Word Abbreviation Research Articles

Analisis Kesalahan Pada Spanduk Kantin Bina Insan Islamic School (Kajian Morfologi)

This research aims to determine language errors in the field of morphology in food banner media. This research is qualitative research with content analysis methods. The data used in this research are sentences containing linguistic errors at the morphological level on food banners in the Bina Insan Islamic School Canteen. The data source used is the food banner in the Bina Insan Islamic School Canteen. Data collection techniques use reading and note-taking techniques. The data analysis technique is using data reduction techniques, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Based on the data found and analyzed, it can be concluded that the writing on food banners often contains language errors at the morphological level related to word writing. This research examines five data related to errors in adding phonemes, subtracting phonemes, errors in standard and non-standard words, and word abbreviations.

Improving Question Answering over Knowledge Graphs with a Chunked Learning Network

The objective of knowledge graph question answering is to assist users in answering questions by utilizing the information stored within the graph. Users are not required to comprehend the underlying data structure. This is a difficult task because, on the one hand, correctly understanding the semantics of a problem is difficult for machines. On the other hand, the growing knowledge graph will inevitably lead to information retrieval errors. Specifically, the question-answering task has three difficulties: word abbreviation, object complement, and entity ambiguity. An object complement means that different entities share the same predicate, and entity ambiguity means that words have different meanings in different contexts. To solve these problems, we propose a novel method named the Chunked Learning Network. It uses different models according to different scenarios to obtain a vector representation of the topic entity and relation in the question. The answer entity representation that yields the closest fact triplet, according to a joint distance metric, is returned as the answer. For sentences with an object complement, we use dependency parsing to construct dependency relationships between words to obtain more accurate vector representations. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.

Abbreviation in Social Media Account Status on Instagram - @Dasadlatif1212: A Morphological Approach

This research discussed “Abbreviation Process in Social Media Status on Instagram @dasadlatif1212 (Review of Morphology Aspect)”. This research is motivated by the widespread modification of the Indonesian language in social media status, both from ordinary people, celebrities, and religious leaders who are active on social media. This research aimed to describe the abbreviation process in social media status on Instagram @dasadlatif1212. This research method used a qualitative descriptive method with a morphological approach. The data in this study were in the form of words or sentences containing abbreviations written in 2020, while the source of data in this study was the status written by the Instagram account @dasadlatif1212. The results show that there are four abbreviation processes in the status of the social media account Instagram @dasadlatif1212, namely the process of letter retention, syllable retention, letter retention, and syllables and word abbreviations that summarize the basic lexeme or lexeme combination.

Various Word Shorts in the Podcast of Political Figures Sandiaga Uno: Corpus-Based Analysis

This study aims to examine the use of abbreviation in the political figure Sandiaga Uno's podcast. This research will also bring up the use of corpus linguistics which is very effective in research in the field of linguistics, especially abbreviation or shortening of words. This type of research is a descriptive qualitative research. The advanced method which is the main approach of this research is the corpus linguistic method. Corpus linguistics can be interpreted as research that relies on linguistic data analysis using digital technology. The data in this study were collected using documentation techniques and utilizing the KORTARA (Korpus Nusantara) application which originates from the Wawancara Tokoh Indonesia corpus. Research data in this study will be analyzed using the KORTARA application. Analysis using the KORTARA application can be referred to as computational linguistics, because it utilizes corpus linguistics applications. The work steps of this computational linguistic analysis start from identifying data, classifying data, interpreting data, and drawing conclusions. The findings of this study reveal that the use of abbreviations in the video podcast of political figure Sandiaga Uno can be in the form of abbreviations, acronyms, and fragments. This research reveals that the most dominant type of abbreviation used in the podcast is fragment. The results of the data analysis also revealed that there were no types of abbreviations for letter symbols and contractions, this was based on the theme or discussion in the video which was not too focused on economic issues, but politics. The findings of abbreviation data in this study also reveal that the use of abbreviated or abbreviated language will continue to be used by political figures, in order to build better and more familiar communication with their interlocutors.

The paradigmatics of a compound abbreviation as a means of predicting equivalence relations

The author describes the methods of finding and predicting compound word correlates in its equivalence nest on the basis of paradigmatic relations between the abbreviation and its decoding stimuli. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that it established the principles of dictionary entries formation for the Exploratory Dictionary of Russian Word Abbreviations compiled by Exploratory Laboratory of Abbreviation Trends Research at the Russian Language Department of Donetsk National University. The paper gives general idea of the multiple motivation possibilities of abbreviated words in the modern language. The aim of the study is to generally represent the dictionary methods of finding and predicting the content of compound abbreviation equivalence nests. The author considered pure search models in existing dictionaries of abbreviations and texts, where abbreviations and their equivalents are presented as absolute synonyms, as well as extrapolation prediction methods by decoding matrices models of word equivalence nests, connected with the described abbreviations and their decoding stimuli through their paradigmatic relations. The latter led to forming compound abbreviations paradigmatic associations typology, including an abbreviation nest, an abbreviation-onomasiologic field, an abbreviation group and an abbreviation paradigm. The novelty of the study has been determined by the fact that for the first it provides a set of methods for finding and predicting the equivalence nest of abbreviated words; the methodology of the obtained results verification is also described. The results have provided the possibility of a full-fledged comprehensive dictionary description of compound abbreviated appellatives. In the future, the author is planning to develop methods of searching for equivalents of other formal onomasicologic abbreviation types - initial abbreviations and onym compound abbreviations.

"ERRORS AND DEVIATIONS IN ENGLISH SONGS AND THEIR IMPACT ON LANGUAGE LEARNERS"

"Singing songs and memorizing their lyrics is a way of learning foreign languages, and a good addition to the main educational process. However, language mistakes in the lyrics of songs can cause much harm to language learners. The study aims to describe language errors in British and American popular songs and investigate language learners’ attitude towards them. The research methodology was based on a survey conducted among language learners, and an analysis of lyrics of the English songs. The survey results demonstrated that young people are active listeners of songs, and according to most of them, both lyrics and music are important. More than half of the respondents pay attention to the lyrics, which are not always examples of correct language use. The most frequent mistakes in the lyrics of the songs are abbreviations of words and word combinations, omission of parts of words, as well as improper coordination of sentence members."

일본어와 한국어의 약어의 유형에 관한 대조연구

This study analyzes types of abbreviations in new words in Japanese and Korean. abbreviation types in the previous study (Type I [Alphabet Initial Type], Type II [Chinese Pronunciation Change Type], Type III [Shape abbreviation Type], Type IV [Combination Type], Type V [Independence Type]) were adopted for an analysis method with newly added Type VI [Phoneme Shortening Type]. Representative types of abbreviation in Japanese and Korean were [IIIIII], [prototypeIII] and [IIIprototype] and these occupy over 50% of target words. Type III is a dominant abbreviation type of new words. This indicates that there are a lot of abbreviation hybrid words formed with foreign words. Especially, in Type III, the omission of the rest was most frequent in Japanese while the form change depending on the location predominated in Korean. The second dominant type was Type IV, which indicates the ellipsis of Chinese words, in both Japanese and Korean. Types II and VI which indicate characteristics of Japanese and Korean, respectively, have an extremely low portion of Japanese and Korean new words. The scholarly contribution of this study is to give a comparison of types of new word abbreviations in Japanese and Korean.

ESKİ TÜRKÇE METİNLER BAĞLAMINDA HUKUKİ TERMİNOLOJİNİN SEMANTİK ZENGİNLEŞMESİ

Numerous terms used in the context of Old Turkish texts, especially in the language of Old Uyghur official-legal documents and civil documents, indicate that the Turkish legal language has an ancient history. The texts formed in different alphabets, writing systems and various environments during the Uyghur Khaganate and later periods are valuable sources that shed light on the history of our language. Although these texts have always been at the center of attention of researchers, the language of legal documents, official documents, the vocabulary of texts with legal and official meanings, the ways of derivation of words have not been studied extensively and comprehensively. The researches were mostly carried out in the context of syntax or thematic regions, and the language composition of the language of the documents was not evaluated according to its lexical-semantic, morphological structure and origin. The naming and derivation ways of legal concepts and understandings regarding the official-business style, the nomenclature and processes of words belonging to general usage should be put forward in the context of the texts, and the issues of forming terms through the language's own means or quotations should be examined in the light of historical facts. Vocabulary of Old Turkish Texts reveals that legal terms are derived in two ways: the language's own possibilities and quotations. Considering the structure and grammatical rules of Turkish, we can classify legal terms as a) semantic, b) morphological, c) syntactic, d) kalka, e) abbreviation of words. These derivational ways, which have different functionality in various periods, are also followed in the language of official-legal documents in old Uyghur language. In this paper, in the light of old Turkish legal documents, the terminology is discussed in a semantic way, in this method, which is one of the most efficient and first ways of word derivation, the position of polysemy (polysemy), the transition of words from general use to specific use - term by changing their meaning, the semantic expansion of the word are examined. manifestations have been studied. Key words: Old Turkish, Official-business style, Law, Terminology, Word derivation, Semantics

TRENDS OF ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERM TRUNCATION IN UKRAINIAN DERIVATOLOGY

The article is devoted to the formation of a system of terms to define the concept of «cutting off» the phonemic end or a certain part of the creative basis in the process of new words formation in the Ukrainian language, which contributes to the terminological order in Ukrainian derivatology. Formation of the terms truncation and trimming in Ukrainian derivatology, notes the influence of the corresponding terms of Russian derivatology on this process is studied in the article. The correlation of the term truncation with numerous terms based on the clipping (rejection) of the part of the creative basis, accompanied by phonetic changes and without them, in particular with such as befixless (suffixless) method of creation, rederivation (inverse word formation), zero apophysis telescopy, etc., in different periods of linguistics development. The characteristic features of two terminological units at the present stage of development of Ukrainian derivatology are singled out: truncation as a morphological phenomenon and truncation as an independent way of word formation. It was found that truncation of the creative basis is possible not only during affixation, but also in the absence of any affixes in derived words. This phenomenon is observed in the creation of complex words of different types. It is called an abbreviation truncation of bases or an abbreviation type of abbreviation, based on the abbreviation type of word formation is distinguished, or an abbreviation, the essence of which is the formation of an abbreviation word due to abbreviation of words of the corresponding nominative phrase. There is a tendency for the term Elysium to function, in particular, it was that this term has not become widely used in Ukrainian word formation, apparently because the phenomenon it calls is not very characteristic of word-forming acts of the Ukrainian language. It is found out that in Ukrainian theoretical and applied derivatology the term truncation appeared in connection with the need for morphological adaptation of the phonemic end of the creative basis with the phonemic beginning of the word-forming suffix in the process of their combination and formation of a new word. It was considered one of the types of mutual adaptation of morphemes, along with the alternation of phonemes and interfixation during affix word formation. With this meaning it is codified both in word formation and in word-forming morphology.

PECULIARITIES OF FRENCH YOUTH’S ARGOT

Objective. The objective of the article is to determine the status of the youth’s argot and its role in modern French, as well as to identify the most productive models of the formation of the youth’s argot, which makes the language of young people more expressive and emotional. Methods. The work uses a complex of general scientific and special research methods, namely linguistic observation and description, analysis, systematization and generalization of scientific literature, which make it possible to understand the features of the French youth’s argot and its meaningful characteristics. Results. Young people’s language functions within any language and exists at all times, it changes only the quantitative composition and scope of application under the influence of both linguistic and non-linguistic factors. There are argots in the vocabulary of every modern young Frenchman, since they greatly simplify the understanding of any phenomena and increase the speed of assimilation of new information material. In recent decades there has been a constant evolution of the argot, which manifests itself in the growing penetration of argots into all spheres of life, it ceases to be a closed language and become part of the vocabulary of a significant number of French people. Global informatization has a particular impact on the French language. Over the past decades, the Internet has evolved from a specialized computer network into an open source of mass communication. And here, its own electronic youth culture is being formed, which is reflected in the emergence of new grammatical, syntactic, punctuation, lexical and other norms. The reasons for the formation of the modern youth’s argot is the saving of time and efforts, which gives rise to a huge number of different abbreviations of words and phrases; belonging of young people to a particular social group and classifying information from outsiders, which leads to a large number of argot; the desire to avoid the use of obscene expressions, in an abbreviated form lose the element of vulgarity; a desire to express their emotions and provide expressions of expressiveness and emotionality. Youth’s argot is not just a desire to rebel against generally accepted norms or lack of literary baggage for codified communication. It is a completely linguistic creativity, which develops especially rapidly during the period of social upheavals, cultural shifts. The author examines the content characteristics of youth’s argot.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ АКТУАЛІЗАЦІЇ СЕМАНТИЧНОЇ КОМПРЕСІЇ У ПОПУЛЯРНИХ АНГЛОМОВНИХ ТОК ШОУ

The article deals with the analysis of semantic compression application in popular English talk shows. The purpose of this paper is to define language compression, to outline the expediency of its use in English media discourse, to name ways of compression implementation in popular talk shows and to consider the level of influence of principle of linguistic efforts economy on achieving communicative goals between interlocutors. Basic information on the concept of linguistic compression and features of its use at different language levels, in particular phonetic, morphological, lexical, semantic and syntactic is presented. Linguistic compression is used in oral and written discourse, in formal and informal texts. The text gives valuable information on the structure and characteristics of media discourse, its grammatical, lexical and phonetic features. The article focuses on a detailed analysis of the main linguistic means that serve to reduce the symbolic structure of language, which leads to the brevity of expression, contains the data on key properties of linguistic compression that help make the text more concise. Special attention is paid to the phonetic methods of linguistic compression in English talk shows: it is manifested through such means as reduction, assimilation, loss, fusion and other processes. Among the syntactic means of compression, such methods used for linguistic efforts economy as contamination, segmentation and parceling, ellipse, univerbation, abbreviation, composite words, inclusion and use of foreign words or components are analyzed. The article points out the importance of adequate transfer of information with preservation of expressive nuances and observance of stylistic language norms. The article is of interest for further researches on the topic of linguistic efforts economy in oral and written speech styles, can be used in researches in linguistics, lexicology, phonetics.

براہوئی قدیم ادب ٹی توار مٹی نا ویلاک


 
 
 
 The purpose of writing this title is the ancient literature which is written in the letter. The text is written in the form of text. It is important to identify problems in it. The issues that have been created in this literature from this type of paper. To show them The words change the characters, difficulties in removing words, and trying to identify readers who have experienced difficulties. Please note that literature is a great deal. Which are a separate discussion. Similarly, there is an obstacle in the development of ancient literature. These words have led to the change of audio. In the words the characters used to have been used as a vocalist. The reason for which the word has been made. To indicate it The words of words in the word do not change the words of words or how words are words or abbreviations of words or abusive words. In terms of words or abundance words have been changed in terms of words. Displaying those who do not know the characters in reading. Many words have been removed in the words of extravagance in many words. To identify them, these are the problems that the title has been liked.
 
 
 

Variasi Bahasa, Singkatan, dan Kesalahan Ejaan Pada Fitur Market Place di Facebook

The purposes of this study were to answer the following questions: (1) What are the forms of language variations found on the market place feature on Facebook? (2) What are the forms of word abbreviations found on the market place features on Facebook? (3) What are spelling errors in the market place feature on Facebook? This study used a qualitative method referring to the analyses of screenshots and data records. The results of this study revealed the following: 1) There are three variations of language, including Indonesian and English language variations, Indonesian and Javanese variations, and the variations of Indonesian, English, and Javanese. 2) There are two types of word abbreviations, namely Indonesian abbreviations and English abbreviations. 3) There are four forms of spelling errors, including a) Erroneous use of capital letters, b) erroneous use of the in-front letter, c) Errors in writing periods (.) and commas (,), and d) Errors in quotation marks (". .. ") and abbreviations or apostrophes ('').

ТРАНСЛЯЦИЯ МЕНТАЛИТЕТА В УСЛОВИЯХ ТРАНЗИТИВНОГО ОБЩЕСТВА

The article deals with the peculiarities of translating mentality through language in a transforming society. The article reveals the idea of a transitive society and the psychology of transitivity. It is shown that a transitive society influences social representations and values, determines attitudes and goals. Particular attention is paid to the interaction of language and mentality in the context of globalization, when there is an increase in changes in language, including in the Internet language. The language of the people is one of the main mechanisms for transmitting the mentality, through which a special national way of thinking is formed. Numerous studies have shown that the transitivity of society, accompanied by the influence of high technologies, informatization, and virtualization, has a transformative effect on the mentality as a whole. In the history of Russia, the fundamental transformations of society associated with the revolution of 1917 also determined changes in the language in the post-revolutionary period, which were manifested in the increase in the number of jargon, abbreviations of words, and the introduction of foreign borrowings into the language. In the works of scientists of those years, the peculiarities of the influence of foreign borrowings on people's consciousness and mentality in general were analyzed. V. M. Bekhterev, N. S. Trubetskoy, A. M. Selishchev, A. A. Potebnya and others paid attention to the study of these processes. Excessive changes in language can pose a threat to the national mentality due to their impact on traditional values, their destruction and the introduction of new values in a globalized world. The role of the media as a native speaker of a new language and as a tool for influencing mass consciousness is outlined. The most intensive manipulation of the masses through language influences increases in unstable, transitional periods of society development.

Rule-based Text Normalization for Malay Social Media Texts

Malay social media text is a text written on social media networks like Twitter. Commonly, this text comprises non-standard words, filled with dialects, foreign languages, word abbreviations, grammatical neglect, spelling errors, and many more. It is well known that this type of text is difficult to process due to its high noise and distinct text structure. Such problems can be resolved using rigorous text normalization, which is critical before any technique can be implemented and evaluated on social media text. In this paper, an improved normalization method towards Malay social media text was proposed by converting non-standard Malay words using a rule-based model. The method normalizes common language words often used by Malaysian users, such as non-standard Malay (like dialect and slangs), Romanized Arabic, and English words. Thus, a Malay text normalizer was proposed using a set of rules that extend across different domains of natural language processing (NLP) and is expected to address the challenges of processing Malay social media text. This study implements the proposed Malay text normalizer in a Part-of-Speech (POS) tagging application to evaluate the normalizer’s performance. The implementation demonstrates a substantial improvement in the POS tagging efficiency over several pre-processing stages, with an improvement of accuracy up to 31.8%. The increase of accuracy in the POS tagging indicates two main points. First, the Malay text normalizer’s rules improve the performance of a Malay text normalizer on social media text. Second, our proposed Malay text normalizer has successfully improved the POS tagging percentage and demonstrates the importance of normalized pre-processing in any NLP application.

The Digram I Ching Genetic Code Compresses the Genetic Code into 24 Compatible Main Codons

When using a compacted version of the "I Ching" genetic code, the number of symbols is reduced to only 8 symbolic binary constants, integrated by only three symbols, being each: either the continuous or the broken horizontal line, plus the respective one word abbreviations of their resulting amino acids, namely, between four to eight accompanying the triad of lines, giving a total set of 46 possible combinations. This study is an alternate way of file compression for the genetic code, focused in the nucleotides, while another one I explored elsewhere, was focused in the groupings of amino acids, both individually and by their codon equivalents. As an Appendix 1 & 2 analogy, I add an example of "mutations" in literature, based on two early versions of "The Fair" (in its first edition of 1963, and in its first red edition of 1971), comparing its vignettes, and written in Spanish by my professor Juan José Arreola, now at his 101 year of birth.

Analisis Sentimen Pada Media Sosial Twitter Menggunakan Naive Bayes Classifier Dengan Ekstrasi Fitur N-Gram

Social media is currently an online media that is widely accessed in the world. Microblogging services such as Twitter allow users to write about various things they experience or write reviews of a product, service, public figures and so on. This can be used to take opinion or sentiment towards an entity that is being discussed on social media such as Twitter. This study utilizes these data to determine public opinion or sentiment regarding public perceptions of the issue of rising electricity tariffs. Opinion taking is based on three classes namely positive, negative and neutral. Users often use non-standard word abbreviations or spelling, this can complicate the process and accuracy of classification results. In this study the authors apply text-preprocessing in handling these problems. For feature extraction, n-gram and classification methods are used using the Naive Bayes classifier. From the results of the research that has been done, the most negative sentiments are formed in response to the issue of the increase in basic electricity tariffs. In addition, from the results of testing with the method of cross validation and confusion matrix it is known that the accuracy of the naïve Bayes method reaches 89.67% before applying n-gram, and the accuracy rate increases 2.33% after applying n-gram characters to 92.00%. It is proven that the application of the n-gram extraction feature can increase the accuracy of the naïve Bayes method.

Logical form, mathematical practice, and Frege's Begriffsschrift

For over a century we have been reading Frege's Begriffsschrift notation as a variant of standard notation. But Frege's notation can also be read differently, in a way enabling us to understand how reasoning in Begriffsschrift is at once continuous with and a significant advance beyond earlier mathematical practices of reasoning within systems of signs. It is this second reading that I outline here, beginning with two preliminary claims. First, I show that one does not reason in specially devised systems of signs of mathematics as one reasons in natural language; the signs are not abbreviations of words. Then I argue that even given a system of signs within which to reason in mathematics, there are two ways one can read expressions involving those signs, either mathematically or mechanically. These two lessons are then applied to a reading of Frege's proof of Theorem 133 in Part III of his 1879 logic, a proof that Frege claims is at once strictly deductive and ampliative, a real extension of our knowledge. In closing, I clarify what this might mean, and how it might be possible.

Deviation of Meanings with Homonymy as an Effort to Build Humor in Meme: A Semantic Study

The purpose of this study is (1) Describe how the use of homonymy for deviation of meaning as an effort to build humor in meme. (2) Describes a pattern of deviations of meaning that utilize homonymy in memes. This research is a descriptive-qualitative research. The data were collected using the method of simak and technique of notes. Data analysis in this research use method of match referential and connecting techniques to support codification, reduction, display, and interpretation in accordance with qualitative research framework. The results of this research, found the use of relations of homonymous meaning include the word base, derivative, foreign, and slang. Also found a deviation of meaning by utilizing homonymy that occurs due to euphemism, naming, and awarding pause. In addition to homonymy also found the use of homophony and then homography of word abbreviation. There are three patterns used to make deviations of meaning by utilizing homonymy. (1) The abused word is accompanied by text as explanatory. (2) The abused word is accompanied by the picture as explanatory. (3) The abused word does not appear in the language symbol but the image with the text as explanatory. The holder of the important role of deviation of meaning in the meme is the image and the use of collocation. The right collocation is capable of tricking the reader before finally being startled by a second meaning. Collocation can determine the successful use of homonymy to build humor in a meme. If the meaning of collocation fails to deliver the reader to the meaning presented, then the meaning of the surprise fails to show.

ЗНАЧАЈ ЈЕЗИЧКИХ СКРАЋЕНИЦА И ЊИХОВОГ ТУМАЧЕЊА У ПРОЦЕСУ КОМУНИКАЦИЈЕ

Скраћивање речи је неминовна појава коју налаже потреба за брзином у комуникацији. Међутим, исто тако, скраћенице могу да доведу до несврсисходне комуникације, уколико комуникатори нису упознати са поруком коју преносе скраћенице, и нису у стању да је протумаче. Дакле, скраћенице доприносе језичкој економији у комуникацији, али да би могле да одговоре и захтеву сврсисходности комуникације, комуникатори се морају договорити о употреби појединих скраћеница у датим околностима и ситуацијама, и упознати се са њиховим творбеним основама. Скраћенице, као врста речи, користе се у свим моделима људске комуникације (и у општим и у посебним моделима). У раду су приказани релевантни елементи и општих и посебних модела комуникације, са нагласком на језик (и говорни и писани) као начин комуникације. Дедуктивним методом, опште моделе комуникације смо третирали као платформу за настајање и изградњу посебних модела.