8weeks Of Intervention Research Articles

Acute and long-term effect of specific and non-specific exercises in patients with chronic neck pain: A protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Exercise therapy is the most common approach for people with chronic neck pain (CNP). Although well-established, it remains unknown which type of exercise is the best for treating this condition. Moreover, pain processing can play a role in the persistence of pain and in the response to interventions. Thus, the aim of this randomized controlled trial is to compare the acute and long-term effects of two exercise protocols (specific and non-specific) on pain and pain processing in individuals with CNP. One hundred and ten participants aged between 18 and 65years who have had non-specific neck pain for more than 3months will be recruited. They will be randomized and allocated into two groups (specific exercises and non-specific exercises) and both groups will perform an exercise programme twice a week for 8weeks. Both programmes are divided into two progressive and individualized phases. The primary outcomes are change in pain intensity after 8weeks of exercise and exercise-induced hypoalgesia, and secondary outcomes are pressure pain threshold, temporal summation of pain, conditioned pain modulation, the Neck Disability Index, the Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the Global Perception of Change Scale. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, after 8weeks of intervention, and at 6-month follow-up.

Combined effects of strength and balance training versus aerobic training on balance, neuropathy symptoms and quality of life in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) occurs in >50% of diabetic patients and is a high risk-factor of balance problems and risk of falls. Impaired balance can lead to reduced function, which has a detrimental effect on patients' quality of life. Structured strength and balance training can result in sustained improvements in muscle strength, coordination, balance, functional status and quality of life. To determine the combined effects of strength and balance training versus aerobic training on balance, severity of symptoms of DPN, and quality of life in patients with DPN. This double blinded, two arm parallel design Randomized Clinical Trial. The study was conducted from March to December 2020 in the AIMS diabetic center Peshawar, Pakistan. Participants were selected through convenience sampling technique and randomly allocated into strength plus balance and aerobic training groups. Type 2 diabetic patients of both sexes, aged 40 to 80years, with a Toronto neuropathy score ≥6 recruited, while patients with ulceration/infection of feet, medical/Surgical conditions, and non-ambulatory patients were excluded from this study. Intervention was applied 3days a week for 8weeks. The Toronto clinical neuropathy system was used to assess neuropathy severity, SF-36 to assess quality of life and the Berg balance scale was used for assessment of balance. Assessment was done at the baseline and after 8weeks of intervention using SPSS. Version 22 was used for analysis. The mean age of the participants was 60.80±9.73. Between group analysis, which showed were statistically insignificant for neuropathy severity, balance and all domains of quality of life (p-value >0.05) except SF-36 General Health Perception Score, with Mean±SD of 62.50±7.54 in group A versus Mean±SD of in group B 60.00±15.98 (p-value=0.05). Within group analysis showed statistically significant results for neuropathy severity, balance and all domains of quality of life (p-value<0.05). This study concluded that there is a statistically significant effect of structured balance and strength training and aerobic training on severity of DPN, balance and quality of life. But there was no statistically significant difference in improvement between the two intervention groups.

Effects of exercise, metformin, and combination treatments on type 2 diabetic mellitus-induced muscle atrophy in db/db mice: Crosstalk between autophagy and the proteasome.

Both exercise and metformin are common effective clinical treatments of type 2 diabetic mellitus. This study investigated the functional role of exercise, metformin, and combination treatment on type 2 diabetic mellitus-induced muscle atrophy. In this experiment, a total of 10 BKS mice were set as the control group. A total of 40 BKS-db/db mice were randomly divided into the control group (db/db); the exercise intervention group (db/db + Ex), which ran on a treadmill at 7-12m/min, 30-40min/day, 5days/week; the metformin administration group (db/db + Met), which was administered 300mg/kg of metformin solution by gavage daily; and the exercise combined with metformin administration group (db/db + Ex + Met). After 8weeks of intervention, their tibialis anterior muscles were removed. The levels of insulin signaling pathway proteins, ubiquitin proteasome, and autophagic lysosome-associated proteins were detected using western blot, the expression of MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 was detected using immunohistochemical staining, and the degradation of autophagosomes was detected using double-labeled immunofluorescence. The db/db mice exhibited reduced insulin sensitivity and inhibition of the autophagic-lysosome system, the ubiquitin-proteasome system was activated, and protein degradation was exacerbated, leading to skeletal muscle atrophy. Exercise and metformin and their combined interventions can increase insulin sensitivity, whereas exercise alone showed more effective in inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome system, improving autophagy levels, and alleviating skeletal muscle atrophy. Compared with metformin, exercise demonstrated superior improvement of muscle atrophy by promoting the synthesis and degradation of autophagy through the AMPK/ULK1 pathway. However, the combination treatment exhibits no synergistic effect on muscle atrophy.

Differential effects of Western diet and traumatic muscle injury on skeletal muscle metabolic regulation in male and female mice.

This study was designed to develop an understanding of the pathophysiology of traumatic muscle injury in the context of Western diet (WD; high fat and high sugar) and obesity. The objective was to interrogate the combination of WD and injury on skeletal muscle mass and contractile and metabolic function. Male and female C57BL/6J mice were randomized into four groups based on a two-factor study design: (1) injury (uninjured vs. volumetric muscle loss [VML]) and (2) diet (WD vs. normal chow [NC]). Electrophysiology was used to test muscle strength and metabolic function in cohorts of uninjured+NC, uninjured+WD, VML+NC and VML+WD at 8weeks of intervention. VML-injured male and female mice both exhibited decrements in muscle mass (-17%, P<0.001) and muscle strength (-28%, P<0.001); however, VML+WD females had a 28% greater muscle mass compared to VML+NC females (P=0.034), a compensatory response not detected in males. VML-injured male and female mice both had lower carbohydrate- and fat-supported muscle mitochondrial respiration (JO2 ) and less electron conductance through the electron transport system (ETS); however, male VML-WD had 48% lower carbohydrate-supported JO2 (P=0.014) and 47% less carbohydrate-supported electron conductance (P=0.026) compared to male VML+NC, and this diet-injury phenotype was not present in females. ETS electron conductance starts with complex I and complex II dehydrogenase enzymes at the inner mitochondrial membrane, and male VML+WD had 31% less complex I activity (P=0.004) and 43% less complex II activity (P=0.005) compared to male VML+NC. This was a diet-injury phenotype not present in females. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase metabolic enzyme activities were evaluated as potential drivers of impaired JO2 in the context of diet and injury. There were notable male and female differential effects in the enzyme activity and post-translational regulation of PDH. PDH enzyme activity was 24% less in VML-injured males, independent of diet (P<0.001), but PDH enzyme activity was not influenced by injury in females. PDH enzyme activity is inhibited by phosphorylation at serine-293 by PDH kinase 4 (PDK4). In males, there was greater total PDH, phospho-PDHser293 and phospho-PDH-to-total PDH ratio in WD mice compared to NC, independent of injury (P≤0.041). In females, PDK4 was 51% greater in WD compared to NC, independent of injury (P=0.025), and was complemented by greater phospho-PDHser293 (P=0.001). Males are more susceptible to muscle metabolic dysfunction in the context of combined WD and traumatic injury compared to females, and this may be due to impaired metabolic enzyme functions.

Interaction of exercise training with taurine attenuates infarct size and cardiac dysfunction via Akt-Foxo3a-Caspase-8 signaling pathway.

This research aimed to investigate the synergistic protective effect of exercise training and taurine on Akt-Foxo3a-Caspase-8 signaling related to infarct size and cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, 25 male Wistar rats with MI were divided into five groups: sham (Sh), control-MI(C-MI), exercise training-MI(Exe-MI), taurine supplementation-MI(Supp-MI), and exercise training + taurine-MI(Exe + Supp-MI). The taurine groups were given a 200mg/kg/day dose of taurine by drinking water. Exercise training was conducted for 8weeks (5days/week), each session alternated 2min with 25-30% VO2peak and 4min with 55-60% VO2peak for 10 alternations. Then, the left ventricle tissue samples were taken from all groups. Exercise training and taurine activated Akt and decreased Foxo3a. Expression of the caspase-8 gene was increased in cardiac necrosis after MI, While, after 12weeks of intervention decreased. Results exhibited that exercise training combined with taurine has a greater effect than either alone on activating the Akt-Foxo3a-caspase signaling pathway (P < 0.001). MI-induced myocardial injury leads to increase collagen deposition (P < 0.001) and infarct size and results in cardiac dysfunction via reduced stroke volume, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening (P < 0.001). Exercise training and taurine improved cardiac functional parameters (SV, EF, FS) and infarct size (P < 0.001) after 8weeks of intervention in rats with MI. Also, the interaction of exercise training and taurine has a greater effect than alone on these variables. Interaction of exercise training with taurine supplementation induces a general amelioration of the cardiac histopathological profiles and improves cardiac remodeling via activating Akt-Foxo3a-Caspase-8 signaling with protective effects against MI.

Hepatoprotective effects of moderate-intensity interval training along with ginger juice in an old male rat model.

Aging is a natural process coupled with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, gradually associated with losing organ function over time. Therefore, the objective of the current work was to peruse the protective effects of 8-week moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) and ginger extract supplementation on some biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid metabolism in the liver of elderly males Wistar rats (animal study with ethical code IR.BMSU.REC.1401.015). A total of thirty-two 22-month-aged male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: (1) control, (2) MIIT, (3) ginger, and (4) MIIT + ginger. After 8weeks of treadmill training and ginger extract supplementation, the biochemical parameters (liver enzyme and lipid profile), inflammatory mediators (leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6), pro-oxidant (malondialdehyde), antioxidant biomarkers (catalase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity), some lipid metabolism regulators (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, adipose triglyceride lipase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, CD36, and AMP-activated protein kinase), and liver histopathological changes were appraised. The acquired findings pointed out that MIIT combined with ginger extract appreciably diminished the serum levels of LRG1, liver enzymes, and lipid profile relative to the other groups after 8weeks of intervention. Furthermore, ginger + MIIT caused a great improvement in the liver levels of antioxidant biomarkers, pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory biomarkers, lipid metabolism regulators, and liver tissue impairment compared to the other groups. The findings suggested that MIIT + ginger was more effective in improving examined indices relative to the other groups.

Improvement of Osteoporosis in Rats With Hind-Limb Unloading Treated With Pulsed Electromagnetic Field and Whole-Body Vibration.

Physical factors have been used to address disuse osteoporosis, but their effects and mechanism remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) and whole-body vibration (WBV) on disuse osteoporosis to increase knowledge about treating osteoporosis. A disuse osteoporosis rat model was developed by hind-limb unloading (HU) for 6weeks. Forty 4-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups and given the following interventions: HU, HU treated with PEMF (HUP), HU treated with WBV (HUW), HU treated with both PEMF and WBV (HUPW), and no intervention (controls). After 8weeks of intervention, measurements were taken. HU induced a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD), whereas HUP, HUW, and HUPW increased it. Moreover, the bone resorption markers tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and C-terminal peptide of type 1 collagen in the HU group significantly increased, whereas the osteogenesis markers osteocalcin and N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen significantly decreased. The markers osteocalcin and N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen significantly increased, but TRAP and C-terminal peptide of type 1 collagen significantly decreased in the HUPW, HUP, and HUW groups compared with the HU group. In particular, HUPW effectively increased osteocalcin and decreased TRAP compared with HUP and WBV. Microcomputed tomography analysis of the femur indicated that HUPW improved trabecular number, bone volume over total volume, bone surface over bone volume, trabecular separation, and the structure model index compared with HUP and that it improved bone surface over bone volume, trabecular separation, and structure model index compared with HUW. The HUPW group showed a significant increase in maximum load compared with the HUW group and a significant increase in elastic modulus compared with the HUP group. PEMF, WBV, and their combination all attenuated bone resorption and enhanced osteogenesis. WBV and the combination of treatments have great potential to improve osteogenesis compared with PEMF. In addition, HUPW significantly attenuated bone resorption compared with HUW and HUP. The results of this study indicated that HUPW could effectively improve disuse osteoporosis compared with HUP, given that trabecular number and bone volume over total volume are associated with disuse osteoporosis. Moreover, BMD recovered well with HUP, HUW, and HUPW but the bone structure-especially mechanical performance-did not, indicating that osteoporosis should be evaluated with BMD and mechanical performance, not with BMD in isolation.

Effects of progressive muscle relaxation therapy with home exercise on pain, fatigue, and stress in subjects with fibromyalgia syndrome: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Fibromyalgia is accompanied by symptoms of fatigue, depression, sleep disorders, and physical and mental stress[1]. It is a difficult-to-treat disorder because its exact causes are unknown. This study aimed to examine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation therapy (PMRT) on pain, fatigue, and stress in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Thirty-seven patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (age: 20-65years) were randomly allocated to the PMRT group (n1= 18, 2 men and 16 women) or non-PMRT group (n2= 19, 2 men and 17 women). The PMRT group received PMRT twice a week for 8weeks and the non-PMRT group received conventional physical therapies such as electro-stimulation and heat therapies during this period. The outcome was evaluated before and after 8week sofintervention using the Visual Analogue Scale, Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue, Perceived Stress Scale, and measurement of the blood pressure and pulse rate. Pain and fatigue significantly decreased in the PMRT group compared with the non-PMRT group (both P< 0.001). In addition, perceived stress (P< 0.001), systolic blood pressure (P< 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (P< 0.05), and pulse rate (P< 0.001) significantly decreased in the PMRT group compared with the non-PMRT group. The findings indicate that progressive muscle relaxation therapy is a viable rehabilitative therapy for pain, fatigue, and stress symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome.

Quality of life responses after combined and aerobic water-based training programs in older women: a randomized clinical trial (ACTIVE Study).

Quality of life (QoL) is an important health index for older adults. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 16weeks of aerobic training to 8weeks of aerobic followed by 8weeks of combined (i.e., resistance and aerobic exercises) training, as well as to a control group on the QoL of older women exercising in the aquatic environment. 52 older women were first randomized to either aerobic training (n = 35) or a control group (n = 17). After 8weeks of intervention, participants initially assigned to the aerobic training group were again randomized to either 8 additional weeks of aerobic (n = 17) or combined training (n = 18). Aerobic training was performed at the heart rate percentage associated with the anaerobic threshold, while resistance training sets were performed at maximal effort. The control group performed low-intensity water-based therapeutic exercises. QoL was assessed before (week 0) and after the intervention (week 17) using the WHOQOL-BREEF and WHOQOL-OLD questionnaires. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) and Bonferroni post hoc tests (α = 0.05) were used to compare time points and groups. QoL improved significantly only in the training groups after the 16-week training intervention, whereas it remained unchanged in the control group. In addition, autonomy, environment, and present, past and future activities domains were more impacted after combined training. QoL improved only in the water-based training groups, and the addition of resistance exercises to the training program resulted in additional benefits to autonomy, environment, and past, present, and future activities domains. Clinical Trials NCT03892278.

The effect of video exercise-based telerehabilitation on clinical outcomes, expectation, satisfaction, and motivation in patients with chronic low back pain.

The efficacy of exercise-based telerehabilitation in chronic low back pain (CLBP) has not been well studied. To our knowledge, no other studies have investigated the efficacy of video exercise-based telerehabilitation software in the remote management of home exercises in patients with CLBP. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of the video-based exercise software on pain, function, quality-of-life, expectation, satisfaction, and motivation in individuals with CLBP. A double-blind, two-armed randomized controlled trial was carried out with 50 individuals with CLBP. Participants were randomly allocated to either the telerehabilitation group (n = 25) or the conventional rehabilitation group (n = 25). The telerehabilitation group was followed up with a video exercise-based telerehabilitation software called Fizyoweb. The clinician was able to communicate with the patients through the software. The conventional rehabilitation group was given the same home exercises as the paper-based exercise instruction form. Pain, function, quality-of-life, and kinesiophobia were evaluated at baseline and after 8weeks of intervention. In addition, patient expectations were questioned at the initial evaluation; afterward, patient satisfaction and motivation were questioned at the eighth week. After 8weeks of treatment, the telerehabilitation group achieved significant improvement in pain, function, quality-of-life, kinesiophobia, satisfaction, and motivation (p < 0.05). In addition, the telerehabilitation group reported more significant gains in all parameters compared with the conventional rehabilitation group (p < 0.05). The video exercise-based telerehabilitation software positively affects clinical parameters and adherence to rehabilitation in patients with CLBP.

The effects of Chlorella supplementation on glycemic control, lipid profile and anthropometric measures on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes is a chronic disease and the prevalence of it is rapidly increasing. Recently, the use of natural products in chronic diseases such as diabetes has gained more attention. Chlorella, a single-celled green alga, is one of them. There have been some studies on the effects of chlorella supplementation in chronic diseases such as NAFLD, prediabetes, and diabetic mice, but none of them examined the effects of chlorella in patients with T2DM. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of chlorella supplementation on glycemic control, lipid profile, and anthropometric indices in type 2 diabetic patients. This study is a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. 84 patients with T2DM assigned into two groups, receiving 1500mg/day C. vulgaris or placebo for 8weeks. Anthropometric information, blood pressure, 24-h food intake recall, and blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of the study to determine the changes of FBS, HbA1c, insulin concentration, insulin resistance, and lipid profile. None of the variables investigated in this study showed a significant change after 8weeks of intervention with C. vulgaris. According to the findings of this study, supplementation with C. vulgaris with a dosage of 1500mg/day for 8weeks, does not improve the anthropometric measurements, glycemic status, and lipid profile as well. Thus, it cannot be considered as a complementary therapeutic approach to common medications at this dosage and duration. However, future studies with a higher dosage of C. vulgaris and more prolonged than 8weeks are needed to be done.

Low advanced Glycation end product diet improves the central obesity, insulin resistance and inflammatory profiles in Iranian patients with metabolic syndrome: a randomized clinical trial.

The study aimed to investigate the effects of 8-weeks AGEs restricted diet on glycemic control as well as lipid profile, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and IR in overweight patients with Mets. In this randomized, controlled clinical trial 40 clients were randomly assigned to take either a low AGE (L-AGE) or a regular AGE (Reg-AGE) diet. Also, both groups were advised to follow an energy-restricted diet. At baseline and after 8-weeks of intervention, anthropometric parameters, dietary intake, plasma concentrations of malondialdehyde, carboxymethyllysine, TNF-α, hs-CRP and levels of serum glucose, lipid and insulin were assessed. AGEs restriction resulted in significant changes in mean differences levels of CML (p < 0.004), FBG (p < 0.01), HOMA-IR (p < 0.04), TNF-α (p < 0.01) and MDA (p < 0.02) in comparison to Reg-AGE. Moreover, weight (p < 0.0001) and WC (p < 0.001) significantly declined in the intervention group. Our results indicate that dAGEs restriction plus a low-calorie diet is superior to a low-calorie diet in amelioration of central obesity and IR at least partially through reduction of OS and inflammation in Mets subjects.

The effectiveness of military physical exercise on irisin concentrations and oxidative stress among male healthy volunteers.

Background Irisin, a newly discovered hormone, is secreted into the circulation from skeletal muscles in response to physical exercise. The biochemical parameters related to irisin secretion have not been sufficiently investigated yet. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of exercise on the level of irisin and its correlation with biochemical and oxidative stress parameters. Materials and methods In this pre- and post-test observational study, 39 healthy male volunteers from a military training setting were followed up on between September and November 2015. The individuals who were included in this study were between 22 and 27 years old with an average age of 24. Those with inflammatory disorders or chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus were excluded from the study. The parameters were measured at the baseline, at 4weeks, and at 8weeks of intervention. Results The study found that the systolic and diastolic blood pressures substantially decreased after 8weeks of intervention. The cholesterol-to-HDL ratio and glucose levels were significantly higher at the baseline compared to 8weeks. Total protein and albumin were significantly higher following 4weeks (0.25 and 0.21g/dL) and 8weeks (0.32 and 0.16g/dL), respectively. Meanwhile, total globulin and irisin increased following 8weeks of the intervention by only 0.16g/dL and 0.41μg/mL, respectively. The high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) decreased following 8weeks (-0.81μg/mL). The protein carbonyl (PC) decreased following 4weeks by only 0.34nmol/L. Conclusions This study demonstrated that military training enhanced irisin hormone secretion following 8weeks of military exercise.

Resistance Training Ameliorates Finasteride-Induced Disturbance in Protein Homeostasis in Skeletal Muscle of Rats

PURPOSE Finasteride is a competitive inhibitor of 5-alpha reductase type 2 enzyme that is commonly used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and male pattern hair loss. It is not clear about the synergistic effects of finasteride and resistance training on protein homeostasis in androgen-target tissue such as skeletal muscle. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week finasteride and resistance exercise training on protein synthesis and autophagic degradation in rat skeletal muscle. METHODS Forty-eight male wild-type Sprague Dawley rats (8weeks old) were randomly assigned into 4 groups: (1) sedentary control, (2) finasteride, (3) exercise, and (4) exercise plus finasteride. Rats of the finasteride group received finasteride, dissolved in corn oil (10 mg/kg) by oral gavage. Rats of the exercise group climbed a 1-m ladder inclined at 85° every 3 days for 8 weeks as a means of resistance exercise. They climbed the ladder 8 times with the load of 50%, 75%, 90%, and 100% of its body weight. Rates of the exercise plus finasteride group were given both interventions. We assessed autophagy flux, protein synthesis (mTOR signaling and translation rate using the SUnSET assay), and muscular functions before and after 8-weeks of intervention, and performed one-way ANOVA to determine pre-post differences in each group. RESULTS The finasteride treatment significantly reduced protein synthesis while activating autophagic degradation in skeletal muscle of rats. The exercise training increased both protein synthesis and autophagic degradation. The combined treatments decreased both protein synthesis and autophagy flux in the skeletal muscle (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Eight weeks of finasteride treatment appears to disturb the protein homeostasis, which is viewed as a balance of protein synthesis and degradation through the reduction in protein synthesis and activation in autophagic degradation simultaneously in skeletal muscle. Resistance exercise appears to alleviate the disruption of protein homeostasis induced by finasteride treatment. 색인어: í”¼ë‚˜ìŠ¤í Œë¼ì´ë“œ, 자가포식, 자가포식 ìœ ë™, 단백질 항상성, 골격근 Keywords: Finasteride, Autophagy, Autophagic flux, Protein homeostasis, Skeletal muscle

Effect of yoga on cardiac autonomic dysfunction and insulin resistance in non-diabetic offspring of type-2-diabetes parents: A randomized controlled study

ObjectiveThe present study was aimed to determine the effect of yoga program on cardiac autonomic dysfunction and insulin resistance in non-diabetic offspring of diabetes parents. MethodsA randomized passive-controlled study was conducted on 64 non-diabetic offspring of type-2-diabetes parents (mean-age:25.17years). Yoga group participants received yoga training for 8 weeks. Heart-rate variability (HRV) indices: low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and LF/HF ratio; fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin resistance (IR) were estimated at baseline and after 8-weeks of intervention. ResultsWe found a significant decrease in LF (p = 0.005), LF/HF ratio (p = 0.004), IR (p < 0.001), OGTT (p = 0.003) and increase in HF (p = 0.022) in yoga group participants. Control group participants did not show any significant change in any variables. ConclusionsImprovement in cardiac autonomic function and insulin resistance by yoga training implies that yoga can reduce the risk of development of diabetes in offspring of diabetes parents.

Probiotic Soy Milk Consumption and Renal Function Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Nephropathy: a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one the most important complications of diabetes leading to end-stage renal disease. Dietary approaches have been considered to control of the kidney function deterioration among these patients. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of fortified soy milk with Lactobacillus plantarum A7 on renal function biomarkers in type 2 DN patients. Forty-eight DN subjects were attended to this parallel randomized trial study. Participants were randomly assigned to consume a diet containing 200mL/day probiotic soy milk in intervention group or soy milk in the control condition for 8weeks. An inflammatory adipokine-Progranulin (PGRN), a cytokine receptor-soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR1), and serum levels of Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C (Cys-C) as the new renal function biomarkers were measured after 8weeks of intervention according to the standard protocol. Our analysis showed that consumption of probiotic soy milk resulted in a significant reduction in the Cys-C and PGRN levels compared with the soy milk (P=0.01) in the final adjusted model. In addition, after adjustment for age, weight, and energy intake, a marginally significant in the NGAL level was seen between two groups (P=0.05). However, there was no significant differences on the sTNFR1concenteration between two groups (P=0.06). Overall, intake of probiotic soy milk may have a beneficial effect on the renal function in patients with DN.

The Impact of Probiotic Soy Milk Consumption on Oxidative Stress Among Type 2 Diabetic Kidney Disease Patients: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one the most important complications of diabetes leading to end-stage renal disease. This study aimed to determine the effects of probiotic soy milk consumption on oxidative stress biomarkers in type 2 DKD patients. Forty-eight patients were randomly assigned to consume a diet containing 200mL/day probiotic soy milk in the intervention group or soy milk in the control condition. As determinants of oxidative stress, malondialdehyde, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, oxidized glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were measured after 8weeks of intervention according to the standard protocol. Between groups analysis showed that DKD patients in the probiotic soy milk group had a higher mean value of GSH compared with those in the soy milk group. In the final adjusted model, this difference remained significant. Consistently, oxidized glutathione concentration was significantly reduced among patients in the probiotic soy milk group. Also, for activity levels of antioxidant enzymes including glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, significant increased levels were observed between 2 intervention groups in the final adjusted model. However, no significant reduction of the serum 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α or malondialdehyde and no induction of TAC concentrations within and between the 2 groups in the crude and adjusted models were detected. Overall, the results demonstrate that probiotic soy milk consumption could improve some oxidative stress factors among DKD patients. Further longitudinal studies with consideration of individual variation should be conducted.

The Effects of Chromium Supplementation on Endocrine Profiles, Biomarkers of Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Limited data are available indicating the effects of chromium administration on endocrine profiles, biomarkers of inflammation, and oxidative stress among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study was done to assess the effects of chromium administration on endocrine profiles, biomarkers of inflammation, and oxidative stress in women with PCOS. Participants of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial consisted of 60 patients with PCOS who received either 200μg chromium supplements (n=30) or placebo daily (n=30) for 8weeks. Endocrine profiles, inflammatory factors, and biomarkers of oxidative stress were assessed at study baseline and at the end of intervention. After 8weeks of intervention, pregnancy rate in chromium group was higher than that in the placebo group: 16.7% (5/30) vs. 3.3% (1/30), P=0.08. In addition, prevalence of acne (20.0 vs. 3.3%, P=0.04) decreased following the administration of chromium supplements compared with the placebo. Taking chromium led to a significant reduction in hirsutism (-1.8±2.5 vs. -0.2±0.8, P=0.002), serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (-717.0±1496.1 vs. +227.1±1669.6ng/mL, P=0.02), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) (-0.1±0.7 vs. +1.1±1.5μmol/L, P<0.001), and a significant increase in plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) concentrations (+250.7±265.2 vs. +13.0±201.6mmol/L, P<0.001). We failed to find any significant effect of chromium administration on endocrine profiles and nitric oxide (NO) and glutathione (GSH) levels. Overall, taking chromium for 8weeks among women with PCOS had beneficial effects on acne, hirsutism, hs-CRP, TAC, and MDA levels, but it did not affect endocrine profiles, NO, and GSH. IRCT201506105623N44 ( www.irct.ir ).