Abduction Cases Research Articles

Target Selection and Crime Characteristics: A Comparison of Sexually Motivated Abduction Cases to Nonsexual Abduction Cases and Nonabduction Sexual Cases

Target Selection and Crime Characteristics: A Comparison of Sexually Motivated Abduction Cases to Nonsexual Abduction Cases and Nonabduction Sexual Cases

Chilean Early Childhood Teachers’ Discourses on Professional Associations Building Professionalism: Cohesions and Tensions of an Ecosystem

This article aims to explain how ECE teachers’ discourses of participation in Chilean professional associations (ECEPAs) are a core trait and builds professionalism in the field. Following the Constructivist-Grounded Theory approach, it adopted a holistic abductive case study method, with a sample of 18 national ECEPA cases and 78 ECE teachers. Data collection drew on 18 individual in-depth interviews and nine discussion groups analyzed in a four-stage Constant Comparison coding process. Findings show ECE teachers relate participation in diverse ECEPAs with building professionalism around four intertwined discourses: transformational politics; pedagogical empowerment; decent working conditions, and historical and renewed struggles. We discuss how these discourses ensemble an emergent ECEPA ecosystem. The significance of this theorization is in making visible how ECE teachers’ multifaceted participation reorganizes in the fragmented neoliberal context, making possible dialog, debate, and partnerships. This participation in ECEPAs blurs the traditional understandings of professionalism, opening to new notions based on more democratic, ground-up, and postmodern professionalism.

Sustainable innovations for humanitarian operations in refugee camps

PurposeAlthough the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) emphasize the importance of leaving no one behind, the opposite is happening for the world's 89 million forcibly displaced people who are mostly left out of SDGs’ reporting and progress. A key reason for this poor outcome is that host country governments plan refugee camps as short-term shelters, but refugees stay in these camps for more than a decade on average due to ongoing conflicts in their home country. This disparity between intent and reality prevents sustainable living conditions for refugee populations. Operational innovations are needed to find sustainable solutions that ensure a higher quality of life and progress toward sustainability in refugee camps.Design/methodology/approachThrough an abductive case study, the authors develop a theoretical framework on sustainable operational innovations for refugee camps. The authors use this framework to analyze four sustainable operational innovations implemented in three refugee camps in Jordan.FindingsThe authors develop three research propositions that describe the conditions required for these operational innovations to succeed: they need to include specific needs and cultural preferences of refugees, they must accommodate host governments' restrictions that limit permanent settlement, and finally, technological innovations require careful data management policies to protect refugees. Doing this, the authors account for the broader political-economic and ecological environments that refugee camps are embedded in.Originality/valueThis paper opens a new area of research on sustainable innovation in humanitarian operations. It provides insights into key contingency factors moderating the link between operational innovations and sustainability outcomes. It represents one of the few studies that build their theorizing upon field data collected in refugee camps.

Cultural and Sexual Violence on Women: Reading Sidhwa’s Cracking India

The traumatic history of the partition violence of 1947-48 reveals the causes and consequences of religious conflict among Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims. People biased the social and socio-cultural activities of another religious group and practiced taking revenge against each-other’s religion that finally proved as a cause to divide the nation. The power exercise took side of the gender politics that victimized the women. Pain and suffering of women is emanating from the cases of abduction, seduction, rape and conversion of women of different ages including widows and teenagers from the sides of Hindu-Sikh on the one hand and Muslims on the other hand. Lack of cultural consciousness and the sexual violence, for instance, parading, mutilating, disfiguring, tattooing or branding and amputating the breasts knifing open the womb, raping and killing, of course, are shocking not only for its savagery, but for what it tells us about women as objects in the male constructed society as it is done from whatever the cultural community that belongs to. The violence suffered the people of each-other community but targeted the women more from both the communities as Sikhs seem much closer to the Hindu than the Muslims. A gender based revision of the history of partition of India foregrounds female victimhood and critiques the recovery and rehabilitation operation. Thus this study centers on feminist study with the theoretical support of Aparna Basu, Ritu Menon, Kamla Bhasin, and Urbashi Butalia.

The outcomes of B2B data-driven customer focused value creation

PurposeDespite data being a hot topic, little is known about how data can be successfully used in interactions in business-to-business relationships, specifically in the boundary spanning contexts of firms working together to use data and create value. Hence, this study aims to investigate the boundary spanning context of data-driven customer value projects to understand the outcomes of such activities, including the types of value created, how resulting value is shared between the interacting firms, the types of capabilities required for firms to deliver value from data and in what contexts different outcomes are created and different capabilities required.Design/methodology/approachThree abductive case studies were undertaken with firms from different business-to-business domains. Data were coded in NVivo and interpreted using template analysis and cross-case comparison. Findings were sense checked with the case study companies and other practitioners for accuracy, relevance and resonance.FindingsThe findings expand our understanding of firm interactions when extracting value from data, and this study presents 15 outcomes of value created by the firms in the study. This study illustrates the complexity and intertwined nature of the process of value creation, which emphasises the need to understand distinct types of outcomes of value creation and how they benefit the firms involved. This study goes beyond this by categorising these outcomes as unilateral (one actor benefits), developmental (one actor benefits from the other) or bilateral (both actors benefit).Research limitations/implicationsThis research is exploratory in nature. This study provides a basis for further exploration of how firm interactions surrounding the implementation of data-driven customer value projects can benefit the firms involved and offers some transferable knowledge which is of particular relevance to practitioners.Practical implicationsThis research contributes to the understanding of data-driven customer-focused projects and offers some practical management tools. The identification of outcomes helps define project goals and helps connect these goals to strategy. The organisation of outcomes into themes and contexts helps managers allocate appropriate human resources to oversee projects, mitigating the impacts of a current lack of talent in this area. Additionally, using the findings of this research, firms can develop specific capabilities to exploit the project outcomes and the opportunities such projects provide. The findings can also be used to enhance relationships between firms and their customers, providing customer value.Originality/valueThis work builds on research that explores the creation of value from data and how value is created in boundary spanning contexts. This study expands existing work by providing greater insight into the mechanics and outcomes of value creation and by providing specific examples of value created. This study also offers some recommendations of capability requirements for firms undertaking such work.

Emerging Roles of Sociology of Language and Culture as Panacea to Incessant Conflict in Zamfara State, Nigeria

The situation of crises in Zamfara state, North-west Nigeria has recently reached quite unprecedented heights so much so that hardly a day passes without horrible pictures and heartbroken details of excessive destruction and senseless killings on the television screen, radio broadcasting, newspapers, and magazine. Security in Zamfara state has become a major problem in recent times. Cases of abduction, kidnapping, terrorism, senseless killings, maiming, nihilism, burgeoning restlessness, banditry, and other others, have been undoubtedly rampant. Therefore, Zamfara citizens, despite the state apparatus to ensure the safety and protection of lives and property, are incessantly living in perpetual fear and worry. It is against this backdrop that the study tends to proffers other means of trying to resolve the scenario of crises and banditry through the sociology of language and culture as a panacea to incessant crises and banditry in Zamfara state, Nigeria. The objective of the study is, among other things, reasonably available data to identify how language and culture would lead to the achievement of peacebuilding across the state. The researcher employed the use of questionnaires, oral interviews, and formal interactions to elicit information from the inhabitants of the study areas where there are records of banditry and conflicts activities are extensive. The work employed the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis which holds that our thoughts are shaped by our native language and that speakers of different languages, therefore, think differently as its theoretical Framework. The study discovered among other things that the application of language and culture are stronger weapons than the arms and ammunition which are being employed by the federal government of Nigeria in attempting to resolve many crises in Zamfara state.

Consideration of Ameliorative Measures in International Child Abduction Cases Post-Golan

Consideration of Ameliorative Measures in International Child Abduction Cases Post-Golan

‘If We Don’t Win the War’: MNE Political Behavior and Bargaining Outcomes During Political Conflict

This paper explores two questions: how do MNEs engage opposing political actors when they enter host country political conflicts? What factors underscore which political behaviors prove to yield more favorable outcomes for the firm? Through an abductive case study of mining MNEs during the Congo Wars, I explore how institutional changes during host country political conflicts introduce new dynamic considerations into the kinds of political behaviors MNEs adopt during entry into these environments. I develop two dimensions of MNE political behavior – a passive-active one and a neutral-partisan one – that I integrate into the bargaining power model; specifically, I find that MNEs exhibiting more partisan political behaviors benefit from the enhanced bargaining power, while more neutral behaviors tended to meet unfavorable outcomes.

“Unable to Defend Him”: Conflicting Views of Female Violence in Swedish Medieval Law

“Unable to Defend Him”: Conflicting Views of Female Violence in Swedish Medieval Law

Daily Life Impact of Brachial Plexus Reconstruction in Adults: 10 Years Follow-Up

Reconstructive surgery of brachial plexus injury in adults remains a challenge. Short- and midterm follow-up results have been described in terms of impairments, such as muscle strength grading. However, psychologic management has been shown to be a major contributor in long-term results. A new, specific brachial plexus injury scale, including functional and psychologic components, was described. Objectives of this study were: (1) to assess functional long-term brachial plexus reconstruction outcomes; and (2) to validate the Mancuso scale at 10 years of follow-up. Twenty patients with at least 10 years of follow-up were included in the study. Four patients had C5-C6 palsy and 16 had a C5-T1 injury. Shoulder abduction and elbow flexion were assessed with Medical Research Council grades. Shoulder function was evaluated with a Constant score. The 36-item short-form survey (SF36) was used to assess quality of life, and the quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) was used for patient reports of disability. The Mancuso scale was assessed and correlated to the different scores used. At the last follow-up, the Medical Research Council grade was at least grade 3 in 10 cases (50%) of shoulder abduction and in 12 cases (60%) of elbow flexion. The Constant score was 31.4 (SD, 15.1). The SF36 score was 67.5 (SD, 4.25) and the QuickDASH was 50 (SD, 15.9). We found a correlation between the symptom score (Mancuso score) and the different quality-of-life scores (QuickDASH: coefficient, 0.491; SF36: coefficient,-0.565; limitations score: coefficient, 0.445). This study reported results from the Mancuso scale at a minimum of 10 years of follow-up of reconstructive surgery for brachial plexus injury in adults. Correlations between this composite scale and the SF36 and QuickDASH scores suggest construct validity. Therapeutic IV.

Introduction and Analysis of Guide to Good Practice Part Ⅳ on Article 13(1)(b) under the Convention of 25 October 1980 on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction(2020)

In order to ensure the prompt return of a wrongful removal or retention, International Child Abduction Cases, Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction(here in after, ｢Hague Convention｣) is adopted in 1980 by the Hague conference on Private International Law. In principle, the object of the Hague Convention is to secure the prompt return of Children wrongfuly removed or retained in any contracting State. Therefore the exceptions to return (including Article 13(1)(b)) of the Hague Convention must be interpreted restrctively. By the way, in the beginning of adopting the Conveniton, The type of International child abduction on which this Convention’s legislator is premised, is changed. A Classic type of Internatioal Child Abduction is conducted by one of the parents, father, taking from the primary caretaker(mother). But, the recent type of that is conducted by primary caretaker for escaping the Domestic Violence by father. This change of situation has on influence on the judgement of Court of contracting State and the analysis of “Grave Risks”, exceptions to return provied for under Article 13(1)(b) of Hague Convention. In this situation, the Hague Conference on Private International Law, in order to prevent a serious situation in which confusion in the application of this Convention in certain cases continues to be neglected, in 2020, Guide to Good Practice of Article 13(1)(b) are being made to rectify contradictions in the contracting countries’ practice. Guide to Good Practice of Article 13(1)(b) has the following main contents. First, it is confirmed that the principle of prompt return under the Convention and the restricted interpretation of the exception of return should still be maintained. Second, in special cases such as domestic violence, the importance of an empirical approach based on the dynamics of domestic violence is emphasized. Third, Guide to Good Practice of Article 13(1)(b) recommend and emphasize the return order conditional on protective measures by the courts. Fourth, Guide to Good Practice of Article 13(1)(b) provide guidelines for the roles of judges for effective case management. In this paper, it is needed to study or analyze the cause of the judgement and process of the decision of contracting State and contents of Guide to Good Practice of Article 13(1)(b) for providing a appropriate standards to our Court which will deal with the Hague Abduction cases.

Penerapan Sanksi Pidana Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Penculikan Anak Menurut Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak (Studi Putusan Negeri Kupang Nomor178/Pid.Sus/2018/Pn.Kpg)

Kidnapping is an act committed by someone without the right for the purpose of enabling such person under the powers of the kidnappers. An abductor targets child as a victim. Based on the online news website liputan6.com, Chairman of the National Commission for Child Protection Arist Merdeka Sirait said the Child Abduction case continues to increase years from years. The issues regarding the case to be examined in the present study are: The regulation regarding criminal liability of offenders of child abduction and The criminal sanction and condemnation towards the offenders of child abduction. From the results of an exploration conducted with the normative research method in this study it was found that the criminal liability of the offenders of child abduction is regulated in Article 76F Indonesian Law No. 35 of 2014 concerning the Amendment towards the Law No. 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection. The kidnapping of a child may be held to criminal liability if the offender has committed an act fulfilling the elements of delinquency. Regarding criminal sanctions and condemnation against child abductors who are proven guilty of legally and convincingly in the eyes of the law of committing the crime of kidnapping of a child can be sentenced in the form of imprisonment and a fine penalty. Criminalization of child abductors depends on the role of the judge who examines and prosecutes the case. Judges are given the freedom to set the type of criminal, criminal conduct, or the high and low criminal.

Stakeholder Relations Perspectives in Managing Nigeria’s Rising Crimes

In today’s Nigerian society, crime represents a critical stakeholder. The unprecedented rise in crimes, such as, armed robbery, cultism, kidnapping, terrorism, banditry and cattle rustling has constrained the Nigerian government to introduce several crime fighting approaches. Despite government efforts, especially through State security forces, crimes have assumed a worsening dimension with increasing cases of attacks and abduction of villagers, worshippers, travellers and other settlers around Nigeria. Schools around the country are not spared, as both students and staff of different levels of educational institutions are kidnapped for ransom and sometimes killed by bandits and terrorists. Many Nigerian farmers have also been forced to abandon their farms due to incessant attacks. Not only are lives and property threatened, the Nigerian economy is also distressed by the impacts of insecurity on agriculture and the attendant hike in the prices of essential food commodities. Following the seeming inability of regular government crime fighting approaches to substantially deal with Nigeria’s rising insecurity, this paper examined the application of stakeholder relations perspectives to approach the country’s worsening insecurity. The qualitative paper combined Stakeholder and Relational Dialectics as theoretical cornerstone. It examined the impacts of some crime-yielding challenges, such as, illiteracy, unemployment, poverty, economic inequality and pseudo-social participation on the meteoric rise in crime in Nigeria. The paper recommended the application of dialogue in managing the rising militia activities and crimes. It was also recommended that beyond equipping State security formations, Nigerian government should direct attention to the conditions that breed crimes in the country.

Международный опыт разработки программ обучения детей действиям в ситуации общения с незнакомым взрослым

<p>Child safety is a priority for Russian child welfare state policy. Cases of child abduction by strangers for sexual abuse and exploitation are not so frequent, however they have grave and tragic consequences. In the Russian education system, there is a shortfall of domestic practices that prevent such cases by teaching children to recognize dangerous situations, refuse to communicate or ask for help. The article presents a thematic review of international practices aimed at preventing crimes against children and child abuse, which have proven their effectiveness not only by many years of experience, but also by scientific research. These practices particularly concentrate on teaching children skills of safe communication with an adult stranger. The methodology and psychological and pedagogical techniques of the practices are considered in the light of the evidence-based approach.</p>

Introduction: Measurement at the Crossroads

Introduction: Measurement at the Crossroads

Izvršenje presuda Europskog suda za ljudska prava u građanskopravnim međunarodnim otmicama djece u Republici Hrvatskoj – nova otvorena pitanja

The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) established a violation of the (European) Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) in several cases of international parental child abduction before Croatian courts. The length and the manner in which the proceedings concerning the return of the child were conducted constituted grounds for establishment of a violation of the right to a fair trial and the right to respect for private and family life. The execution of these judgments is still pending before the Committee of Ministers, despite the fact that the measures ordered resulted with a modified Croatian legal regime introduced through the Act on the Application of the Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. The Act includes a number of procedural improvements which align the practice of Croatian courts with international and European standards. However, the judgment of the ECtHR in Adžić v Croatia (no. 2) reveals that there is still no unambiguous answer to the question whether extraordinary appellate proceedings should be permitted in child abduction cases. Hence, the authors critically analyse the possibility of initiating an extraordinary appellate proceedings in these cases from a civil procedure and private international law aspect. The conclusion takes into account the specific circumstances of the case at hand as well as the case law of the ECtHR in relevant cases concerning other contracting states.

Penalizing ‘runaway’ migrant wives: commercial cross-border marriages and home space as confinement

ABSTRACT This study examines the use of the term ‘gachul (absconding from home)’ in courts and immigration policies to punish the behavior of marriage migrant women who enter South Korea after marriage and then leave their husbands. The study focuses on penalized mobility outside migrants’ marital homes, which is interpreted as deviance from the expected family role. By conceptualizing home as a confinable space, the paper discusses migrant women’s exclusion from citizenship based on their contribution to the family. The paper draws from cases heard in criminal courts and laws and policies, paying attention to the conflation of criminal, immigration, and family laws and the effect on marriage and family. Notably, it highlights cases of uxoricide, marital rape, and international child abduction. The cases reveal that judicial and executive bodies penalize marriage migrants’ departure from home, regardless of the justification for their actions.

Psychiatric and legal considerations in cases of Fetal Abduction by Maternal Evisceration.

Fifteen cases of Fetal Abduction by Maternal Evisceration (FAMAE) reported to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children during 1987-2011 outline the findings from a review of the forensic psychiatric considerations and legal course of each of the cases. Most offenders confessed to law enforcement within a short time of being placed under arrest in statements reflecting a continued effort to manage impressions and minimize culpability. Psychiatric assessment is invariably central to the legal disposition of FAMAE cases, as the defendant's goal is to diminish the perception of culpability/criminal responsibility and mitigate sentencing. Of those sentenced in the United States, nine defendants received life without parole, two received the death penalty (one executed), and one received a minimum of 30years. Two abductors committed suicide and were not sentenced. Proffered diagnoses at trial included psychogenic amnesia, pseudocyesis, dissociative disorder, and delusional disorder; however, these rarely stood up to court scrutiny. Psychiatric experts showed the greatest variance in diagnosis over what to call the feigned pregnancy. In addition to delusional disorder and dissociative disorder, pseudocyesis, factitious disorder/pregnancy, pseudopregnancy, schizophrenia, and PTSD were among the various diagnoses proposed. A differential diagnosis for many FAMAE offenders may also include borderline personality disorder. Future research accounting for those women claiming false pregnancy who do not become homicidal will clarify whether FAMAE is the extreme endpoint of a fertility identity disorder.

Place – The final frontier: Exploring the outer reaches of collaborative agency using the Japanese concept of Ba

Scholars within the field of Leadership-as-Practice (LAP) address the way that individuals ‘transcend their own immediate embeddedness’ to achieve volitional coherence known as collaborative agency. The process of collaborative agency is described as inseparable from LAP, yet it remains a nascent field of enquiry requiring additional empirical research. This article presents an investigation of collaborative agency through an abductive case study using video ethnography and interviews. To interpret our results, we turn to the Japanese ideogram for ‘place’, known as ‘Ba’. Rather than a physical reality, Ba is considered an existential space in which leadership groups weave together to create and ripen collaborative agency. Ba guides us to look across and around a group and its socio-material practice. We find that collaborative agency is trans-subjective in nature and sits on a spectrum on which we identify the outer reaches, from one end where Ba is woven through to the other end, called Collapse. We suggest that the place of leadership is within the warp and weft of collaborative agency, including but not limited to a special place woven in Ba where collaborative agency is high and where the group reports they are able to transcend their individualism.

IMU-Based Effects Assessment of the Use of Foot Orthoses in the Stance Phase during Running and Asymmetry between Extremities.

The objectives of this study were to determine the amplitude of movement differences and asymmetries between feet during the stance phase and to evaluate the effects of foot orthoses (FOs) on foot kinematics in the stance phase during running. In total, 40 males were recruited (age: 43.0 ± 13.8 years, weight: 72.0 ± 5.5 kg, height: 175.5 ± 7.0 cm). Participants ran on a running treadmill at 2.5 m/s using their own footwear, with and without the FOs. Two inertial sensors fixed on the instep of each of the participant’s footwear were used. Amplitude of movement along each axis, contact time and number of steps were considered in the analysis. The results indicate that the movement in the sagittal plane is symmetric, but that it is not in the frontal and transverse planes. The right foot displayed more degrees of movement amplitude than the left foot although these differences are only significant in the abduction case. When FOs are used, a decrease in amplitude of movement in the three axes is observed, except for the dorsi-plantar flexion in the left foot and both feet combined. The contact time and the total step time show a significant increase when FOs are used, but the number of steps is not altered, suggesting that FOs do not interfere in running technique. The reduction in the amplitude of movement would indicate that FOs could be used as a preventive tool. The FOs do not influence the asymmetry of the amplitude of movement observed between feet, and this risk factor is maintained. IMU devices are useful tools to detect risk factors related to running injuries. With its use, even more personalized FOs could be manufactured.