Zn Alloy Research Articles

The effect of molecular structure of imidazole-based compounds on corrosion inhibition of Cu, Zn, and Cu-Zn alloys

Three imidazole-based compounds (imidazole, 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, and 2-mercapto-1-methylbenzimidazole) were studied as corrosion inhibitors of Cu, Zn, and a family of Cu-xZn brass alloys (x = 10−40 wt%) in 3 wt% NaCl solution. The composition of inhibitor layers on the surface was studied using X-ray photoelectron and infrared spectroscopies. The molecular adsorption modes on Cu and Zn were modelled using density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. Mercapto-based inhibitors act as efficient inhibitors on all materials studied due to the formation of inhibitor layer through bonding with nitrogen and sulphur atoms. In contrast, imidazole is a moderate inhibitor for Zn, while it is much less efficient for Cu.

The effect of Silver addition and deformation parameters on mechanostructure, biodegradation, antimicrobial and mechanical properties of Zn-based biodegradable alloys.

Although low mechanical properties, Zinc (Zn) alloy systems with Copper (Cu) and Silver (Ag) as alloying elements have strong biocompatibility and biodegradability characteristics. This study examined the effects of rolling parameters and Ag alloying on the mechanical, biodegradable, and final structure of an alloy based on Zn. Comparing treated and untreated specimens, the addition of Ag led to a considerable improvement in both hardness and compressive strength. The produced alloys with varying amounts of Ag (between 1 and 4wt%) were cold rolled at 400-800r/min and friction coefficients between 0.3 and 0.5. The alloys' ultimate strength rose with an increase in rolling speed for Zn1Cu4Ag, and hardness and compressive strengths rose to 80HV and 470MPa, respectively. It was demonstrated that rolling force rose somewhat with Ag concentration but significantly increased with rolling speed and friction. E. Coli and S. aureus were used to assess the biodegradable alloys' antibacterial properties. For the Zn-1Cu-2Ag alloy, the inclusion of Ag resulted in a considerable (50%) rise in antibacterial activity that exceeded the effects seen in other alloy systems.

Effects of Sn on the microstructural evolution, mechanical properties and biodegradability of Zn alloys prepared by spark plasma sintering for bone repair

Zn with moderate biodegradation rate and favorable biocompatibility is emerging as promising bone implants. However, inadequate mechanical strength of Zn impedes its widespread clinical use. In this study, a novel high strength Zn-Al alloy was developed by combining micro-alloying Sn and spark plasma sintering. The fine grain structure generated the large grain boundary area, which exhibited high resistance mechanical loading. Meanwhile, the Zn-Sn eutectic could hinder dislocation motion and caused strengthening. As a result, the ultimate compressive strength was greatly increased by 103.8 %, from 121.06±1 MPa for Zn alloy to 246.80±5.29 MPa for Zn-Al-Sn alloy, and the hardness was greatly increased by 69.7 %. Furthermore, the cytocompatibility assessment also indicated that the Zn-Al-Sn alloy exhibited favorable biocompatibility with BMSCs. This study showed that the newly developed Zn-Al-Sn alloy had great potential to be next-generation bone-implants.

Origin of the time-dependent corrosion behavior of biodegradable Mg-Si-Zn alloys in simulated body fluid

The corrosion behavior of Mg‐0.6%Si‐2%Zn alloys in simulated body fluid was studied to understand the time-dependent processes and interfacial phenomena. The alloy's microstructure includes Mg-rich dendrites within eutectic microconstituent. Electrochemical responses showed minimal dependence on dendritic-spacing. Initial immersion (12.2-hour) formed a protective layer, indicated by potential elevation, polarization resistance escalation, and changes in Nyquist and Bode plots. However, between 12.2- and 168.4-hour, the protective layer integrity decreased, with observable corrosion. The corrosion mechanism involved protective layer formation followed by cracking induced by Pilling-Bedworth ratio and high H2 evolution kinetics. This time-dependent corrosion resistance resembles both corrosion-resistant and corrosion-sensitive Mg alloys, showcasing challenges in accurate assessment.

High-performance Mg–Zn alloy achieved by the ultrafine grain and nanoparticle design

Improving the comprehensive performance of low alloyed Mg is a significant challenge for biomedical applications. This paper developed a high-performance Mg–Zn alloy with uniform ultrafine grains and nano-precipitates through a straightforward, high-temperature reciprocating equal channel angle extrusion (ECAP) process and researched the microstructure, mechanical property, degradation behaviour, and biocompatibility of the developed alloy. Results showed that the lean Mg–2Zn alloy successfully refined grain to about 1 μm and produced plenty of nano-particles with uniform distribution, providing high comprehensive mechanical properties (YS: 235 MPa, UTS: 267 MPa, EL: 15.6 %). Additionally, Zn-riched nano-particles in the matrix could decrease the Zn aggregation at the corrosion layer-matrix interface and form a dense oxide film, achieving a low degradation rate (0.13 mm/year in vivo). Finally, this work realizes the low alloy content, low cost, and good properties of one biodegradable Mg alloy, which will benefit the promotion of future clinical applications.

Effect of Citrate-Based Bath pH on Properties of Electrodeposited Cu–Zn Coating on an Aluminum Substrate

In this study, Cu–Zn alloys were deposited in citrate-based electrolytes on aluminum substrate by electrodeposition method. The effect of bath pH variation on the properties of the obtained Cu–Zn alloy coatings was investigated. The electrochemical behavior of the citrate-based baths and the crystalline structure, surface morphology and elemental content, electrical resistivity and thermal behavior of the alloy coatings were analyzed. According to the results of cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis, increasing bath pH caused a negative shift in the cathodic deposition potential. In addition, the anodic dissolution peaks first shifted to the positive side with increasing pH and then shifted back to the negative direction. According to the results of XRD analysis, the phase structure of Cu–Zn alloys generally consists of α and β′ phases, but according to differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis, it is possible that there is a γ phase in the structure in addition to these phases. In addition, pH increase (4.5 to 6.5) caused a relative increase in crystal grain size (~14 to ~ 25 nm). The Zn content of Cu–Zn coatings first increased (~pct 15 to ~ pct 55) with pH increase, then followed a horizontal trend (~pct 55 to ~ pct 59) with further pH increase and then exhibited a slight decreasing trend (~pct 59 to ~ pct 52). The pH increase significantly affected the surface morphology of the coatings and denser coatings were obtained with increasing pH. While the electrical resistivity of Cu–Zn coatings first increased (0.0408 to 0.0696 µΩcm for 297 K) with increasing pH, it tended to decrease (0.0696 to 0.0479 µΩcm for 297 K) again at higher pH values. In addition, the electrical resistivity of the coatings increased with increasing measurement temperature. According to DSC analysis of the coatings, endothermic peaks were obtained, possibly representing the transformation from γ to β′ phase.Graphical

Long-term degradation performance and biocompatibility of plasma electrolytic oxidation coated Mg-0.45Ca-xZn alloys prepared using a fluoride-based electrolyte

In this work, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) with a fluoride-based electrolyte was performed on Mg-0.45Ca-xZn (x = 0, 0.45, 1.0, 2.0 wt%) alloys to enhance their degradation properties. These PEO coatings were composed of a porous layer and a barrier layer for alloys with Zn ≥ 0.45 wt%, while the coating on Mg-0.45Ca alloy was consisted of a dense inner layer and a porous outer layer. The content of Zn in the alloy has no significant effect on the hardness, adhesion strength and composition of the PEO coating. All coated-Mg-0.45Ca-xZn samples in this work showed decent anti-degradation properties in the simulated body fluid (SBF). Among them, PEO coatings on Mg-0.45Ca-1.0Zn and Mg-0.45Ca-2.0Zn alloys could provide excellent protection to the substrate over 3 months and exhibited good biocompatibility with Grade 0–1 of cytotoxicity, which were expected to be applied in the biomedical field. Besides, PEO process in this work enabled a high-quality coating to be formed on Mg–Ca–Zn bone screws.

Understanding Dislocation-Interface Interactions during Recrystallization of Mg-(Ca, Zn) Alloys

Understanding Dislocation-Interface Interactions during Recrystallization of Mg-(Ca, Zn) Alloys

Effect of combined addition of Zr and Mg on the microstructure and properties of a Cu–Cr–Sn–Zn alloy for etching lead frame

The effects on microstructure and properties of Cu–Cr–Sn–Zn with combined addition of Zr and Mg elements and their evolutions in the process of solid solution and thermomechanical treatment for etching high pin lead frames were studied. The microstructure was analyzed by OM, SEM, TEM, and EBSD. The results show that Cu–Cr–Sn–Zn and Cu–Cr–Sn–Zn–Zr–Mg alloys have the best performance after primary aging at 440 °C for 4 h and secondary aging at 400 °C for 4 h. The hardness and conductivity of the two alloys are 154 HV&78.3%IACS and 171 HV&77.8%IACS, respectively. Cu–Cr–Sn–Zn–Zr–Mg alloy final products shown better comprehensive performance, with conductivity, tensile strength, and hardness of 81.4%IACS, 580 MPa, and 175 HV respectively. The addition of Zr and Mg elements slows down the precipitation process of Cu–Cr–Sn–Zn alloy, refines the Cr phases, and inhibits the coarsening of Cr phases. Nano Cr clusters and coherent fcc Cr phases were observed during the aging process at 440 °C for 4 h and 400 °C for 4 h, which is difficult to observe in Cu–Cr–Sn–Zn alloy due to the precipitation and coarsening of Cr phases in a rapidly way. The surface roughness of Cu–Cr–Sn–Zn–Zr–Mg alloy without coarsened Cr phases is lower with Sa = 0.2681 μm.

Electrical and mechanical behaviors of rubber composites based on polar elastomers with incorporated Cu-based alloy

Dielectric elastomers with conducting inorganic fillers offer a wide range of uses, including capacitive energy storage, elastomer sensors, actuators, and many more. In this approach, low dielectric loss and high dielectric constant may be made possible by ternary composites that use metal alloy components as reinforcing fillers. Here, Cu-based alloy was added to acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) to produce ternary rubber composites. Unfortunately, the Cu–Al–Zn alloy’s material incompatibility with the rubber matrix typically leads to phase separation, void formation, and particle aggregation, all of which have a dramatic negative impact on performance. Using 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate as a coupling agent, Cu–Al–Zn alloy particles were uniformly dispersed onto the NBR rubber matrix through surface modification. By using scanning electron microscopy, the appropriate reinforcement of modified Cu-based alloy particles into NBR was carefully examined. The effect of modified Cu–Al–Zn alloy loading on the swelling behavior of the composite was also investigated. The findings show that the shape and dispersion state of modified Cu–Al–Zn alloy were important for the dielectric characteristics of the NBR compounds. By adding reinforced modified Cu-based alloy to the NBR matrix, mechanical characteristics were significantly improved. The uniform dispersion of modified Cu–Al–Zn alloy particles and strong interfacial compatibility with rubber matrix are the reasons for the outstanding performance of NBR composites, which suggests high-performance dielectric composite.

A MgZn alloy with network structure prepared by powder metallurgy with Core-Shell powder

In order to slow down the degradation rate of the magnesium alloys, a core–shell powder with a layer of Zn coated on the surface of Mg particles was prepared by eletroless plating, and then was compacted and sintered to form a Mg-Zn alloy with a network structure (net MgZn alloy), in which a network structure of Zn alloy wraps around Mg grains. The strength of the net MgZn alloy is 102 MPa, which is slightly lower than that of the pure Mg. The degradation rate of the net MgZn alloy is about 25 % of pure Mg after 4 days immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), at which time pure Mg was completely dissolved. Hydrogen evolution for the net MgZn alloy increased gradually and linearly and had not a rapid increase.

Pd nanoparticles supported on silver, zinc, and reduced graphene oxide as a highly active electrocatalyst for ethanol oxidation

In this manuscript, we present a facile approach to synthesize a highly active catalyst for the electro-oxidation of ethanol using Pd nanoparticles supported on a Ag–Zn alloy on reduced graphene oxide. This nanocomposite material was fabricated via a two-step process of incineration followed by sol-gel synthesis. The physical properties of the catalyst were evaluated using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopies. To understand the catalyst's activity for ethanol oxidation, we performed a series of cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments in alkaline medium. The catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity with a current density of 13.01 mA cm−2, a value seven times higher than the commercial standard Pd/C catalyst and higher than any other previously reported Pd-based catalyst. The results were attributed synergistic effects between the Pd and alloy support along with the large electrochemically active surface area of the material. Taken together, these results suggest that ethanol electrocatalysts based on nanocomposites of Pd, Ag, and Zn is promising candidates for future ethanol fuel cells.

Effect of Extrusion Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg–Al–Zn Alloy Prepared by Solid‐State Recycling of Mixed Waste Chips

The recycled Mg–Al–Zn alloys are successfully fabricated through solid‐state recycling of mixed waste chips, including cold pressing and hot extrusion. The effects of extrusion temperature on the microstructure evolution, slip mode, tensile properties, and hardness are studied. The homogeneous fine dynamic recrystallization (DRXed) grains with an average grain size of less than 13.1 μm can be obtained at four different extrusion temperatures (250, 300, 350, and 400 °C). The average grain size of the DRXed grains continuously increases with the rising extrusion temperature. However, the yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation to failure (EL) of the recycled alloys increase first and then decrease. The recycled Mg–Al–Zn alloys at 350 °C demonstrate excellent mechanical properties with the YS of 134.6 MPa, UTS of 286.2 MPa, EL of 7.4%, and Vickers hardness of 75.2 HV, respectively. In addition, the slip mode is transformed from the previous basal slip to the coactivation of multiple slips composed of the basal slip, prismatic slip, and pyramidal slip with the rising extrusion temperature.

Quaternary Zinc Alloys with Magnesium, Calcium and Strontium after Hydrostatic Extrusion-Microstructure and Its Impact on Mechanical and Corrosion Properties.

The development of bioabsorbable implants from Zn alloys is one of the main interests in the new generation of biomaterials. The main drawbacks of Zn-based materials are their insufficient mechanical properties. In the presented studies, a quaternary alloy composed of zinc with magnesium (0.2-1 wt. %), calcium (0.1-0.5 wt. %) and strontium (0.05-0.5 wt. %) was prepared by gravity casting followed by hot extrusion and then by hydrostatic extrusion. Microstructural characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) phase analysis was performed. The mechanical properties were examined, using static tensile tests. Corrosion properties were analyzed using immersion tests. Samples were immersed in Hanks' solution (temperature = 37 °C, pH = 7.4) for 14 days. All alloys were subjected after corrosion to SEM observations on the surface and cross-section. The corrosion rate was also calculated. The microstructure of the investigated quaternary alloy consists of the α-Zn grains and intermetallic phases Mg2Zn11, CaZn13 and SrZn13 with different grain sizes and distribution, which impacted both mechanical and corrosion properties. Thanks to the alloying by the addition of Mg, Ca, and Sr and plastic deformation using hydrostatic extrusion, outstanding mechanical properties were obtained along with improvement in uniformity of corrosion rate.

Modification of the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Cu-30%Zn alloy with Cerium and Silicon

This study investigates how the introduction of cerium and silicon influences the structure and mechanical characteristics of Cu-30%Zn alloy. The examined properties included tensile strength, hardness, and impact resistance. The tensile strength of the developed alloys was determined using an automated JPL tensile strength tester (Model: 130812) with a capacity of 100 kilonewtons, following the ASTM D638 standard. The impact strength was assessed by the ASTM D256 standard using a pendulum impact testing machine (Model: U1820). Additionally, hardness testing was conducted using a Brinell tester. The Brinell hardness test was performed with a portable dynamic hardness tester (Model: DHT-6) by the British Standard (BS EN ISO 6505-1:2014). Specimens were prepared by incorporating cerium and silicon into the Cu-30%Zn alloy at concentrations of 0.1wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.5wt%, 1.0wt%, 3.0wt% 5.0wt% ranging from 0.1% to 5.0%, with increments of 0.2% for micro addition and 2.0% for macro addition. Microstructural analysis was performed using an L2003A reflected light metallurgical microscope. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were also utilized to characterize the cast specimens. The findings revealed a proportional increase in tensile strength, impact strength, and hardness strength with the rise in dopant concentrations up to 3.0wt% for cerium and silicon. Also, the analysis uncovered the presence of. primary α-phase, β-phase (intermetallic phases), and fine stable phase. These phase modifications contributed to the enhancement of mechanical properties. Cu-30wt%Zn enriched with 3.0% cerium and silicon demonstrated heightened tensile strength, impact strength, and hardness, making it a recommended choice for engineering applications.

Mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of hot-extruded Zn-5RE (RE = Y, Ho, and Er) alloys for biodegradable bone-fixation applications

Biodegradable Zn alloys have significant application potential for hard-tissue implantation devices owing to their suitable degradation behavior and favorable biocompatibility. Nonetheless, pure Zn and its alloys in the as-cast state are mechanically instable and low in strength, which restricts their clinical applicability. Here, we report the exceptional mechanical, corrosion, and biocompatibility properties of hot-extruded Zn-5RE (wt.%, RE = rare earth of Y; or Ho; or Er) alloys intended for use in biodegradable bone substitutes. The microstructural characteristics, mechanical behavior, corrosion resistance, cytocompatibility, osteogenic differentiation, and capacity of osteogenesis in vivo of the Zn-5RE alloys are comparatively investigated. The Zn-5Y alloy demonstrates the best tensile properties, encompassing a 138 MPa tensile yield strength, a 302 MPa ultimate tensile strength, and 63% elongation, while the Zn-5Ho alloy shows the highest compression yield strength of 260 MPa and Vickers hardness of 104 HV. The Zn-5Er alloy shows a 126 MPa tensile yield strength, a 279 MPa ultimate tensile strength, 52% elongation, a 196 MPa compression yield strength, and a 101 HV Vickers microhardness. Further, the Zn-5Er alloy has a 130 µm per year corrosion rate in electrochemical tests and a 26 µm per year degradation rate in immersion tests, which is the lowest among the tested alloys. It also has the best in vitro osteogenic differentiation ability and capacity for osteogenesis and osteointegration in vivo after implantation in rat femurs among the Zn-5RE alloys, indicating promising potential in load-bearing biodegradable internal bone-fixation applications. Statement of significanceThis work reports the exceptional mechanical, corrosion, and biocompatibility properties of hot-extruded (HE) Zn-5 wt.%–rare earth (Zn-5RE) alloys using single yttrium (Y), holmium (Ho), and erbium (Er) alloying for biodegradable bone-implant applications. Our findings demonstrate that the HE Zn-5Er alloy showed σuts of 279 MPa, tensile yield strength of 126 MPa, elongation of 51.6%, compression yield strength of 196 MPa, and microhardness of 101.2 HV. Further, HE Zn-5Er showed the lowest electrochemical corrosion rate of 130 µm/y and lowest degradation rate of 26 µm/y, and the highest in vitro osteogenic differentiation ability, in vivo osteogenesis, and osteointegration ability after implantation in rat femurs among the Zn-5RE alloys, indicating promising potential in load-bearing biodegradable internal bone-fixation applications.

Simultaneous enhancement of strength and ductility in Al-Zn-Cu casting alloy with trace Mg addition designed by first principle calculation

The Al alloy containing 17 wt% Zn exhibits enhanced strength through Zn precipitation after casting without the need for further aging treatment. DFT (Density Functional Theory) calculations revealed that the addition of Cu and Mg elements to Al-Zn alloy has the potential to stabilize the Zn phase in the Al matrix and reduce the interface energy between the Zn precipitate and Al matrix. Based on these findings, 0.5 wt% Cu and 0.1 wt% Mg were added to the Al-17 wt% Zn alloy. The trace element level of 0.1 wt% Mg addition led to a significant increase in both yield and tensile strength, from 132 to 278 and from 248 to 310 MPa, respectively, compared to the Al-17 wt% Zn alloy with 0.5 wt% Cu. Furthermore, their ductility surpassed 11 %. The trace amount of Mg greatly increased yield and tensile strength, while Cu enhanced the ductility in the Al-Zn alloy after casting without any aging treatment.

A novel biodegradable Zn-0.4Li-0.4Cu alloy with superior strength-ductility synergy and corrosive behavior by laser powder bed fusion

Zinc (Zn) alloys have recently revolutionized and shown promising usage for degradable biomedical implants (BMI). However, due to the low strength of pure Zn, its application in the biomedical industry was limited. In the current research, an innovative biodegradable Zn-0.4Li-0.4Cu alloy produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) with good mechanical properties was investigated. The Zn-0.4Li-0.4Cu alloy showed superior mechanical properties (tensile strength at 296 MPa, yield strength at 260 MPa, and after heat treatment elongation at 8.3 %), a record for biodegradable Zn alloys, as a consequence of grain refinement, second-phase precipitation of intermetallic compounds, and solid solution strengthening. The impacts of Cu and Li on the microstructures, mechanical behaviors, corrosive behavior and deterioration rate of the Zn-0.4Li-0.4Cu alloy were studied. The addition of Cu and inherent fast-cooling rate of the LPBF process are favorable for promoting the nucleation events, leading to the refinement of grains. In addition, the formation of the second-phase precipitates (CuZn4 and ZnLi4) in the matrix was founded to further improve the mechanical properties. Moreover, the alloy showed a consistent degradation manner and a suitable degradation rate of 0.023 mm/year. Based on the findings shown above, the biodegradable Zn-0.4Li-0.4Cu alloy can be a potential candidate for vascular stents and medical applications due to its excellent mechanical properties and adequate degrading behavior.

Effects of soldering temperature and preheating temperature on the properties of Sn–Zn solder alloys using wave soldering

Purpose This study aims to address the problem of low-temperature wave soldering in industry production with Sn-9Zn-2.5 Bi-1.5In alloys and develop qualified process parameters. Sn–Zn eutectic alloys are lead-free solders applied in consumer electronics due to their low melting point, high strength, and low cost. In the electronic assembly industry, Sn–Zn eutectic alloys have great potential for use. Design/methodology/approach This paper explored developing and implementing process parameters for low-temperature wave soldering of Sn–Zn alloys (SN-9ZN-2.5BI-1.5 In). A two-factor, three-level design of the experiments experiment was designed to simulate various conditions parameters encountered in Sn–Zn soldering, developed the nitrogen protection device of waving soldering and proposed the optimal process parameters to realize mass production of low-temperature wave soldering on Sn–Zn alloys. Findings The Sn-9Zn-2.5 Bi-1.5In alloy can overcome the Zn oxidation problem, achieve low-temperature wave soldering and meet IPC standards, but requires the development of nitrogen protection devices and the optimization of a series of process parameters. The design experiment reveals that preheating temperature, soldering temperature and flux affect failure phenomena. Finally, combined with the process test results, an effective method to support mass production. Research limitations/implications In term of overcome Zn’s oxidation characteristics, anti-oxidation wave welding device needs to be studied. Various process parameters need to be developed to achieve a welding process with lower temperature than that of lead solder(Sn–Pb) and lead-free SAC(Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu). The process window of Sn–Zn series alloy (Sn-9Zn-2.5 Bi-1.5In alloy) is narrow. A more stringent quality control chart is required to make mass production. Practical implications In this research, the soldering temperature of Sn-9Zn-2.5 Bi-1.5In is 5 °C and 25 °C lower than Sn–Pb and Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu(SAC0307). To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work was the first time to apply Sn–Zn solder alloy under actual production conditions on wave soldering, which was of great significance for the study of wave soldering of the same kind of solder alloy. Social implications Low-temperature wave soldering can supported green manufacturing widely, offering a new path to achieve carbon emissions for many factories and also combat to international climate change. Originality/value There are many research papers on Sn–Zn alloys, but methods of achieving low-temperature wave soldering to meet IPC standards are infrequent. Especially the process control method that can be mass-produced is more challenging. In addition, the metal storage is very high and the cost is relatively low, which is of great help to provide enterprise competitiveness and can also support the development of green manufacturing, which has a good role in promoting the broader development of the Sn–Zn series.

Tailoring good combinations between strength and ductility in novel Mg−5Sn−2Al−1Zn alloy via different hot extrusion processes

Tailoring good combinations between strength and ductility in novel Mg−5Sn−2Al−1Zn alloy via different hot extrusion processes