Amino Groups Research Articles

The influence of amino anchoring position on SnO2/biochar for electroreduction of CO2 to HCOOH

Biochar derived from biomass resources as a carrier to load SnO2 for electroreduction of CO2 not only can benefit carbon emissions, but it also can achieve waste utilization. However, the weak CO2 mass transfer and conductivity ability of SnO2/biochar limits its applications to such eCO2RR processes. This study focused on modifying SnO2/biochar with amino groups and investigated the effects of positioning of amino groups on the catalyst’s physicochemical properties and electrocatalytic behaviors. Elemental analysis revealed that anchoring amino groups on biochar (SnO2/C-NHx) is advantageous for increasing amounts of amino groups attached, thereby enhancing biochar adsorption energy and subsequently increasing the loading of Sn. The CO2 adsorption curve indicated that amino groups anchored on biochar facilitate CO2 adsorption due to high specific surface area of biochar. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that amino groups anchored on SnO2 (NHx-SnO2/C) resulted in highly electron-rich centers on Sn, which promoted electron transfer between the catalyst and CO2. Electrochemical tests demonstrated the improved performance of amino-modified SnO2/biochar. SnO2/C-NHx exhibited enhanced Faraday efficiency, whereas NHx-SnO2/C showed higher current density. The disparity in electrochemical performance can be mainly attributed to the different selectivity towards rate-controlling steps of electron transfer and mass transfer induced by the various positions of amino groups anchoring.

Deciphering the Two-Step Hydride Mechanism of Monoamine Oxidase Flavoenzymes.

The complete two-step hydride transfer mechanism of amine oxidation involved in the metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters was scrutinized by DFT calculations. In living organisms, this process is catalyzed by monoamine oxidase enzymes. Herein, we focus on some intriguing aspects of the reaction that may have been previously noticed but have not been clarified to date. The first step of the reaction includes the C-H bond cleavage on the methylene group vicinal to the amino group of the monoamine substrate and the subsequent transfer of hydrogen to the N5 atom of the flavin prosthetic group of the enzyme. We confirmed the nature of this step to be hydride transfer by evaluation of the pertinent HOMO-LUMO gap together with analysis of orbital contours alongside the intrinsic reaction coordinate profile. Next, we investigated the rather peculiar intermediate adduct that may form between the amine substrate and the flavin molecule, featuring an unusually long C-N bond of ∼1.62 Å. Although this bond is quite stable in the gas phase, the presence of just a few explicit water molecules facilitates its dissociation almost without energy input so that the amine-flavin intermediate can form an ionic pair instead. We attribute the existence of the unusual C-N bond to a fragile balance between opposing electronic structure effects, as evaluated by the natural bond orbital analysis. In line with this, the intermediate in the solution or in the enzyme active site can exist in two energetically almost equivalent forms, namely, as a covalently bound complex or as an ion pair, as suggested by previous studies. Finally, we characterized the transformation of the intermediate to the fully reduced flavin and imine products via proton transfer from the amino group to the flavin N1 atom, completing the reductive part of the catalytic cycle. Although we found that explicit solvation substantially boosts the kinetics of this step, the corresponding barrier is significantly lower than that in the hydride transfer step, confirming hydrogen abstraction as the rate-limiting step of amine oxidation and validating the two-step hydride transfer mechanism of monoamine oxidases.

A High-capacity Benzoquinone Derivative Anode for All-organic Long-cycle Aqueous Proton Batteries.

Quinone compounds, with the ability to uptake protons, are promising electrodes for aqueous batteries. However, their application is limited by the mediocre working potential range and inferior rate performance. Herein, we examined quinones bearing different substituents, and for the first time introduce tetraamino-1,4-benzoquinone (TABQ) as anode material for proton batteries. The strong electron-donating amino groups can effectively narrow the band gap and negatively shift the redox potentials of quinone material. The protonation of amino groups and the amorphization of structure result in the formation of an intermolecular hydrogen-bond network, supporting Grotthuss-type proton conduction in the electrode with a low activation energy of 192.7 meV. The energy storage mechanism revealed by operando FT-IR and ex-situ XPS features a reversible quinone-hydroquinone conversion during cycling. TABQ demonstrates a remarkable specific capacity of 307 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1, which is the highest among organic proton electrodes. An all-organic proton battery of TABQ//TCBQ has also been developed, achieving exceptional stability of 3500 cycles at room temperature and excellent performance at sub-zero temperatures.

Elucidating the Antiglycation Effect of Creatine on Methylglyoxal-Induced Carbonyl Stress In Vitro.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with multiple structures are formed at the sites where carbonyl groups of reducing sugars bind to free amino groups of proteins through the Maillard reaction. In recent years, it has been highlighted that the accumulation of AGEs, which are generated when carbonyl compounds produced in the process of sugar metabolism react with proteins, is involved in various diseases. Creatine is a biocomponent that is homeostatically present throughout the body and is known to react nonenzymatically with α-dicarbonyl compounds. This study evaluated the antiglycation potential of creatine against methylglyoxal (MGO), a glucose metabolite that induces carbonyl stress with formation of AGEs in vitro. Further, to elucidate the mechanism of the cytoprotective action of creatine, its effect on the accumulation of carbonyl proteins in the cells and the MGO-induced cellular damage were investigated using neuroblastoma cells. The results revealed that creatine significantly inhibits protein carbonylation by directly reacting with MGO, and creatine added to the culture medium suppressed MGO-derived carbonylation of intracellular proteins and exerted a protective effect on MGO-induced cytotoxicity. These findings suggest that endogenous and supplemented creatine may contribute to the attenuation of carbonyl stress in vivo.

Facile, sustainable, and innovative inclusion of a highly fluorescent isoindole-sulfonate-based probe for the quantification of fluvoxamine, a CNS antidepressant drug; comprehensive method sustainability evaluation

The suggested study employs a specific technique to ensure the sustainability and ecological friendliness of an analyte evaluation procedure. The utilization of various recently developed methodologies as potential indicators of ecological sustainability and feasibility necessitates attention and consideration. The established analytical methodology employs a novel reagent mixture composed of phthalic dialdehyde and sulfite ion. This reagent is used to create a new fluorescent core that can be monitored using fluorimetric techniques at a wavelength of 385 nm after being excited at 320 nm. Condensation of the amino group of fluvoxamine can occur in a pH-controlled solution containing phthalaldehyde/sulfite. The present investigation presents a new, environmentally sustainable, and accurate fluorometric technique for identifying the medication. A linear relationship was detected for fluvoxamine over the 0.06–1.50 μg mL−1 concentration range. The method's validation and quantum yield determination were assessed following the International Council for Harmonization's (I.C.H.) established guidelines. The results exhibit remarkable precision and accuracy, consistent with the different methodologies published in the literature. Subsequently, an assessment was conducted to evaluate the environmental sustainability of the suggested technique, employing a range of contemporary indicators for determining environmental safety. The WAC concept, which combines ecological and operational elements and makes use of the Green/Red/Blue (RGB 12) scheme, interestingly identifies the current analytical method as white. Finally, BAGI, a novel tool for evaluating the method's applicability, was used in this study and showed that the planned method achieved a high applicability score.

Catalytic Assistance of the Free Amino Groups of Monomers in the Reaction of Producing Biodegradable Polyurethanes from Amines and Cyclocarbonates

Catalytic Assistance of the Free Amino Groups of Monomers in the Reaction of Producing Biodegradable Polyurethanes from Amines and Cyclocarbonates

A systematic study of fluorescent coumarin sensors for the detection of aqueous copper ions and aqueous hydrogen sulphide

ABSTRACT The induced quenching in fluorescence upon addition of copper (Cu2+) ions and subsequent regain with aqueous hydrogen sulphide (HS−) was studied with a series of coumarin di(picolyl)amine-based compounds, with varying electron withdrawing/donating abilities. The coumarin analogue with an amino group at the 7-position was the most emissive, followed by the methoxy-variant with both the t-butyl- and difluoro-variants being weakly emissive. The amino-variant was also most responsive to quenching upon the addition of Cu2+ ions and was the most responsive to the subsequent addition of HS− ions. All compounds were shown to form predominately a 1:1 copper(II) complex, supported by mass spectral studies and X-ray crystallography. This investigation sheds light on the structural aspects of the copper-sensor interactions and subsequent copper sequestration, contributing to the understanding of their fluorescence properties and potential applications in sensing and imaging.

Optical and Chiroptical Stimuli-Responsive Chiral AgNPs@H-Leu-Poly(phenylacetylene) Nanocomposites in Water.

Dynamic macroscopically chiral nanocomposites are prepared by combining silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and dynamic helical poly(phenylacetylene)s (PPAs) bearing pendants functionalized with amino groups. These amino groups provide the nanocomposite with the ability to disperse in water along with high stability due to the interaction between the ammonium group and the AgNP. Moreover, the equilibrium between NH3+/NH2 produces a "blinking" contact between the PPA and the AgNPs, which allows total control of the dynamic helical behavior of the polymer. The use of acidic or neutral pH allows controlling the morphology of the nanocomposite, which consists of a nanosphere that has trapped inside it a single AgNP (pH = 2) or several AgNPs (pH = 7) with ca. 30 nm of diameter. These nanocomposites combine the optical and chiroptical stimuli-responsive properties of both components, AgNPs and PPAs. Thus, the controlled aggregation of the nanocomposite produced variations in the LSPR band of the AgNPs in a reversible manner. In turn, given that the chiral coating is selective to Ba2+, the presence of this metal ion caused a helical inversion of the chiral coating of the nanocomposite detected by electronic circular dichroism. Moreover, it is possible to distinguish between three metal ions in different oxidation states, such as Ce4+, Fe3+, and Hg2+, which produce different responses of the nanocomposite when oxidizing the AgNP to Ag+.

Construction of nano-cage imprinted sites in MOFs-based membrane for precise identification and separation

Here, ribavirin (RBV) was introduced into metal organic frameworks (MOFs) in this instance to direct the in situ fabrication of appropriate nanocage structures to facilitate the targeted binding of RBV. Well-designed nano-caged RBV imprinted membranes (NCRIMs) have remarkable antifouling capabilities and can selectively separate RBV from wastewater generated by the RBV production process by constructing imprinting sites inside the molecule. Polydopamine (PDA) is rich in hydrophilic groups (hydroxyl and amino groups) that interact with water molecules via hydrogen bonding, thereby generating a hydrate layer on the membrane surface. The synthesized RBV imprinted sites were homogeneously scattered at the interface and inside of the membrane, resulting in a satisfactory selectivity. Notably, methacrylic acid and acrylamide act as functional monomers that synergistically promote the ability to selectively recognise RBV imprinting sites. It was demonstrated that NCRIMs had favourable rebinding selectivity (αRBV/ACV = 3.28, αRBV/AZT = 2.48, αRBV/LAM = 3.72) as well as partial selectivity (βRBV /LAM = 9.48, βRBV/AZT = 8.20, βRBV/ACV = 2.95), indicating the potential of NCRIMs in practical application. What is significant is that the cooperative imprinting and modification methods devised in this study offer directions for the selective isolation of valuable components from complex environments, as well as a reference towards the design of potentially highly resistant membranes.

The effects of different functional groups in Ni3-cluster MOFs on the efficient capture and transformation for flue gas CO2

As the greenhouse effect continuous increasing, the efficient CO2 capture and conversion into high-value fine chemicals have been necessary and meaningful. However, the CO2 coupling reaction always requires harsh catalytic reaction conditions and focuses on pure CO2 gas. Herein, three nickel-cluster metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with different functional groups on the bridging-ligands have been synthesized and characterized structurally, presenting unique cages and channels architectural features. Catalytic investigations demonstrated that the amino-functionalized MOFs as a catalyst {[H2N(CH3)2]2[Ni3(µ3-O)(XN)(BDC-NH2)3∙7DMF}n (Ni3-NH2, XN = 6′′-(pyridin4-yl)-4,2′′:4′′,4′′′-terpyridine, H2BDC-NH2 = 2-aminoterephthalic acid) owns higher catalytic activity (96 %) than the other two in the CO2 transformation reaction with aziridine into oxazolidinones under 0.5 MPa within 4 h. Moreover, Ni3-NH2 can be reused at least ten times without significant catalytic activity loss under mild condition. Importantly, Ni3-NH2 catalyst still can be applicable to the simulating flue gas with 15 % CO2 as carbon source. The mechanism has been further revealed by NMR, FT-IR and DFT calculations, in which the Ni-site and the amino group can synergistically activate the substrate and CO2 molecule. This work has enriched the species of cluster-based MOFs and investigated the influence of characteristic functional groups on the catalytic activity deeply.

Tunnel silicon oxynitride phase transformation for n-type polysilicon passivating contacts in crystalline silicon solar cells

The study investigates the fabrication and characterization of tunnel oxynitride (TON) layers produced using Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) at different pressure and power variations. The aim is to explore TON layers as potential substitutes for conventional SiO2 in Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCon) solar cells. Foe this purpose, an effective oxide thickness (EOT) of 1.1–1.2 nm and 1.5–1.6 nm has been achieved by treating the TON samples with NH3 and N2 gas plasma, respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed critical variations in the chemical bonding within TON layers, which exhibit different properties based on the deposition conditions. The presence of nitrogen-nitrogen and nitrogen–hydrogen bonds is prominently influenced by changes in the PECVD parameters, directly affecting the layer’s optical and electronic properties. Notably, the presence of hydroxyl (O–H) and amino (NH2) groups within the TON structure suggests an improvement in surface passivation, essential for optimizing solar cell performance and durability. A lifetime of 737 and 823 μs has been recorded for N2 and NH3 samples, compared to the NAOS 710 μs reference sample. NH3 plasma-treated samples show an improved iVoc of 736 mV, indicating better phase transformation and passivation quality than N2 plasma treatment and the NAOS reference sample.

Sustainable ammonia and amines from chitin

Efforts are underway to explore alternative methods to the Haber-Bosch process for sustainable ammonia production, while the potential for ammonia extraction from natural nitrogenous biomass is under-exploited. Here, a synergistic catalytic strategy involving acid and modified Ru-based catalysts is communicated for the direct production of amines and ammonia from chitin. Phosphoric acid promotes the cleavage of ether bonds in biomass polymers and also serves to protect amino groups from being removed. Selective hydrogenation, deoxygenation, and amination can be achieved by controllably adjusting the ratio of Ru0/Run+. The utilization of nitrogen atoms in chitin can reach up to 95 % (21 % amines, 74 % ammonium), and the catalytic process is applicable to waste shrimp shells. This study demonstrates the possibility of efficient production of nitrogen-containing compounds from abundant biopolymers.

1-(3-Aminopropyl) imidazole (APIm) modified ultrafiltration (UF) membrane for mitigating alginate fouling caused by calcium

UF is widely used as a wastewater treatment and recycling technology. However, membrane fouling is still an important factor affecting the wide application. In this study, APIm with positive amino group was adsorbed to the surface of the carboxylated polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane by electrostatic force to reduce the fouling of sodium alginate (SA) caused by Ca2+. The results show that 1 v/v% APIm was selected as the optimal dosage, accompanied by the highest water flux of 330.5 L·m-2h−1 bar−1 and bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection rate of 91.0 %. When the concentration of Ca2+ was increased to 10 mM, the Ca2+ catch amount increased to 48.25 mg/cm2. The main anti-fouling mechanism was that APIm captured a certain amount of Ca2+ in situ, destroyed the complex structure of sodium alginate (SA) and Ca2+. Then the fouling layer was easy to be removed by physical cleaning. At the concentration of 10 mM Ca2+, the membrane flux recovery rate of 1 v/v% APIm membrane was increased to 80.1 %. This study demonstrates a fouling control strategy for in-situ removal of Ca2+ bound SA fouling, providing a new approach for the future development of UF membrane.

Amino-Alkyl Group Dual-Functional Modification Synergistically Regulated Lipase-Carrier Interactions and Enhanced Phytosterol Ester Synthesis Efficiency.

Precisely controlling enzyme conformation to enhance catalytic performance is a highly sought-after yet challenging goal in the immobilization of biocatalysts. Excessively strong enzyme-carrier interactions can restrict enzyme dynamics and reduce catalytic efficiency, while excessively weak interactions may lead to enzyme leakage, thereby reducing reusability. In this study, we developed a novel strategy to finely regulate the interaction between the carrier and the enzyme through the adjustment of the ratio of amino and octadecyl functional groups. The expressed activity of the novel immobilized lipase, CRL@AOMR, was 1.32- and 2.34-fold higher than that of the monofunctional macroporous resin. Moreover, the synthesis of various phytosterol esters in solvent-free systems was conducted as a model reaction to investigate the utilization of CRL@AOMR in different reactions. Under optimized conditions, an impressive yield of 96.1% for phytosterol oleate was achieved and a yield of 76.2% was maintained even after six cycles of utilization (288 h). This study demonstrates the potential feasibility of developing immobilization strategies via dual modification of amino and alkyl groups, which is a potential general strategy for other enzymes with surface lysine.

Adsorption of Cr(VI) and phosphate anions by amino-functionalized palm oil fibers.

This work developed a novel sustainable adsorbent (PF-Aq) prepared by the amino-functionalization of palm oil fibers (PF). XPS, SEM/EDS, TGA/DSC, and FT-IR techniques proved the successful functionalization of the PF with the amino group. The PF-Aq adsorbent presents a high adsorption capacity for phosphate and Cr(VI) ions. Adsorption kinetics of the ions onto the PF-Aq followed the general-order models, with 240- and 300-min equilibrium times for phosphate and Cr(VI), respectively. The Freundlich equilibrium model can explain the adsorption of phosphate and Cr(VI) on the PF-Aq. Besides, the maximum adsorption capacities were 151.07mgg-1 for phosphate and 206.08mgg-1 for Cr(VI). The best pH for the adsorption of both ions on PF-Aq was 4.0. Interestingly, adsorption was exothermic for phosphate and endothermic for Cr(VI). The adsorption capacities were reduced by 16% for phosphate and 10% for Cr(VI) after 5 adsorption-desorption cycles, demonstrating the good recyclability of the PF-Aq. It can be concluded that PF-Aq is a relevant adsorbent to uptake phosphate and Cr(VI) from water due to its high adsorption capacity, low cost, recyclability, availability, and fast kinetics. Finally, the excellent adsorption potential results from inserting amino groups in the PF, allowing electrostatic interactions between adsorbent and adsorbate.

Study on the adsorption process and kinetic, thermodynamic of bio-based waste cattle hair powder toward acidic complex dye.

In this paper, cattle hair waste (CHW) was collected and physically milled into different meshes of ultrafine cattle hair powder (UCHP). The reuse of CHW reaches the purpose of treating pollution with waste by using bio-base adsorbent. It was characterized by using scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The adsorption studies were carried out under different conditions of temperature, time, pH, concentration of dye solution, mesh size, and dosage of cattle hair powder, respectively. The pseudo-first and pseudo-secondary kinetics and intra-particle diffusion models were employed to analyze the adsorption kinetic. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin adsorption isotherm was used to analyze the adsorption isotherm. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of UCHP for acidic metal complex (Trupoxane Brown R6) dyes increased with the decreasing pH solution. The adsorption capacity of 200 mesh UCHP was 379.5mg.g-1 when the adsorption conditions were as follows: 100mL dye solution with the initial concentration of 1000mg·L-1, the dosage of adsorbent was 0.1g, the pH was 3 for 12h at 40°C. The kinetic model fitting results showed that the adsorption of dyes by UCHP conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Adsorption thermodynamics study showed that the Langmuir model has the highest fitting result. The amino group contained on the surface of cattle hair powder and the amide bond contained in the molecular chain of peptide chain have better electrostatic adsorption binding force for acid metal complex dyes, and the binding between them is mainly electrostatic attraction. The experimental results show that the ultrafine powder has better adsorption property, which provides a high-value conversion way for recycling waste cattle hair.

Bio-adsorption of Fe (II) by dry biomass of metal-tolerant haloarchaeon Haloferax alexandrinus GUSF-1.

Mining-associated activities result in iron pollution exceeding the acceptable limit of 0.3 mg L- 1 and are rampant in estuarine soil and water bodies that harbor halophilic microorganisms. Biotechnologies are underway to unveil the concentrations and recover the metals that skip existing physico-chemical methods. Concerning this, the present study describes for the first time the development of a bio-adsorption batch system using dried cells of Haloferax alexandrinus GUSF-1 for Fe (II) from saline water under microaerophilic conditions. A maximum of 99.5% Fe (II) was adsorbed at pH 6.0, 30 ºC in 3h with 92% efficiency over three adsorption-desorption cycles with saturation and pseudo-second-order kinetics and heterogeneity of Freundlich model having KF of 1.38 mg g- 1 with the n value of 0.96. Adsorbed Fe (II) by the cells was detected by scanning electron microscopy. The involvement of the carboxyl, amino, hydroxyl, and phosphate groups of the cells in interaction with the metal ions was detected by infrared spectroscopy. Conclusively, the study is the first report of whole dried cells mediated metal adsorption by the haloarcheon Haloferax alexandrinus GUSF-1 which acts as promising candidate for metal clean-up strategy and bioremediation in hypersaline ecosystems.

Chitin Nanowhisker/Gold Nanocluster Hybrids with an Excellent Dispersion Stability via Poly(ethylene glycol) Grafting.

Hybrid nanoparticles composed of chitin nanowhiskers (ChNWs) and gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) having an improved stability were prepared. The grafting of monomethoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) and subsequent surface adsorption of AuNCs enabled the steric stabilization of ChNW/AuNC hybrids. mPEGs with terminal formyl groups and diethylacetal protecting groups were grafted via in situ deprotection and reductive amination with the surface amino groups (SAGs) of ChNWs. The treatment of chitin with a 30% sodium hydroxide solution improved the SAG contents of the ChNWs obtained from acid hydrolysis, resulting in an enhancement in mPEG grafting. The obtained sterically stabilized ChNW/AuNC hybrids exhibited remarkable dispersion stability at higher AuNC and electrolyte concentrations.

Enhanced proton transfer in proton exchange membrane fuel cells via novel nanocomposite membrane incorporating (3-Mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane-graphene oxide and basic amino ligands: A synergistic acid-base approach

A nanocomposite polymer electrolyte membrane (MGC) was synthesized by blending MPTS (HS(CH2)3Si(OCH3)3) and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets at varying weight ratios (91.5 to 9.5, respectively) for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) applications. By covalently modifying the GO support with MPTS through a silane modification process, the acidic MGC matrix is formed. The blending process, with ultrasonication and vigorous stirring, initiates two significant reactions in reactive MPTS: first, the conversion of methoxy groups (Si–OCH3) to silanols (Si-OH); second, the potential condensation of silanol groups to form siloxane bonds (Si–O–Si), followed by oxidation of sulfhydryl groups to sulfonic acid (-SO3H) groups by hydrogen peroxide. The resulting -SO3H groups connected to the siloxane network (Si-O-Si) adjacent to the GO. Two basic amino ligands – dopamine, and aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (APTES) were incorporated into the MGC matrix to establish acid-base pairs, promoting swift proton transport. These additions, at weight ratios of (0.5, 1, 2, and 7) wt%, synergistically contributed to the MGC matrix, forming effective proton channels. Various analytical techniques, including field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), were employed to assess the impact of functionalized basic amino groups on the MGC matrix. Notably, the MGC membrane containing 2 wt% of PDA as basic amino ligands exhibited optimal performance, showcasing an in-plane proton conductivity of 115.10 mS cm-1 under fully hydrated conditions at 90 °C, and the maximum power density (MPD) of 170.74 mW cm-2 with a current density of 1051.46 mA cm-2 at 60 °C and 100 % relative humidity (RH). In contrast, the MGC membrane, devoid of amino ligands, exhibited a comparatively low in-plane conductivity of 44.32 mS cm⁻¹ under identical conditions at 90 °C. Additionally, it recorded the MPD of 48.5 mW cm⁻², corresponding to a current density of 313.25 mA cm⁻² at 60 °C and 100 % RH. This study introduces an innovative approach for developing high-performance nanocomposite membranes for PEMs and related applications.

Preparation of new green poly (amino amide) based on cellulose nanoparticles for adsorption of Congo red and its adaptive neuro-fuzzy modeling

In this study, a novel green poly(amino amide) nanoparticle based on cellulose nanoparticles (Cell-PAMN) was developed for the efficient adsorption of Congo Red dye. Cellulose nanocrystals obtained from acid hydrolysis of cotton linter were functionalized via Oxa-Michael addition of acrylamide on their surface hydroxyl groups, followed by transamidation with ethylenediamine. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM, and X-ray diffraction techniques. The as-prepared Cell-PAMN exhibited considerably higher adsorption capacity compared to unmodified cellulose nanoparticles due to the presence of amino and amide functional groups. The adsorption kinetics and the effects of parameters such as contact time and initial dye concentration on the adsorption capacity were investigated. An adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy model was used to study the efficiency of dye removal, accurately predicted the adsorption behavior of Cell-PAMN. The kinetic study results showed that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of around 40 mg/g. The results demonstrated the potential of the synthesized material for the removal of Congo Red from aqueous solutions, highlighting its applicability in wastewater treatment. This research contributes to the development of sustainable and eco-friendly materials for environmental remediation applications.