Abductive Method Research Articles

Reconstructive Social Innovation Cycles in Women-Led Initiatives in Rural Areas

Social innovations can tackle various challenges related to gender equity in rural areas, especially when such innovations are initiated and developed by women themselves. We examine cases located in rural areas of Canada, Italy, Lebanon, Morocco, and Serbia, where women are marginalized by gender roles, patriarchal values, male dominated economy and policy, and lack of opportunities for education and employment. Our objective is to analyze five case studies on how women-led social innovation processes can tackle gender equity related challenges manifested at the levels of everyday practice, institutions, and cognitive frames. The analyses are based on interviews, workshops, literature screening, and are examined via the qualitative abductive method. Results summarize challenges that rural women are facing, explore social innovation initiatives as promising solutions, and analyze their implications on gender equity in the five case studies. Based on our results we propose a new concept: reconstructive social innovation cycle. It refers to is defined as cyclical innovation processes that engage women via civil society initiatives. These initiatives reconstruct the existing state of affairs, by questioning marginalizing and discriminative practices, institutions, and cognitive frames that are often perceived as normal. The new concept helps with to assessing the implications that women-led social innovations have for gender equity.

Knowledge Network for Sustainable Local Development

This article aims to build a network for the exchange of knowledge between the government and production, community and university sectors for sustainable local development. To achieve this, the authors relied on the concepts of sustainable local development, social capital, the relationship between sectors or intersectorality, networks and interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary knowledge. Regarding the methodology, the abductive method was used. Under a documentary design, the research techniques were a content analysis of theoretical documents and the deductive inference technique. The construction of a knowledge exchange network for sustainable local development stands out as the result. It is concluded that knowledge networks for sustainable local development have positive implications in the establishment of alliances and links between the sectors that make up society.

Abductive Inference Method in Problems of Explaining the Observed

The problems of artificial intelligence, control and decision-making with incomplete or unreliable information include a wide class of problems of abductive explanation of the observed, including cause–effect problems. The study is devoted to the substantiation of the method of logical formation of hypotheses explaining the observed. Means of knowledge representation and derivation of hypotheses are proposed. A language possessing the property of substitutability is introduced. The properties of language and the calculi introduced in it provide hypothesizing by combining deduction and abduction. In contrast to the well-known logical methods of abduction, the proposed techniques make it possible to derive hypotheses (minorants) that are necessary and sufficient for a formal explanation of the observed. Based on minorants in combination with the basic theory of the subject area, reliable causes of the observed or relevant circumstances leading to these causes are formed. In this case, in situations with the availability of empirical data, these causes and circumstances can also be formed in plausible versions. Examples from technology and medicine are considered.

Non-normative use of reflexivity in social work with families in the Czech Republic

Abstract Discourse on the normative use of reflexivity predominates in the professional literature. Expert articles on the topic of non-normative use of reflexivity, which is based on the presumption that social workers do not use reflexivity to improve their work quality, but rather its functions for themselves to fulfil specific purposes, is missing, with some exceptions in the literature. The presented article therefore aims to understand the use of reflexivity in the practice of social work with families in its non-normative concept and to determine the implications for social work. Using the abduction method (in which Schechtman’s narrative identity theory was applied to data analysis), the following four categories of the use of reflexivity in a non-normative way were saturated with data obtained from initial interviews, field observations and subsequent reflection of field observations with social workers: personal interest, survival, moral responsibility and compensation. The non-normative concept of reflexivity is further discussed in the context of specific implications for education and practice of social work.

THE CONCEPTS OF MANIS AND PAHIT IN INDONESIAN EXPRESSIONS (COGNITIVE LINGUISTIC APPROACH)

Manis and pahit that are well known as the kinds of flavour are used by Indonesian to express experiences, thoughts, feelings, or anything in daily activities. It happens since special characters of these flavours have been structured in people thoughts. By means of this this study, the writer attempts to describe kinds of meaning represented by Indonesian manis and pahit expressions and also describe things of life associated with manis and pahit in Indonesian expressions. The data are manis and pahit expressions found and selected randomly from several sources. The writer uses non participants’ observation, and note taking techniques to present the data. Referential identity, distributional, reflective introspective and abductive inferential methods are also used to analyze the data. The result shows that manis and pahit in Indonesian expressions represent three kinds of meaning; connotative, metaphoric, and ironic. Manis and pahit in Indonesian expressions also associate with eleven things in life; condition, feeling, attitude, action, physical appearance, result, relationship, process, event, statement, and life.

Consociation: How Developing Communities Organize Collective Entrepreneurship for Common Prosperity

This paper explores alternative forms of organizing in relation to entrepreneurship and social transformation. Some pioneering communal entrepreneurship studies recognized the limitations of conventional, individual-based entrepreneurship studies with regard to tackling the growing income disparity in developing economies. They suggest that addressing the needs of vulnerable groups can be better organized at the collective rather than at the individual level. However, such a collective organization mechanism has not yet illustrated fully in the literature. This study fills the gap by adopting an abductive method to build theory by tracing the ten-year evolution of a large community-based enterprise in China. Based on the intensive case study, I theorize collective entrepreneurship and identify consociation as the underpinned organization mechanism.

How connectivity affects otherwise traditional toys? A functional analysis of Hello Barbie

Abstract The current smart toy research has not fully acknowledged the existing research on traditional toys. Instead, the focus has been on the digital layer of smart toys. This study contributes to bridging the gap between traditional and smart toy research by applying the analytical model known as the functional manipulation potential of toys (FMP) to identify if and how smart features such as connectivity affect otherwise traditional toys. Based on purposeful sampling of informant-rich cases, this study uses FMP to analytically compare the digitally enhanced Hello Barbie doll to a traditional Barbie. The data, analyzed using abductive methods, comprises the tangible dolls and the 8,000 lines of dialogue dialog that Hello Barbie can speak. The results show that connectivity can notably change the FMP of an otherwise traditional toy. These changes took place in two forms: additions and amplifications. Additions mean that Hello Barbie contains functional elements a traditional Barbie does not. Amplifications refer to situations where already existing elements were augmented by the connectivity. Implications for future research are discussed.

Economy Digitalization under the wave Nature of Innovation Development

The paper is devoted to the consideration of approaches to the study of innovative development frequency and some aspects of the ongoing economy digitalization. The research methodology is based on the innovation theory and the evolutionary theory of economic change. The study was performed using comparative analysis, abductive and inductive methods. The authors proposed to determine the list of technologies of Industry 4.0 based on their influence on the development of the digital economy key factor — digital data. The realization examples of the J. A. Schumpeter’s creative destruction concept by mean of technologies integration that are the basis of the economy digitalization are stated. During the consideration of the innovative context of the economy digitalization, the interrelation of the general patterns of development between the nature of the changes in technological stages in economy and direct natural selection of biological creatures is shown. Having based on the study authors recommend to prioritize the development and / or implementation of the third component of the digital economy, advanced digital technologies, in conformity with the functions they allow to perform extracting the value from digital data. The study may be of interest to government agencies, commercial and international organizations. The practical significance of the study for government agencies, commercial and international organizations consists of the possibility of building strategic and tactical plans for digital development and recording the digitalization results in the context of technologies related to each of the four stages of extracting value from digital data.

KOALISI MASYARAKAT LOKAL PRIBUMI GUGAT AMNT : ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS

Every choice of meaning is ideologically motivated. Ideology is most effective when the work is not visible. Interpreting ideology in the text can be seen from the choice of vocabulary and grammatical construction. To analyze it we need to interpret not only the text but also the relationship between the text, and its social conditions. According to Fairclough, they can be grouped into three stages, namely description, interpretation and explanation. Stages of description relate to the formal nature of texts, interpretations relating to the relationship between texts and their interactions, explanations relating to the relationship between interpretations and social context.To analyze data using referential methods, substitution methods and abductive inference methods. The referential method is to analyze the system of assessment and discourse intertextuality of texts. To carry out an analysis of a valid grading system a substitution method is needed. Then the abductive inference method is needed to analyze the relationship between texts.From the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that each media has its own way of expressing its ideology. Ideology has closed the relationship with the target market that is the reader. Rungan Samawa is an online place for Sumbawa people, the news is very clear and concise, with a sharp choice of vocabulary, all related to the genre of news they have. The Case of the Local Indigenous Community Coalition Sued Amnt is a form of concern for the Samawa people who are all over the world.

Evaluating mobile app usage by service sector micro and small enterprises in Nigeria: an abductive approach

ABSTRACT This research investigated how mobile apps influence the dynamic capabilities of service sector micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Lagos, Nigeria. Using an abductive method, data from 388 service sector MSEs was examined through exploratory factor analysis. The resultant model suggests that mobile app usage barely increases the absorptive capability (integrating new learning into the organization) of MSEs; rather, it strongly influences the ability to seize opportunities. The result implies that mobile app usage by service sector MSEs in Lagos deviates from the conventional views on the micro foundations of the dynamic capability framework, which argues that sensed opportunities are first analysed (shaped) before resources are deployed towards their maximization. These findings suggest that the service sector MSEs in Lagos seldom scrutinize opportunities before deploying resources to seize them. This study extends IS literature on how mobile apps help MSEs to exploit business opportunities in resource-constrained contexts.

On round dates, acute issues and solving problems of low-parametric equations of state by logical abduction

Within the framework of a simple molecular thermodynamic model, the problems of comparing equations of state (EOS) and the choice of analogs in three sets are analyzed: equations based on the model of interacting point centers, van der Waals type equations, and Martin equations derived from volume translation. A method for the selection of EOS was proposed and approved by calculating the critical isotherms Ar and C4F8. According to the results of the PV calculations, the selected EOSs turned out to be better than known those of Peng-Robinson, Martin, Redlich-Kwong. On the basis of a new characteristic of the equation, a parameter comparing the configuration contributions, a method has been proposed for choosing EOS-analogs in different families. An explanation is given for the impossibility of describing equally well with one equation two states with a reduced density of 2 and 3/2. The results obtained for the EOS of the new model confirm its adequacy in full accordance with the method of abduction.

Entrepreneurs’ Life History: Strategy And Research Method To Studying Entrepreneurial Learning

Purpose - Propose that, based on the life history of startups founders, it should be possible to reveal learning processes that occurred during their lives, even before they got involved in entrepreneurial practices.Design/Methodology - Within a qualitative and interpretivist approach, Life History is used as a guiding strategy and method for gathering data. In addition, seeking to delineate the investigation of experiences by entrepreneurs, it was conducted semi-structured interviews focused on thematic stories. To analyze the data, two interconnected strategies were used: narrative analysis and the abductive method.Main results - The results make it possible to identify the involvement of entrepreneurs with various social practices. These practices point to the lifelong journey of these entrepreneurs as a continual process of learning, indicating fragments of learning which occur and become relevant to the current entrepreneurial practice.Theoretical/methodological contributions - This article highlights the situated nature of entrepreneurial learning as a process anchored in social practices that begins before involvement in an entrepreneurial action. In terms of methodology, this study suggests a path to contribute to the formation of a research agenda within the Brazilian context.Relevance/originality - The article highlights the Life History and the Thematic Interview as tools that will facilitate the work of future researchers interested in revealing entrepreneurs’ learning processes not just before an entrepreneurial practice but also during the beginning of the entrepreneurial process and the running of their businesses.

Rhetorics of Radicalism

What rhetorics run throughout radical discourse, and why do some gain prominence over others? The scholarship on radicalism largely portrays radical discourse as opposition to powerful ideas and enemies, but radicals often evince great interest in personal and local concerns. To shed light on how radicals use and adopt rhetoric, we analyze an original corpus of more than 23,000 pages produced by Afghan radical groups between 1979 and 2001 using a novel computational abductive approach. We first identify how radicalism not only attacks dominant ideas, actors, and institutions using a rhetoric of subversion, but also how it can use a rhetoric of reversion to urge intimate transformations in morals and behavior. Next, we find evidence that radicals’ networks of support affect the rhetorical mixture they espouse, due to social ties drawing radicals into encounters with backers’ social domains. Our study advances a relational understanding of radical discourse, while also showing how a combination of computational and abductive methods can help theorize and analyze discourses of contention.

The Linguistic Landscape of Kampung Bahari Presenting the Coastal Community Development of Tambak Lorok Semarang

Kampung Bahari Tambak Lorok Semarang being prepared for a new potential tourism destination is changing not only in its infrastructure but also its social behavior. The changing infrastructure changes social structure, social belief, and social identity. The changes may be integrated in many aspects like environment, literacy, education, and economy. This paper aims at discovering the linguistic landscape which promotes the coastal community development of Kampung Bahari to create Kampung Bahari to be a nicer place to live and to visit. It seems that waste is an important problem in Tambak Lorok in order that this can make Kampung Bahari clean and be visited by many domestic or foreign tourists. The public signs indicating the facilities including waste management of the coastal community at Kampung Bahari were captured and analyzed using abductive inferential method. The result shows that the linguistic landscape of the development of Kampung Bahari indicates that Kampung Bahari has infrastructure which shows social awareness on environment, provides the community needs in economy, health, and literacy. The needs can be identified through the public names like Taman Baca Seroja indicating literacy activities, Koperasi Simpan Pinjam for banking system, Masjid Sholaha for spiritual needs. Komunitas Camar Peduli Lingkungan indicates environmental awareness and care. This study gives contribution to linguistic landscape study in terms of the contribution of linguistic study to regional development issues.

ЯК ЦІЛЕ ВИЗНАЧАЄ ЗВ’ЯЗОК ОНТОЛОГІЇ ТА ГНОСЕОЛОГІЇ

Introduction . In modern scientific literature, ontology and gnoseology are defined as sections of philosophy where the basic categories of being and cognition are explored. And the connection between them is undoubted. If gnoseology is inseparable from ontology, the connection between them is absolute; if ontology not independent branch of philosophy, the connection between ontology and gnoseology not have any scientific status. Purpose . The purpose of the the article is, at first, more meticulous consideration of the inseparability/separability of ontology and gnoseology. Secondly, the disclosure of the content of the concept connection of ontology and gnoseology, if it exists. Methods. In this study was applied abduction method. Abduction allows one to see hitherto hidden connections between various phenomena; it reveals – makes visible – a set of existing relationships. Results . The article explores the actual position, that all philosophical questions and answers in any way still rely on ontology, return to ontology, revolve around ontology, etc. At the same time, it turned out that the tendency of philosophy to universality is a fact even in spite of the main attempts to deontologize the world (neo-positivism, analytical philosophy, post-structuralism). And the pursuit of philosophy towards universality leads to the whole as a common property of reality and the whole as general. Particularly important here is the idea of M. Heidegger that the study of man leads to ontology, and the comprehension of being speaks of the existence of man. And then the connection between ontology and gnoseology is already unconditional. In order to identify the specific meaning of the concept of connection, we have taken into account contemporary constructive realism as a non-classical methodology of modern cognition. Originality. The first time proved that ass ontology is determined by time, so the connection between ontology and gnoseology establishes the whole. The whole, which exists as a universal property and fundamental characteristic of the real world, and gnoseologically must have the status of a category with its system of interrelated concepts. Also for the first time, is argued the hypothesis is that all attempts to deontologize the world and gnoseologize ontology are completely futile. Conclusion . In denying the connection ontology and gnoseology man disappears both as an active subject of cognition, and the creator of his own reality, and the beginning of the imperative of history. The objective whole and the category of the whole determine the connection between ontology and gnoseology. G noseology is inseparable from ontology, and ontology from gnoseology. The connection between them is absolutely necessary.

Boundary Spanners in the Orchestration of Resources: Global–local Complementarities in Action

This research focuses on managerial roles and practices in the local–global deployment of the orchestration of resources. We aim at understanding how local and global managers contribute to ‘sensing', ‘seizing' and ‘reconfiguring' in a transnational firm. We offer an exploratory, explanatory and theory‐building case study and an abductive method grounded in the microfoundations of managerial activities. The field research develops inside THALES business units. We obtain two main conclusions that are consistent with our abductive method: we characterize how the boundary‐spanning function serves the orchestration of resources and highlight the importance of team and network boundary‐spanning modalities. We identify the complementarities between local and global boundary spanners, and we show that rules create the framework suited to empowering the dynamics of team or network boundary spanning at the local and global levels.

INTEGRAL EDUCATION OF THE RELIGIOUS BASE TO STRAIGHTEN THE MINDS OF THE STATE OF INDONESIA

Secularism mainstream in the education field is now causing value-less knowledge. It can be seen in the ways Indonesian separate knowledge into science and religion in the education. Science and religion are separately understood, and they have lost their connection in ontology, epistemology, and axiology point of views. Therefore, people are in the “lost state”, religion is mistakenly understood. This study is aimed at finding the reasons why religion is misunderstood, the effects of the misunderstanding, and the concepts of religion-based integral education as the effort to solve the misunderstanding. Then, this study is focused on the epistemology of science, therefore the object of the study is human thought. Conceptual, philosophy, and religion approaches is used in the study. The data in this study are sociologist and normative sources. Meanwhile, the data analysis is abduction method. The result of the study shows that science tends to be positive in understanding something which is real and logical, things which are not logical are not considered as science. The secularism concept of science has gone wrong because science can be only understood to manage human life and despise the beyond. Lack of science understanding affects serious and harmful effects. Science may lose its purpose in helping human, the highest and the most capable God’s creature. Integrating science based on religion may affect peacefulness in the world and beyond. The imperfection in science is temporary, it can be fixed by knowledge which is absolute.

The Personal Is Political Yet Again: Bringing Struggles between Gender Equality and Gendered Next of Kin onto the Feminist Agenda

In spite of feminist criticism of the welfare state, Norwegian society is frequently perceived as gender-equal. As a truism of public discourse, gender equality affirms a neoliberal understanding of individuals as able to act independently and to freely choose their course in life. This article disrupts that truism with an analysis of a transitional process that occurred to a seemingly free and gender-equal married woman whose everyday life took an unexpected turn at the age of 50 when her husband was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. Using an abductive method, we construct a narrative with this woman as the main character. We then use the narrative as an optical device for scrutinizing encounters between the notions “free and gender-equal woman” and “gendered next of kin”, analysing the situated becoming of gender and understanding the encounters’ potential for agency and resistance. The inquiry brings a pattern of gendered encounters into being, demonstrating how a seemingly free and gender-equal woman’s strength and independence become subordinating weaknesses in encounters with the welfare state. This paradox raises questions about the politics of everyday life in a presumably gender-equal society, brings new struggles onto the feminist agenda, and demands that the personal becomes political yet again.

Big Hitters: Important Factors Characterizing Team Effectiveness in Professional Cricket.

While organizational psychology attests to the multidimensional nature of team effectiveness, insight regarding the most important factors contributing to the effectiveness of sports teams, especially elite teams, is lacking. An abductive method of qualitative enquiry was adopted to capture participants' construal of team effectiveness, drawing on the extant literature in both sport and organizational psychology. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 players, coaches, and psychologists involved in elite cricket, with resultant data analyzed inductively initially, before being reanalyzed deductively. Although, the narratives endorsed the value of many of the deductively derived factors, other constructs more prominent in organizational psychology (e.g., trust and intra-group conflict) appeared to be more important than traditional sport psychology group factors. The results revealed six broad themes; culture and environment, values, communication, understanding, leadership, and unique individuals, with some gender differences apparent throughout. Based on our elite sample's construal of team effectiveness, we propose a new model representing a practical, parsimonious, and novel conceptualization of the most important attributes of team effectiveness in cricket, with conceivable transferability to other team sports.

O badaniach biograficznych krytycznie

W naukach społecznych i humanistycznych widzimy różnorodność podejść do badań biograficznych. Powstaje więc pytanie, które z tych podejść są właściwe, a które nie? Które warto stosować i dlaczego? Artykuł ten podejmuje zagadnienie badań biograficznych z punktu widzenia krytycznego, szczególnie w czasie, kiedy różnorodność podejść, koncepcji i perspektyw może sprawiać trudności nowicjuszom w stosowaniu tej metody. Wieloletnie posługiwanie się metodą biograficzną pozwala mi spojrzeć na własną działalność badawczą krytycznie i zastanawiać się, jak stosowanie metody abdukcyjnej do generowania teorii dotyczącej konstruowania i rekonstruowania tożsamości nietradycyjnych studentów w szkolnictwie wyższym w Szwecji jest możliwe i jakie są tego konsekwencje. Artykuł ten stara się pokazać początki metody biograficznej, usytuować ją w kontekście nauk społecznych, zastanowić się nad różnymi podejściami, pułapkami oraz zaletami i wadami tej metody. Równocześnie przedstawia problemy w stosowaniu metody wywiadu biograficznego, doboru próby, zagadnień etycznych oraz analizy danych, jak i konceptualizacji danych oraz tworzenia typologii na przykładzie własnych badań.