of Amavata Pramathini Vati when given with Vaitaran Basti in the Management of Amavata

Amavata is particular type of disease that is mentioned in Ayurveda since the period of Madhavkar, under the category of Vata- Kaphaja disorder. According to Ayurveda, Ama is caused due to malfunctioning of the digestive and metabolic mechanism. Vata is the chief functional operator of the all types of voluntary or involuntary movements of body. Vitiated Vata, Dosha along with Ama is termed as Amavata. It indicates the propulsion of Amaby vitiated Vata throughout body getting lodge in Sandhi sthana (jointareas) producing Amavata. Amavata issucha disease of chronic joint pain and bodyache, accompanied by swelling of some or all of the Synovialjoints. Angamarda (Bodypain), Aruchi (Lossoftaste), Trishna (Thirst), Alasya (Lackofenthusiasm), Gourav (heaviness), Klama (Tirednesswithoutdoingwork), Apaka (Indigestion) and Jwar (fever). Amavata can be correlated with Rheumatoid Arthritis. The prevalence of RA increases between 25-55yrs of age. Chakradatta was first to describe in the treatment for Amavata. He gave Basti chikitsa especially Vaitaran Basti is considered as the chief treatment regimen for Amavata and Amavata Pramathini Vati is a formulation which is prescribed to treat Amavata. The description of Amavata Pramathini Vati is found in Bhaishajya Ratnavali. Amavata Pramathini Vati is a formulation off given drugs Kalmishora, Arkamula, Shuddha Gandhaka, Loha Bhasma And Abhrak bhasma. These drugs play significant rolein reducing the symptoms and to treat the Amavata. The drugs have Vata Kaphaghna property which reduce Vata and Kapha, Doshas from the body and reduces the symptoms of Amavata.

Spectroscopic Analysis of Thermodynamic Changes in Shataputi Abhrak Bhasma at Various Stages of its Preparation

Introduction: The science of Rasashastra needs to be upgraded with the help of technological advances of today's world, which shall open up new avenues for drug processing, development, and therapeutics in Ayurveda. Bhasma Kalpana is a widely used pharmaceutical form that demands exploration in view of the thermodynamic changes occurring in a closed system during incinerations. Shataputi Abhrak Bhasma encompassing a wide range of Putas was selected for assessing the quantum mechanical changes due to repeated incinerations. Aims and objectives: To analyze the effect of preparatory procedures on molecular structure, particle size, elemental assay, effect of rise in temperature on mass, and the percentage reflectance and absorbance of sunlight of Shataputi Abhrak Bhasma. Materials and methods: Shataputi Abhrak Bhasma was prepared in accordance to reference from Rasa Jala Nidhi. Shodhan was done with Nirvap in Godugdha and Maran was done with hundred Gajaputas adopting Bhavana with Gomutra. Abhrak Bhasma samples of various stages of incineration were subjected to advanced analytical tests like X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductive coupled plasma-atomic electron spectroscopy (ICP–AES), field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysisdifferential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), and ultraviolet-visible-infrared spectroscopy (UV-Vis-IR) at the Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay. Results and conclusion: Advanced spectroscopic analytical tests revealed significant changes with increase in incinerations like complete destruction of the original compound, formation of newer compounds, significant change in the percentage of original elements, particle size reduction to the nanometer scale, thermal decomposition and recrystallization, and decrease in reflectance of sunlight. Clinical significance: The number of incinerations of a Bhasma is directly related to its therapeutic potential. Understanding the physical and chemical changes occurring at the molecular level of the Bhasma during incinerations highlighted the significance attached with the process of Maran. The study helped standardize and update the knowledge regarding differently incinerated Abhrak Bhasma and also explore the therapeutic potential of Shataputi Abhrak Bhasma that is regarded as a Rasayan.

Comparative Clinical Assessment of Efficacy of Shataputi Abhrak Bhasma Along With Chausasti Pippali as an Adjuvant to AKT in Pulmonary TB

Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death, and the leading cause from a single infectious agent. It has been reported that millions of people continue to fall sick with TB each year. Since 1994, with endorsement from WHO; DOTS, Directly Observed Treatment Short-course strategy has been implemented worldwide for control of TB. However, the increasing incidence of TB suggests the need for newer medicines, especially from Ayurveda. Rajayakshma has been correlated with pulmonary tuberculosis due to a great deal of similarities in their manifestations. Abhraka Bhasma and Chausasti Pippali are widely used by Ayurvedic physicians for the treatment of various respiratory diseases. This study was designed to elucidate their anti-tubercular efficacy as an adjuvant to DOTS therapy. The study was conducted on 60 patients diagnosed with Pulmonary TB and showing signs and symptoms of Rajayakshma. They were divided into two groups. The study duration was two months. As per the observations, it was seen that, though both groups were receiving anti-tubercular drugs; the response in the group B patients (DOTS with Shataputi Abhraka Bhasma and Chausasti Pippali) was comparatively better and earlier in some of the symptoms studied. The subjective feeling of the sense of well being was enhanced and reported earlier by the patients of Group B. It can be concluded that co-administration of Shataputi Abhrak Bhasma and Chausasti Pippali along with AKT provided better outcome.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO EVALUATE HAEMODYNAMIC ACTION OF HERBO-MINERAL COMPOUNDS

ABSTRACT : 
 Aim: Every ¼ individuals die due to cardiac failure. Cardiac diseases are increasing and ranks 1st in top 10 causes of death as per WHO. In order to increase life span and mortal period we must find an alternative treatment and so we have the rich ancient wisdom from Ayurveda. We have to utilize this knowledge scientifically so that we can understand their action and use them to cure diseased person. Objective: To evaluate the heamodynamic action of herbo-mineral compound in healthy individual. Material & Method: Four healthy individuals were selected for the study. Each healthy individual consumed a different bhasma and post consumption the following parameters were checked Heart Rate (HR), Systolic blood pressure (SBP), Stroke volume (SV) , Cardiac output(CO), Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) ; were recorded at intervals of immediately after consumption, after 1 hour and after 2 hours. Rasa bhasma administered tamra bhasma, abhrak bhasma, suvarna makshik bhasma, mauktik bhasma. Method Of Evaluation: Deviation in parameters was observed from normal standard value leading to conclusion of heamodynamic effect.
 Result: 
 Sr no Bhasma name Chronotropic effect Inotropic effect
 
 Tamra bhasma Positive Negative
 Abhrak bhasma Negative Negative
 Swarna makshik bhasma Neutral Negative
 Mauktik bhasma Neutral Negative
 
 Conclusion : Herbomineral compounds have a significant haemodynamic effect on the human body.

A Design of experiments Approach to Assess the Effect of Formulation and Process Variables on the Extrusion and Spheronization of abhrak bhasma Loaded spheroids

Abstract The aim of the current study is to determine the composition and process parameters and also to optimise formulation of spheriods using blanket burman design. The DoE study conducted using 3nos of Categorical factors and 8nos of numerical factor. Based on the outcome of the placebo DoE studies, the optimised formulation of the abhrak bhasma spheroids had been formulated and evaluated for its Invitro activity in cell lines..

Chemical characterization of an Ayurvedic herbo-mineral preparation- Mahalaxmivilas Rasa

BackgroundTo protect the massive trust of patient in Ayurveda, a need aroused for the researches to ascertain the quality, safety & efficacy of herbo-mineral preparations on scientific lines. The rasa-aushadhis are having qualities such as instant effectiveness, requirement in very small dosage and ample therapeutic utility. Mahalaxmi Vilas Rasa [AFI, 20:27] has been used for treatment of a variety of ailments since time immemorial. ObjectiveTo prepare Mahalaxmi Vilas Rasa as per standard operating procedures (SoPs) mentioned in classical text and to characterize it chemically using modern analytical techniques. Materials and MethodsThe drug (Mahalaxmi Vilas Rasa) in three batches was prepared in GMP certified pharmacy. Physico-chemical analysis, HPTLC, Assay of elements by AAS & ICP-AES were carried out as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) was conducted using Rigaku Ultima-IV X-ray diffractometer. ResultsThe elemental analysis shown the presence of Mercury, Sulphur, Calcium, Copper, Gold, Iron & Tin etc. and HPTLC revealed presence of organic constituents from plant material. The XRD had indicated that prepared drug contained free sulphur, cinnabar (mercury sulphide added as Kajjali), cassiterite (tin oxide, Vanga Bhasma), orpiment (Hartal, arsenic III sulphide) and mica (Leucite/ Zeolite, Abhrak Bhasma). The drug was also tested for residual pesticide and microbiological contamination which were found within permissible limits. ConclusionClassical pharmaceutical procedures of Mahalaxmi Vilas Rasa showed converting the macro elements into therapeutically effective medicines of micro form. Standards laid down in this study certainly utilized as an important tool for standardization and quality assurance of this herbo-mineral formulation.