ABC Model Research Articles

Gender and Green IT practice- Implications from the ABC model of Attitude

Gender and Green IT practice- Implications from the ABC model of Attitude

Dynamic defect as nonradiative recombination center in semiconductors

We present a theory of nonradiative recombination (NRR) with an emphasis on the so far little-explored dynamic effect in the process. We show that it can significantly enhance the NRR rate over that of a static midgap level as suggested by the Shockley-Read-Hall theory, whereby offering an alternative explanation to the long-lasting discrepancy between theory and experiment for semiconductors. As an illustration, we show that dynamic NRR can take place at the $DX$ center in Si-doped GaAs which, combined with a modified ABC model at high carrier-density limit, makes it possible to verify the theory directly by experiment.

Predicting Youngster’s Attitude towards Online Food Delivery

Attitude has been a very significant topic in the area of consumer research owing to the role it plays in the consumer decision making process. Literatures have identified various models that can measure attitude; for this research ABC model of attitude was used. The purpose of this study was to measure the attitude of respondents for OFD and their by analyzing the impact of each component of ABC model on Attitude creation. The data was collected from 368 youngsters using a structured questionnaire. Using SPSS 21, computer software the type of attitude was measured and for achieving second objective AMOS 21.0 software was used. Once the model fit was achieved using AMOS 21.0 the structured equation modeling was performed. The investigation revealed that youngsters have moderately positive attitude towards Online Food Delivery (OFD) and it was the affective component of attitude that had the highest influence on attitude creation. Keywords : Affective, Attitude, Behavioral, Cognitive, SEM * Navrachana University, Vasna - Bhayli Main Rd, Bhayli, Vadodara, Gujarat 391410, India ** Marwadi University, Rajkot-Morbi Highway, Road, Gauridad, Rajkot, Gujarat 360003, India https://doi.org/10.21632/irjbs.12.3.289-299

A comparative study of heat transfer analysis of MHD Maxwell fluid in view of local and nonlocal differential operators

Abstract In this paper, a comparative analysis is carried out to study the unsteady flow of a MHD Maxwell fluid in the presence of Newtonian heating near a vertical plate. Maxwell fluid is modeled for integer order derivative, Caputo (C), Caputo-Fabrizio (CF) and Atangana-Baleanu (ABC) fractional-time derivatives. The Laplace transform, inversion algorithm and the convolution theorem are used in this paper to derive solutions to predict the behavior of temperature and velocity. To see the effectiveness of the differential operator, especially the effect of each fractional order, graphical study is carried out in order to show effect of magnetic effect (M) and Maxwell fluid parameter (λ) on temperature and velocity profiles for C, CF and ABC. A comparison is made for C, CF and ABC models for temperature and velocity in tabular form.

The water lily genome and the early evolution of flowering plants

Water lilies belong to the angiosperm order Nymphaeales. Amborellales, Nymphaeales and Austrobaileyales together form the so-called ANA-grade of angiosperms, which are extant representatives of lineages that diverged the earliest from the lineage leading to the extant mesangiosperms1–3. Here we report the 409-megabase genome sequence of the blue-petal water lily (Nymphaea colorata). Our phylogenomic analyses support Amborellales and Nymphaeales as successive sister lineages to all other extant angiosperms. The N. colorata genome and 19 other water lily transcriptomes reveal a Nymphaealean whole-genome duplication event, which is shared by Nymphaeaceae and possibly Cabombaceae. Among the genes retained from this whole-genome duplication are homologues of genes that regulate flowering transition and flower development. The broad expression of homologues of floral ABCE genes in N. colorata might support a similarly broadly active ancestral ABCE model of floral organ determination in early angiosperms. Water lilies have evolved attractive floral scents and colours, which are features shared with mesangiosperms, and we identified their putative biosynthetic genes in N. colorata. The chemical compounds and biosynthetic genes behind floral scents suggest that they have evolved in parallel to those in mesangiosperms. Because of its unique phylogenetic position, the N. colorata genome sheds light on the early evolution of angiosperms.

The ABCs of Math Attitudes: Reliability and Validity of the Three Factor Model

Although the Attitudes toward Mathematics Inventory (ATMI; four-factor model with 40 items) has been well-established as a viable tool to test the multidimentionality of math attitudes, studies have pointed out that the ATMI is lengthy, and analyses have typically been conducted on individual samples from either western or non-western cultural contexts. To address these concerns, the present study aimed to evaluate a shorter version of math attitude scales (three-factor model with 11 items) using data from three nationally representative samples (USA, Hong Kong, and Singapore). The primary goal of the current investigation was to establish reliabilty and validity of the factor structure of Affective-Behavioal-Cognitive math attitudes. Alpha coefficients (.74 - .91), factor loadings (.49 - .90), and inter-item correlation matrices supported strong reliability and clear convergent and discriminant validity of all three subscales of math attitudes. Findings were consistent with the well-documented theoretical model of ABC math attitudes (Eagly & Chaiken, 1998, 2007; Walker, 2018; Zan & Di Martino, 2007, 2014) as well as the classical tripartite model of attitudes from social pyschology (Breckler, 1984; Rosenberg & Hovland, 1960). Implications of the ABC model of math attitudes on math education, limitations of the present study, and future research are discussed.

Nectar as manipulator: how nectar traits influence changes in pollinator groups of Aechmea vanhoutteana, a bromeliad from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

AbstractNectar is an important floral resource in the establishment of plant-pollinator interactions. Recent studies have shown that nectariferous tissues are independent of the ABC model of floral development and that ecological interactions can modify their expression. In this sense, it would be interesting to study generalist species in relation to nectar production and nectary morpho-anatomy to verify the strategies used to attract different pollinator groups. We recorded nectar production dynamics in Aechmea vanhoutteana (Bromeliaceae) from a morpho-functional and ultrastructural perspective. We observed different species of hummingbirds, bees and butterflies visiting flowers of A.vanhoutteana, and their frequency varied throughout floral anthesis. The nectar volume and quantity of sugar also varied significantly during anthesis, and this spatial and temporal variability seems to be related to an increase in bee visits, representing an important aspect of the reproductive strategy of this species, since bees can fly longer distances than the observed hummingbirds (although both have territorial behaviours). Thus, it can be suggested that anatomical and physiological nectar traits may be related to pollen flow, an important aspect of the reproductive strategy of A. vanhoutteana, suggesting plant resource allocation for optimizing reproduction through nectar production.

Ectopic Expression of Litsea cubeba LcMADS20 Modifies Silique Architecture.

Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. (mountain pepper, Lauraceae) is an important woody essential oil crop that produces fragrant oils in its fruits, especially in its peels. Identification of genes involved in the regulation of fruits and peel architecture is of economic significance for L. cubeba industry. It has been well known that the MADS-box genes are essential transcription factors that control flowers and fruits development. Here, we obtained 33 MADS-box genes first from the RNA-seq data in L. cubeba, and 27 of these genes were of the MIKC-type. LcMADS20, an AGAMOUS-like gene, was highly expressed in the developing stages of fruits, particularly at 85 days after full bloom. The ectopic expression of LcMADS20 in Arabidopsis resulted in not only curved leaves, early flowering and early full-opened inflorescences, but also shorter siliques and decreased percentage of peel thickness. Moreover, in the LcMADS20 transgenic Arabidopsis, the expression modes of several intrinsic ABC model class genes were influenced, among which the expression of FUL was significantly reduced and AP3, AG, and STK were significantly increased. This study systematically analyzed the MADS-box genes in L. cubeba at the transcriptional level and showed that LcMADS20 plays important roles in the regulation of fruit architecture.

Residents' Attitudes towards the Residential Urban Forest in Metropolitan City: A Case Study from Bharatpur City in Nepal

Urban forests are critical element in ameliorating urban habitats and building sustainable cities. Local residents are the key players in maintaining greenery of the city as they collectively own majority of land in most cities. Therefore, they need to engage in planting and retaining trees on their properties in order to reach canopy cover in urban areas. The project surveyed 200 local residents in Bharatpur Metropolitan City to examine their attitude towards trees on their property on the basis of 'Affective', 'Behavioral' and 'Cognitive' ABC model of attitude. Results show that majority of the residents have positive attitude towards trees as they have high cognitive intention towards trees, and showed willingness to retain the existing trees and add more in future. However, very few are cognizant of the environmental values of trees. The most common positive effects of trees on their property are food, shade, and clean and fresh air. The most common negative effects are increase in bushes and weeds, wildlife hazards and risk of fall due to wind. Urban planners interested in influencing residents' decisions about urban trees need to work on public outreach. Residents need to be motivated and made aware of the long term and multifunctional benefits of trees for retaining the existing trees and planting more in their property. They should also, be made aware of the type of trees that are suitable for plantation on residential property in order to avoid the problems that can be created due to trees.

High Temperature and Power Dependent Photoluminescence Analysis on Commercial Lighting and Display LED Materials for Future Power Electronic Modules

Commercial light emitting diode (LED) materials - blue (i.e., InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) for display and lighting), green (i.e., InGaN/GaN MQWs for display), and red (i.e., Al0.05Ga0.45In0.5P/Al0.4Ga0.1In0.5P for display) are evaluated in range of temperature (77–800) K for future applications in high density power electronic modules. The spontaneous emission quantum efficiency (QE) of blue, green, and red LED materials with different wavelengths was calculated using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The spontaneous emission QE was obtained based on a known model so-called the ABC model. This model has been recently used extensively to calculate the internal quantum efficiency and its droop in the III-nitride LED. At 800 K, the spontaneous emission quantum efficiencies are around 40% for blue for lighting and blue for display LED materials, and it is about 44.5% for green for display LED materials. The spontaneous emission QE is approximately 30% for red for display LED material at 800 K. The advance reported in this paper evidences the possibility of improving high temperature optocouplers with an operating temperature of 500 K and above.

Evidence of trap-assisted Auger recombination in low radiative efficiency MBE-grown III-nitride LEDs

By studying low radiative efficiency blue III-nitride light emitting diodes (LEDs), we find that the ABC model of recombination commonly used for understanding efficiency behavior in LEDs is insufficient and that additional effects should be taken into account. We propose a modification to the standard recombination model by incorporating a bimolecular nonradiative term. The modified model is shown to be in much better agreement with the radiative efficiency data and to be more consistent than the conventional model with very short carrier lifetimes measured by time-resolved photoluminescence in similar, low radiative efficiency material. We present experimental evidence that a hot carrier-generating process is occurring within these devices, in the form of measurements of forward photocurrent under forward bias. The forward photocurrent, due to hot carrier generation in the active region, is present despite the lack of any “efficiency droop”—the usual signature of band-to-band Auger recombination in high-quality III-nitride LEDs. Hot carrier generation in the absence of band-to-band Auger recombination implies that some other source of hot carriers exists within these low radiative efficiency devices, such as trap-assisted Auger recombination.

High-Temperature Analysis of GaN-Based Blue-LEDs for Future Power Electronic Applications

Commercial gallium-nitride-based blue-light-emitting diodes (LEDs), primarily fabricated for lighting applications, are evaluated at high temperatures (up to 700 K) for possible integration as an optocoupler emitter in high-density power electronic modules. The temperature- and injection-current-dependent internal quantum efficiencies (IQEs) and current–voltage characteristics of the blue-LEDs are studied. The IQE is extracted from the measured integrated electroluminescence (EL) intensity at different temperatures using the ABC model. The presented method helps evaluate the optimized injection current density to achieve minimum deviation in LED IQE at a broader range of operating temperatures. As per the ABC model, the LED can operate at 700 K with an IQE of 58.50% when it operates at a current density of 2 A/cm2. The results show that for a temperature range of 77–700 K, the minimum deviation of IQE occurs when the injected current density is between 1 to 10 A/cm2. Normalized external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the device at different temperatures was also extracted using the ABC model.

P4152Implications of the ACC/AHA risk score for heart failure risk prediction and its comparison with existing heart failure risk prediction models: A prospective population-based cohort study

Abstract Background In 2013, the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) developed a score for assessment of cardiovascular risk. Due to between study variability in ascertainment and adjudication of heart failure (HF), incident HF was not included as an endpoint in the ACC/AHA risk score. Purpose To assess the performance of the ACC/AHA risk score for HF risk prediction in a large population-based cohort and to compare its performance with the existing HF risk prediction models including the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) model and the Health Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) model. Methods The study included 2743 men and 3646 women from a prospective population-based cohort study. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted using risk factors applied by the ACC/AHA model for cardiovascular risk, the ARIC model and the Health ABC model. Independent relationship of each predictor with 10-year HF incidence was estimated in men and women. Next, N-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) was added to the ACC/AHA model. The performance of all fitted models was evaluated and compared in terms of discrimination, calibration and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). In addition, area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of each model in predicting 10-year incident of HF was assessed. The incremental value of NT-pro-BNP to the ACC/AHA model, was assessed using the continuous net reclassification improvement index (NRI). Results During a median follow-up of 13 years (63127 person-years), 387 HF events in women and 259 in men were recorded. The Optimism-corrected c-statistic for ACC/AHA model was 0.76 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.73–0.79) for men and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.74–0.79) for women. The ARIC model provided the largest c-statistic for both men [0.82 (95% CI: 0.80–0.84)] and women [95% CI: 0.81 (0.79–0.83)] among the three models. Calibration of the models was reasonable. Addition of NT-pro-BNP to the ACC/AHA model considerably improved model fitness for men and for women. The AIC improved from 3104.62 to 2976.28 among men and from 5161.63 to 4921.51 among women. The c-statistic also improved to 0.81 (0.78–0.84) in men and 0.79 (0.77–0.81) in women. The continuous NRI for the addition of NT-pro-BNP to the base model was 5.3% (95% CI: −12.3–28.6%) for men and 15.9% (95% CI: 2.7–24.7%) for women. Conclusions Compared to HF-specific models, the ACC/AHA model, containing routine clinically available risk factors, had a reasonable performance in prediction of HF risk. Inclusion of NT-pro-BNP in the ACC/AHA model strongly increased the model performance. To achieve a better model performance for 10-year prediction of incident HF, updating the simple ACC/AHA risk score with the addition of NT-pro-BNP is recommended.

Analytical analysis of internal quantum efficiency with polarization fields in GaN-based light-emitting diodes

Abstract This paper presents the analytical model for the analysis of internal quantum efficiency as well as light output power of GaN-based light-emitting diodes by introducing the polarization factor, which accounts for the polarization fields in the active region, in the standard ABC model. With the increase of the polarization, effective volume decreases which causes strong localization of carriers at lower potentials causing the carrier density to increase. This effect leads to loss mechanisms such as carrier leakage and Auger loss. Our theoretical analysis for internal quantum efficiency and light output power shows good agreement with the experimental results for both the blue and green InGaN light-emitting diodes.

Key Factors of Effectiveness of Developing an Activity Based Cost Accounting and Analysis System at an Enterprise

The article researches the problems related to the improvement of the efficiency of developing a system of activity based cost accounting and analysis at an enterprise based on a number of important factors. The first factor involves the organization of the accurate accounting of the most significant costs. The ABC model on the basis of the key costs will simplify the development of the system of cost accounting and make it possible to quickly modify its configuration in line with changes in economic and production environment conditions. The next factor implies the strict separation between the methods of analysis and modeling applied within the framework of a process management system and a system of activity based cost accounting and analysis. It helps to eliminate the errors connected with using wrong data as an information base for accounting. The third factor is using the data generated by information systems of an enterprise to calculate costs. The authors identify the information necessary to organize the activity based costing and determine within which kind of the information systems (ERP-system, EAM-system, etc.) it is formed. The use of this information will allow the enterprise to automate the cost calculation procedure and eliminate the additional work of data collection. The results of the analysis of these factors are the recommendations formulated by the authors to improve the efficiency of creation of activity based cost accounting and analysis system at an enterprise.

Hierarchical graphical model reveals HFR1 bridging circadian rhythm and flower development in Arabidopsis thaliana

sTo study systems-level properties of the cell, it is necessary to go beyond individual regulators and target genes to study the regulatory network among transcription factors (TFs). However, it is difficult to directly dissect the TFs mediated genome-wide gene regulatory network (GRN) by experiment. Here, we proposed a hierarchical graphical model to estimate TF activity from mRNA expression by building TF complexes with protein cofactors and inferring TF’s downstream regulatory network simultaneously. Then we applied our model on flower development and circadian rhythm processes in Arabidopsis thaliana. The computational results show that the sequence specific bHLH family TF HFR1 recruits the chromatin regulator HAC1 to flower development master regulator TF AG and further activates AG’s expression by histone acetylation. Both independent data and experimental results supported this discovery. We also found a flower tissue specific H3K27ac ChIP-seq peak at AG gene body and a HFR1 motif in the center of this H3K27ac peak. Furthermore, we verified that HFR1 physically interacts with HAC1 by yeast two-hybrid experiment. This HFR1–HAC1–AG triplet relationship may imply that flower development and circadian rhythm are bridged by epigenetic regulation and enrich the classical ABC model in flower development. In addition, our TF activity network can serve as a general method to elucidate molecular mechanisms on other complex biological regulatory processes.

Toward Ultra-Low Efficiency Droop in C-Plane Polar InGaN Light-Emitting Diodes by Reducing Carrier Density with a Wide InGaN Last Quantum Well

We demonstrate an ultra-low efficiency droop in c-plane polar InGaN blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) by reducing the carrier density using a wide InGaN last quantum well (LQW). It is found that the LEDs with a 5.2 nm thick LQW show a negligible efficiency droop, with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) reducing from a peak value of 38.8% to 36.4% at 100 A/cm2 and the onset-droop current density is raised from 3 A/cm2 to 40 A/cm2 as the LQW thickness increases from 3.0 nm to 5.2 nm. The analysis based on the ABC model indicates that small efficiency droop is caused by the reduced carrier density using a wide LQW. The peak efficiency is reduced with a wide LQW, which is caused by the reduction of the electron-hole wavefunction overlap and the deterioration of the crystal quality of the InGaN layer. This study suggests that the application of the InGaN LEDs with a wide LQW can be a promising and simple remedy for achieving high efficiency at a high current density.

Transcriptome and flower genes analysis of Prunus campanulata Maxim

ABSTRACTPrunus campanulata Maxim. (syn. Cerasus campanulata or Prunus cerasoides var. campanulata) is a species of wild cherry native to Taiwan. Unlike most of the species in genus Cerasus, it is native to subtropical to tropical climate, and is often being planted as ornamental or roadside tree in city. Flower is the most attractive part of P. campanulata, but the genes participated in blossom in this specie are unknown. The transcriptome of P. campanulata inflorescence and leaves were sequenced by illumina technique. A total of 36,315 contigs were acquired, 22,531 of which were predicted as genes. For flower-related genes, 24 genes belong to MIKC group and one FT-like gene (PcFTL) belongs to PEBP gene family. Analysis of the PcFTL sequence suggests it as a flower activator. Expression of genes on the flower development pathway were also investigated, and the result showed genes belong to ABC model were highly expressed in inflorescence, thus indicates the P. campanulata transcriptome database is reliable. In this study an overview of P. campanulata inflorescence and leaves transcriptome was provided and the flower-related genes of P. campanulata were investigated. These findings improve our understanding of gene regulation of flowering in P. campanulata.Abbreviation: AGL - AGAMOUS LIKE; AP3: APETALA 3; BLAST - Basic Local Alignment Search Tool; CO - CONSTANTS; EMBL - European Molecular Biology Laboratory; EMF - Embryonic flower; FD - Flowering Locus D; FLC - FLOWERING LOCUS C; FPKM - fragments per kilobase of transcript per million; FRI - FRIGIDA; FT - Flowering Locus T; FTL - Flowering Locus T-like; gDNA - genomic DNA; GI - GIGANTEA; GO - gene ontology; LFY - LEAFY; MFT - MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1; NCBI - National Center for Biotechnology Information; NGS - next-generation sequencing; ORF - Open Reading Frame; PEBP - phosphatidylethanolaminebinding protein; PI - PISTILLATA; QTL - quantitative trait locus; SOC - SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSTION OF CONSTANS 1; SSEP - SEPALLATA; SVP - SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE; TAIR - The Arabidopsis Information Resource; TFL - TERMINAL FLOWER1-like

De novo sequencing of tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) transcriptome to identify critical genes involved in flowering and floral organ development

BackgroundTree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews) is a globally famous ornamental flower, with large and colorful flowers and abundant flower types. However, a relatively short and uniform flowering period hinders the applications and production of ornamental tree peony. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanism of regulating flowering time and floral organ development in tree peony has yet to be elucidated. Because of the absence of genomic information, 454-based transcriptome sequence technology for de novo transcriptomics was used to identify the critical flowering genes using re-blooming, non-re-blooming, and wild species of tree peonies.ResultsA total of 29,275 unigenes were obtained from the bud transcriptome, with an N50 of 776 bp. The average length of unigenes was 677.18 bp, and the longest sequence was 5815 bp. Functional annotation showed that 22,823, 17,321, 13,312, 20,041, and 9940 unigenes were annotated by NCBI-NR, Swiss-Prot, COG, GO, and KEGG, respectively. Within the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) 64 flowering-related genes were identified and some important flowering genes were also characterized by bioinformatics methods, reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and rapid-amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Then, the putative genetic network of flowering induction pathways and a floral organ development model were put forward, according to the comparisons of DEGs in any two samples and expression levels of the important flowering genes in differentiated buds, buds from different developmental stages, and with GA or vernalization treated. In tree peony, five pathways (long day, vernalization, autonomous, age, and gibberellin) regulated flowering, and the floral organ development followed an ABCE model. Moreover, it was also found that the genes PsAP1, PsCOL1, PsCRY1, PsCRY2, PsFT, PsLFY, PsLHY, PsGI, PsSOC1, and PsVIN3 probably regulated re-blooming of tree peony.ConclusionThis study provides a comprehensive report on the flowering-related genes in tree peony for the first time and investigated the expression levels of the critical flowering related genes in buds of different cultivars, developmental stages, differentiated primordium, and flower parts. These results could provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of flowering time regulation and floral organ development.

ABC-EBDI: An affective framework for BDI agents

The aim of this work is to improve the modelling of intelligent agents that reproduce realistic human behavior. BDI frameworks have been successfully used in this context and have evolved in recent years into EBDI frameworks, in which affective aspects are considered. In this work, an affective EBDI framework named ABC-EBDI is presented. The proposal integrates a well-known psychotherapeutic model, the ABC model, combined with other affective theories, to support the modeling of the agents’ behavioral and affective responses in a unifying and realistic manner. The distinguishing feature of the proposed framework is the classification of the agent’s cognitive-affective process as either rational or irrational. This process will lead to functional emotions and adaptive conduct in the first case and dysfunctional emotions and maladaptive behaviors in the second. The framework models affect by taking into account emotions, mood and personality. It also models human conduct regarding not only actions, but also the way those actions are expressed. A prototype has been implemented based on a bad news scenario and a first evaluation with users has been carried out with promising results.