3d Transition Metal Research Articles

Prediction of holey graphyne-supported single atom catalyst for nitrogen reduction reaction by interpretable machine learning and first-principles calculations

The electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) with efficient and selective electrocatalysts has emerged as a promising alternative for sustainable ammonia synthesis. In this study, we designed a novel class of single-atom catalysts (SACs), denoted as TM@HGY, by embedding 3d, 4d, and 5d transition metals into synthesized holey graphyne (HGY), and investigated their potential for NRR using a combined approach of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and machine learning. Through stability assessments and a three-step screening strategy, Sc@HGY, V@HGY, and Mo@HGY were identified as promising NRR electrocatalysts. Notably, V@HGY exhibited an exceptionally low limiting potential of −0.16 V, which is superior to all the known NRR SACs supported by graphyne-family members. Machine learning (ML) analysis revealed that the Mendeleev number (Nm), group (G), and d-orbital radius (Rd) of the absorbed metal atom are the primary contributors to the structural stability and catalytic activity of these SACs, and clear strategies for optimizing catalyst design were further suggested based on their intrinsic relationships. This work reveals the significant potential of TM@HGY in NRR, providing powerful guidance for designing high-performance SACs in the field of sustainable ammonia synthesis.

Preparation of amorphous Nd/Dy-based metal organic framework@MXene for solar driven selective photocatalytic and serving as sensor for fluorescence quenching detection, and biological activity

The development of a new Neodymium/Dysprosium metal–organic framework, referred to as Nd/Dy-BTC MOF, based on benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, has been achieved through an in situ growth process on 2D transition metal carbides (MXene) surfaces. This synthesis was conducted via a solvothermal method utilizing a solvent mixture of water, ethanol, and dimethylformamide. The primary objective of this research is to investigate the framework’s efficacy as a photocatalyst for the degradation of anionic dye, as well as its potential for sensing certain explosives. The Nd/Dy-MOF@MXene has been characterized by various analysis techniques. The prepared Nd/Dy-MOF@MXene was utilized as catalyst in selective degradation of methyl orange dye. The study examined the influence of pH and catalyst concentration, revealing that the catalyst achieves peak efficiency of 93.55% when exposed to sunlight in an acidic medium. The reusability of the catalyst shows the highest efficient photocatalyst after four cycles of reusability. The detection of explosives, specifically 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, through photoluminescence techniques has been conducted, utilizing the Stern-Volmer equation to evaluate the quenching efficiency. The findings indicated remarkable efficiency and selectivity of Nd/Dy-MOF@MXene for 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, achieving a quenching efficiency of 91%. Furthermore, the reusability tests demonstrated that Nd/Dy-MOF@MXene exhibits outstanding recyclability, maintaining performance over five cycles. The antibacterial activity of Nd/Dy-MOF@MXene was investigated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains due to indication of medicine properties of Nd/Dy-MOF@MXene. These results paves a way for manufacturing innnovation in near future.

Atomic catalysis meets heterostructure synergy: Unveiling the trifunctional efficacy of transition Metal@WS2/ReSe2

Integrating and advancing renewable energy storage and conversion technologies such as water splitting and rechargeable air-based batteries face significant challenges in finding appropriate catalysts that offer both high activity and low cost. This paper successfully designed efficient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly catalysts that meet the requirements for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic activity by employing two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) interface engineering combined with a single-atom doping strategy. First, the heterostructure was constructed, and its optimal layer spacing (3.13 Å) was determined by calculating the most negative binding energy. These materials were theoretically evaluated using density functional theory (DFT), demonstrating that transition metal (TM) can all be firmly attached to the S1 site of the WS2/ReSe2 Z-scheme heterostructure with favorable binding energies and excellent electronic properties. By comparing the catalysts doped with different metals (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn), the three functional catalysts with the best performance were finally selected: Mn@WS2/ReSe2, Ni@WS2/ReSe2, and Cu@WS2/ReSe2. In particular, Mn@WS2/ReSe2 exhibited exceptional promise as multifunctional catalysts, with overpotentials for the HER/OER/ORR of 0.05/0.29/0.35 V, respectively. The superior catalytic performance of this WS2/ReSe2 Z-scheme heterostructure was attributed to the introduction of TM atoms and the synergistic interaction between rhenium and the TM atoms. This interaction facilitated more efficient electron transfer between the catalyst and the reactants, enhancing the overall catalytic activity. This research is a successful attempt to combine interface engineering with single-atom catalysis (SACs). It provided valuable insights into the design of next-generation multifunctional electrocatalysts, offering a novel approach to address the growing energy demands in an environmentally benign and economically viable way.

Phase-Engineered Transition Metal Dichalcogenides for Highly Efficient Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering.

Phase engineering of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is an attractive avenue to construct new surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. Herein, 2D WS2 and MoS2 monolayers with high-purity distorted octahedral phase (1T') are prepared for highly sensitive SERS detection of analytes (e.g., rhodamine 6G, rhodamine B and crystal violet). 1T'-WS2 and 1T'-MoS2 monolayers show the detection limits of 8.28 × 10-12 and 8.57 × 10-11 M for rhodamine 6G, with the enhancement factors of 4.6 × 108 and 3.9 × 107, respectively, which are comparable to noble-metal substrates, outperforming semiconducting 2H-W(Mo)S2 monolayers and most of the reported non-noble-metal substrates. First-principles density functional theory calculations show that their Raman enhancement effect is mainly ascribed to highly efficient interfacial charge transfer between the 1T'-W(Mo)S2 monolayers and analytes. Our study reveals that 2D TMDs with semimetallic 1T' phase are promising as next-generation SERS substrates.

Phase Transformation on Two-Dimensional MoTe2 Films for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have recently become attractive candidate substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) owing to their atomically flat surfaces and adjustable electronic properties. Herein, large-scale 2D 1T'- and 2H-MoTe2 films were prepared using a chemical vapor deposition method. We found that phase structure plays an important role in the enhancement of the SERS performances of MoTe2 films. 1T'-MoTe2 films showed a strong SERS effect with a detection limit of 1 × 10-9 M for the R6G molecule, which is one order of magnitude lower than that of 2H-MoTe2 films. We demonstrated that the SERS sensitivity of MoTe2 films is derived from the efficient photoinduced charge transfer process between MoTe2 and adsorbed molecules. Moreover, a prohibited fish drug could be detected by using 1T'-MoTe2 films as SERS substrates. Our study paves the way to the development and application of high-performance SERS substrates based on TMD phase engineering.

Synthesis of Ag and Gd Co-doped LaCoO3: Tuning the Optical Bandgap through Quantum Confinement Effect for Outstanding Photocatalytic Activity

Structural defects and tuning in bandgap energy of semiconductors can greatly enhance their catalytic performance as photocatalysts for the removal of various water contaminants. For this purpose, a series of perovskite materials were fabricated. Perovskites have chemical formula A+2B+4(X2-)3, where A site cation is generally an alkaline earth or rare earth metal and B site cation is 3d, 4d, or 5d transition metal. The present study includes the synthesis of LaCoO3, Ag@LaCoO3, Gd@LaCoO3, and Ag/Gd@LaCoO3 by simple co-precipitation route. The prepared materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The average crystallite size and % porosity of Ag/Gd@LaCoO3 were increased to 25 nm and 45% respectively as compared to LaCoO3 (15 nm and 5%) after doping of Ag and Gd in the crystal lattice of pristine LaCoO3. Moreover, the UV-Visible analysis was made to determine the bandgap energy and Urbach energy profiles of fabricated samples. The significant decrease in bandgap energy was noticed for co-doped LaCoO3 i.e. Ag/Gd@LaCoO3 as compared to pure LaCoO3. The calculated bandgap (Eg) values of LaCoO3, Ag@LaCoO3, Gd@LaCoO3, and Ag/Gd@LaCoO3 were 3.11 eV, 2.98 eV, 2.83 eV, and 2.44 eV respectively. The decrement in bandgap energy of Ag/Gd@LaCoO3 could be accredited to the increment in its crystallite size as compared to its other counter parts. The average crystallite size and bandgap energy are in good agreement with each other due to the production of quantum confinement effect in LaCoO3 after doping. Furthermore, the samples were tested for the photocatalytic degradation of bromocresol blue (BCB) and bromocresol green (BCG) under sunlight irradiation of about 60 min. The results of photocatalytic experiments showed 88% and 91% degradation of BCB and BCG respectively by Ag/Gd@LaCoO3 photocatalyst. The enhanced catalytic removal activity of Ag/Gd@LaCoO3 could be assigned to its small bandgap, large crystallite size, high Urbach energy, and high % porosity as compared to pure LaCoO3, Ag@LaCoO3, and Gd@LaCoO3. Hence, Ag/Gd@LaCoO3 can be an efficient photocatalyst for the removal of various industrial effluents.

High salt-resistant and robust MXene@oleylamine/PET composite nonwoven for efficient and long-term solar desalination

2D transition metal carbides/nitrides/carbonitrides (MXenes) have received extensive attention in solar seawater desalination due to their hydrophilicity, 100 % photothermal conversion efficiency, and efficient light-trapping by enhancing localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Nevertheless, the easily oxidizable characteristics of MXenes, along with salt accumulation and structural weakness impede their practical application in solar-driven interfacial evaporators. Herein, a hydrophobic MXene@oleylamine/polyethylene terephthalate (MXene@OAm/PET) nonwoven with long-term operational stability is fabricated via firmly chemical cross-linking between oleylamine (OAm) modified MXene (MXene@OAm) and NH2-PEG-COOH treated PET nonwoven (PEG-PET). The MXene@OAm endows excellent oxidation resistance and hydrophobicity. The prepared MXene@OAm/PET nonwoven which exhibits broad-spectrum solar absorption and high efficiency, can achieve an average evaporation rate in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution at 1.26 kg·m−2·h−1 and no seeable salt deposition during 15 irradiation cycles for 8 h a day indicates its superior salt resistance and long-term stability. Most importantly, after being soaked in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for 40 days, the evaporation rate of MXene@OAm/PET nonwoven still remains stable at around 1.22 kg·m−2·h−1, indicating the significant potential of this prepared nonwoven for long-term seawater desalination and its suitability for industrial applications. Even in industrial wastewater, the evaporation rate can reach 1.27 kg·m−2·h−1. This work demonstrates a successful strategy for achieving high efficiency, stability, and superior salt resistance, which can be potentially utilized in seawater desalination and wastewater treatment.

Multiple electromechanical coupling in wrinkled monolayer MoS2

Abstract The electromechanical coupling of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is crucial for the design of highly efficient optoelectronic devices. However, achieving multiple electromechanical coupling effects in one 2D material remain a major challenge. Here, we investigate the coexistence of energy funneling, piezoelectricity, and flexoelectricity in wrinkled monolayer TMDs through the atomic-bond-relaxation approach. We find that the periodic undulation strain induced by wrinkles can lead to multiple electromechanical coupling properties. The synergistic interaction of energy funneling, piezoelectric, and flexoelectric effects can result in spatially orthogonal charge separation and transport, as well as the suppression of recombination during charge separation and transport processes. Our study provides a new route for the design of 2D material based optoelectronic devices.

A diffusive memristor with two dimensional ZrCl2

Layered transition metal halides have been identified as potential materials for memristors due to their distinctive structure and exceptional electrical properties. However, systematic studies on their preparation processes and properties have been scarce in recent years. This study marks a significant milestone as it successfully synthesizes two-dimensional layered ZrCl2 nanomaterials using chemical vapor deposition techniques. Subsequently, an Ag/ZrCl2/Au diffusion memristor was fabricated utilizing the synthesized ZrCl2 material, followed by comprehensive performance evaluations. The results demonstrate that under DC voltage conditions, the memristor exhibits stable abrupt resistive switching behavior, with a high resistance state to low resistance state ratio reaching up to 103; this stability persists even after 9×104 cycles. Furthermore, after approximately 1000 operating cycles, the memristor displays gradual resistance switching behavior characterized by continuous changes in its resistance value corresponding to variations in voltage levels. Notably, this study successfully emulates key features of biological nociceptors such as "threshold," "no adaptation," and "plasticity." A proposed mechanism based on silver ion migration elucidates the observed resistance switching phenomenon. These research findings underscore broad application prospects for 2D transition metal halides within the realm of memristors, while also offering a novel approach towards developing high-performance and long-life neuromorphic computing devices.

A Sensitive H2O2 Electrochemical Sensor Based on Pd Nanoparticles Decorated Ti2NTx MXene

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a prominent reactive oxygen species in organisms, plays a vital role in regulating fundamental biological activities and actively participates in cellular metabolism and stress response. Gaining insights into the quantifying H2O2 within living organisms has significant implications for human health research. The 2D transition metal nitride (Ti2NTx MXene) exhibits a thin crystal structure and enhanced electrical conductivity. A simple electrochemical sensing method for H2O2 is presented by employing palladium modification on Ti2NTx MXene. Characterization analysis confirmed the successful etching of the Ti2AlN MAX phase into accordion‐like morphology of Ti2NTx MXene by Li+ intercalation, and Pd NPs were uniformly dispersed onto the Ti2NTx MXene nanosheets. Electrochemical analysis revealed that optimal electrochemical detection performance for H2O2 was achieved when Ti2NTx MXene had an optimum Pd modification amount (2 wt%) at −0.4 V, exhibiting excellent stability at low concentrations. The detection limit was determined to be 0.72 µM, with a calculated sensitivity of 0.825 µA µM−1 cm−2. This study establishes the optimal amount of Pd modification and identifies Pd‐Ti2NTx MXene as a promising candidate for electrochemical sensing applications targeting H2O2.

Biomimetic Porous MXene Antibacterial Adsorbents with Enhanced Toxins Trapping Ability for Hemoperfusion.

2D transition metal carbides and nitrides, i.e., MXene, are recently attracting wide attentions and presenting competitive performances as adsorbents used in hemoperfusion. Nonetheless, the nonporous texture and easily restacking feature limit the efficient adsorption of toxin molecules inside MXene and between layers. To circumvent this concern, here a plerogyra sinuosa biomimetic porous titanium carbide MXene (P-Ti3C2) is reported. The hollow and hierarchically porous structure with large surface area benefits the maximum access of toxins as well as trapping them inside the spherical cavity. The cambered surface of P-Ti3C2 prevents layers restacking, thus affording better interlaminar adsorption. In addition to enhanced toxin removal ability, the P-Ti3C2 is found to selectively adsorb more middle and large toxin molecules than small toxin molecules. It possibly originates from the rich Ti-deficient vacancies in the P-MXene lattice that increases the affinity with middle/large toxin molecules. Also, the vacancies as active sites facilitate the production of reactive oxygen under NIR irradiation to promote the photodynamic antibacterial performance. Then, the versatility of P-MXene is validated by extension to niobium carbide (P-Nb2C). And the simulated hemoperfusion proves the practicability of the P-MXene as polymeric adhesives-free adsorbents to eliminate the broad-spectrum toxins.

STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF 2D MOS2 DOPED WITH SELECTED 3d TRANSITION METALS: A DFT STUDY

2D Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) has aroused a lot of intense interest in the recent past, due to the modification capabilities in its structural and electronic properties following the substitutional doping with 3d transition metals. Limited studies exist that have explored transition metal dopants as possible optimization route towards tuning of 2D MoS2 in order to achieve superior structural and electronic properties. In this study, Density Functional Theory has been used to investigate the structural and electronic properties of 2D MoS2 doped with Ti, Fe, Cu, Zn and Cd maintained at a concentration of 2.38% to ensure minimal distortion of structure and stability. Results show negligible changes in lattice constants after substituting the Mo atom with the 3d transitional metal dopants. Further, the energy band gap of 2D MoS2 doped with Ti was found to widen by 6.59% compared to pristine while those doped with Cu, Zn and Cd was found to introduce new states at the edges of valence and conduction bands resulting in band gap narrowing. 2D MoS2 doped with Fe was found to introduce metallic character. Therefore, judicious introduction of dopants in 2D MoS2 can yield in realization of devices for wide range of applications.

The improvement of radar absorption performance in MnxFe3–xO4/PANI/AC nanocomposites by manipulating the composition of 3d transition metal elements

Radar-absorbing materials (RAMs) have been extensively employed, particularly in national security stealth technologies. Even though various novel RAMs have been invented, iron oxides still attract tremendous attention due to their distinctive properties that are suitable for radar absorption applications. However, some development should still be carried out to improve the feasibility of iron oxides as RAMs. In this study, iron oxides-based RAMs were developed by manipulating the composition of 3d metal transition elements, Fe and Mn, which mainly influence the radar absorption performance. We also use a compositing strategy by combining this iron oxide with conductive and dielectric polymer materials to form MnxFe3–xO4/PANI (polyaniline)/AC (activated carbon) nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were synthesized using the coprecipitation method with x = 0–1.2 variation. The RAMs functioned in the X-band frequency range (approximately 7–13 GHz) with a thickness of 2 mm to 5 mm. The MnxFe3–xO4/PANI/AC nanocomposites were successfully fabricated by various examinations. The Mn2+ ion was incorporated into Fe3O4, while the nanocomposites exhibited sphere-like morphologies constructed from MnxFe3–xO4, AC, and PANI having aggregates, granules, and chains forms, respectively. Moreover, the nanocomposite sample exhibited superparamagnetic properties, with the saturation magnetization decreasing with the increase in the Mn2+. Interestingly, the MnxFe3–xO4/PANI/AC nanocomposites with x = 1.2 showed a high radar absorption performance with a reflection loss of –42 dB at 9.3 GHz, which mainly attributed to the magnetic loss mechanism and, thus, makes the obtained nanocomposite very potential for radar absorption applications. We believe our findings could pave the way for the realization of iron oxide-based RAMs for radar absorption applications.

Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and evaluation of the antibacterial activity of 3d transition metal complexes derived from bis(pyrazolyl)methane ligand

Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and evaluation of the antibacterial activity of 3d transition metal complexes derived from bis(pyrazolyl)methane ligand

Two-Dimensional ZrS2 and HfS2 for Making Sub-10 nm High-Performance P-Type Transistors.

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) semiconductors have been recognized as reliable candidates for future sub-10 nm physical gate length field-effect transistors (FETs). However, the device performance of 2D P-type devices is far inferior to that of N-type devices, which seriously hinders the development of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits. Herein, we presented that two new 2D TMDC channel materials, ZrS2 and HfS2, can realize high-performance P-type MOSFETs through first-principles quantum transport simulations. Different from the 2D MoS2 and WSe2, the continuous in-plane p-orbitals at the valence band edge of 2D ZrS2 and HfS2 lead to a small hole effective mass of 0.24 m0. As a result, 2D ZrS2 and HfS2 P-type MOSFETs with 10 nm gate length possess an on-state current (Ion) as high as 2000 μA/μm. Moreover, even when the gate length shrinks to 5 nm, the Ion can also reach ∼1500 μA/μm with the energy delay product ranging from 3 × 10-30 to 1 × 10-29 Js/μm, which are better than many other 2D P-type MOSFETs like MoS2 and WSe2. Our work demonstrates that 2D ZrS2 and HfS2 are competitive channel materials for constructing future sub-10 nm P-type high-performance FETs.

Scalable fabrication of vertically arranged Bi2Se3 crossbar arrays for memristive device applications

Despite the unique advantages of the memristive switching devices based on two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides, scalable growth technologies of such 2D materials and wafer-level fabrication remain challenging. In this work, we present the gold-assisted large-area physical vapor deposition (PVD) growth of Bi2Se3 features for the scalable fabrication of 2D-material-based crossbar arrays of memristor devices. This work indicates that gold layers, prepatterned by photolithography processes, can catalyze PVD growth of few-layer Bi2Se3 with 100-folds larger crystal grain size in comparison with that grown on bare Si/SiO2 substrates. We also present a fluid-guided growth strategy to improve growth selectivity of Bi2Se3 on Au layers. Through the experimental and computational analyses, we identify two key processing parameters, i.e., the distance between Bi2Se3 powder and the target substrate and the distance between the leading edges of the substrate and the substrate holder with a hollow interior, which plays a critical role in realizing large-scale growth. By optimizing these growth parameters, we have successfully demonstrated cm-scale highly-selective Bi2Se3 growth on crossbar-arrayed structures with an in-lab yield of 86%. The whole process is etch- and plasma-free, substantially minimizing the damage to the crystal structure and also preventing the formation of rough 2D-material surfaces. Furthermore, we also preliminarily demonstrated memristive devices, which exhibit reproducible resistance switching characteristics (over 50 cycles) and a retention time of up to 106 s. This work provides a useful guideline for the scalable fabrication of vertically arranged crossbar arrays of 2D-material-based memristive devices, which is critical to the implementation of such devices for practical neuromorphic applications.

Hybridizing engineering strategy of decatungstate III: Transition metal modified carbon quantum dot-regulated photo-catalytic oxidation performance of decatungstate

The selective oxidation of hydrocarbons (RH) by dioxygen (O2) is a very important method for industrial production of bulk oxygen-containing compounds, However, due to the high chemical inertness of RH and O2, achieving this reaction under mild conditions still faces significant challenges. This paper discloses an efficient hybridizing engineering (HE) strategy of decatungstate (DT) with 3d transition metal ions (Mn+=Ni2+, Co2+ or Cu2+)-modified carbon quantum dots (Mn+/CQD) as the dopants. Compared to pure CQD, The Mn+/CQD can more efficiently combine with DT anion to fabricate a high-quality hybrid via electrostatic interactions, thereby bestowing the hybrid with an enhanced visible light response especially the separation efficiency of photo-generated charge pairs. Furthermore, the above hybridization effects of Mn+/CQD on DT anion can be fine-tuned and gradually improved with a change of the metal ion from Cu2+, Co2+ to Ni2+, along with a continuous enhancement of the hybrid's photo-catalytic efficiency in the visible light- triggered selective oxidation of ethylbenzene with O2 in acetonitrile. The best Ni2+/CQD-doped TBADT can achieve ca. 48% ethylbenzene conversion and 87.6% acetophenone selectivity in the presence of 2 M HCl, and it also shows a much higher photo-catalytic activity for the photo-oxidation of toluene, cyclohexane and benzyl alcohol compared to pure TBADT. The HE strategy with Mn+/CQD as the cationized hybridizers is much superior to that with pure CQD or Ni2+ as the hybridizer in hoisting the photo-catalytic performance of DT.

Synergistic signal amplification for HER2 biosensing using tetrahedral DNA nanostructures and 2D transition metal carbon/nitride@Au composites via ARGET ATRP

The rising incidence of breast cancer underscores the critical need for accurate and early detection methods, particularly for key biomarkers like human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Here, a synergistic signal amplification electrochemical biosensor was developed for HER2 detection that utilizes tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDN), 2D transition metal carbon/nitride@Au (MXene@Au) composites, and activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP). Specifically, TDN serves as the substrate, with the aptamer anchored by the MXene@Au composite support matrix. This design facilitates the generation of electrochemical currents through the ARGET ATRP signal amplification strategy. The robustness and high affinity of TDN minimize surface effects on the electrode and enhance target binding. Additionally, the high conductivity of the MXene@Au composites improves the detection sensitivity of the biosensor. The use of the ARGET ATRP strategy further enhances detection sensitivity. The biosensor exhibits a wide detection range from 10 pg·mL−1 to 10 µg·mL−1 with a remarkable detection limit of 0.39 pg·mL−1, verified under optimal experimental conditions. The designed biosensor offers a significant advancement in the field of oncological diagnostics, providing a highly sensitive, low-cost, and simple method for early HER2 detection, thereby potentially improving treatment outcomes for breast cancer patients.

Interface‐Triggered Spin‐Magnetic Effect in Rare Earth Intraparticle Heterostructured Nanoalloys for Boosting Hydrogen Evolution

AbstractRare earth (RE) elements are attractive for spin‐magnetic modulation due to their unique 4 f electron configuration and strong orbital couplings. Alloying RE with conventional 3d transition‐metal (TM) is promising for the fabrication of advanced spin catalysts yet remains much difficulties in preparation, which leads to the mysteries of spin‐magnetic effect between RE and 3d TM on catalysis. Here we define a solid‐phase synthetic protocol for creating RE‐3d TM‐noble metal integrated intraparticle heterostructured nanoalloys (IHAs) with distinct Gd and Co interface within the entire Rh framework, denoted as RhCo−RhGd IHAs. They exhibit interface‐triggered antiferromagnetic interaction, which can induce electron redistribution and regulate spin polarization. Theoretical calculations further reveal that active sites around the heterointerface with weakened spin polarization optimize the adsorption and dissociation of H2O, thus promoting alkaline hydrogen evolution catalysis. The RhCo−RhGd IHAs show a small overpotential of 11.3 mV at 10 mA cm−2, as well as remarkable long‐term stability, far superior to previously reported Rh‐based catalysts.

Interface-Triggered Spin-Magnetic Effect in Rare Earth Intraparticle Heterostructured Nanoalloys for Boosting Hydrogen Evolution.

Rare earth (RE) elements are attractive for spin-magnetic modulation due to their unique 4 f electron configuration and strong orbital couplings. Alloying RE with conventional 3d transition-metal (TM) is promising for the fabrication of advanced spin catalysts yet remains much difficulties in preparation, which leads to the mysteries of spin-magnetic effect between RE and 3d TM on catalysis. Here we define a solid-phase synthetic protocol for creating RE-3d TM-noble metal integrated intraparticle heterostructured nanoalloys (IHAs) with distinct Gd and Co interface within the entire Rh framework, denoted as RhCo-RhGd IHAs. They exhibit interface-triggered antiferromagnetic interaction, which can induce electron redistribution and regulate spin polarization. Theoretical calculations further reveal that active sites around the heterointerface with weakened spin polarization optimize the adsorption and dissociation of H2O, thus promoting alkaline hydrogen evolution catalysis. The RhCo-RhGd IHAs show a small overpotential of 11.3 mV at 10 mA cm-2, as well as remarkable long-term stability, far superior to previously reported Rh-based catalysts.