3D Projection System Research Articles

Robotized technologies for enhanced shipyard operations: challenges and solutions

Large component manufacturing relies heavily on manual operations and human workers. Human-centric solutions can preserve industry-specific knowledge, extend capabilities, and improve job performance. Three robotized technologies were developed for shipyard operations: ABB™ and KUKA™ robot hand-guiding systems (HGS), a lightweight collaborative system for plasma cutting, and a cost-effective 3D projection system for retrofitting. These technologies were developed at the open didactic factory, which served as platforms for rapid technological advancement. The HGS was integrated with ABB™ and KUKA™, and the 3D projection technology and lightweight collaborative system offered a cost-effective solution for small and medium shipyards. However, transitioning to non-flat surfaces presents challenges due to geometric variations and discrepancies between the computer-aided design model and the actual component.

Calibrating Laser Three-Dimensional Projection Systems Using Binocular Vision.

A laser three-dimensional (3D) projection system is an auxiliary system in intelligent manufacturing. It works with a positioning system in practical applications. This study proposes a calibration method for laser 3D projection systems based on binocular vision. The significance of the binocular vision positioning function for the calibration process was analyzed. Two calibration methods for laser 3D projection systems based on the binocular vision positioning function were proposed. One method involves simplified calculation models and another used data to solve the conversion relationship. The experimental calibration of the projection system was performed using data to directly solve the conversion relationship. The experiment demonstrated the simplicity of the proposed calibration method. The calculation time was less under the 3D laser projection system based on binocular vision. Moreover, the mean calibration error was 0.38 mm at a working distance of 1.8-2.2 m.

Simplified retinal 3D projection rendering method and system.

A simplified rendering method and system for retinal 3D projection using view and depth information is proposed and demonstrated. Instead of vertex calculations, image-based techniques, including sub-image shifting, image fusion, and hole filling, combined with the depth information, are used to render the multi-view images in a display space with specific discrete depth coordinates. A set of time-division multiplexing retinal 3D projection systems with dense viewpoints is built. A near-eye display of a 3D scene with complex occlusion relationships is realized using the rendering method and system. The eye box of the retinal projection system is enlarged, and the accommodation response of the eyes is evoked at the same time, which improves the visual experience. Rendering tests are carried out using simple and complex models, which proves the effectiveness of this method. Comparative experiments prove that the proposed retinal projection method can obtain high-performance 3D images comparable to the super multi-view display method while simplifying the rendering process. Additionally, the depth of field of the experimental system can cover most of the vergence accommodation conflict sensitive range of the human eye.

Automatic Localization of Elevation Values in a Poor Quality Topographic Map

A topographic sheet hosts various morphological features that effectively describe the terrain. This multi-faced information content not only elevates human perception but also provides ample direction for research initiatives. Out of all possible attributes based on utility, contours have wide set of application. A contour is characterized by its coordinate system and most importantly, its elevation detail. Upon, successful attainment of these two attributes, creating a fully automatic 3D projection system may be achieved with relative ease. In contrast to the traditional manual approach, this research initiative puts forward a novel mechanism for automatically localizing contour and its attributes including coordinate pattern and elevation value in a referenced map. To accomplish the aforementioned objectives, the proposed mechanism relies on various image processing techniques based on morphological operations. Further, the extracted details can be used to project the contours in a 3D space. This projection is also called Digital Elevation Model (DEM). DEM is crucial for various applications such as Terrain Modeling, Hydrological Modeling, Path Optimization, to name a few. Automatically and accurately created DEM from topographic sheet could contribute a lot in many Geographical Information System (GIS) applications. This paper focuses mainly on elevation value localization associated with specific contour.

Avaliação microbiológica das técnicas de higienização empregadas em óculos 3D, reutilizáveis em cinemas de Salvador, Bahia

Introdução: Os novos sistemas de projeção 3D em cinemas trouxeram adequações aos óculos, passando a ser reutilizáveis e não mais descartáveis. Assim, surgiram questionamentos a respeito de possíveis infecções cruzadas a partir dessa reutilização. Apesar da obrigatoriedade legal da higienização dos óculos, esta é deixada a critério dos próprios cinemas. Objetivo: Esse artigo tem como objetivo avaliar a efetividade da higienização empregada em óculos 3D de cinemas em Salvador, Bahia. Metodologia: As coletas das amostras para análises microbiológicas foram realizadas em óculos 3D não higienizados e higienizados, considerando as formas de higienização empregada nestes (manual e automatizada), sendo analisadas bactérias Gram negativas e Gram positivas, além de coliformes termotolerantes. Resultados: Foram identificados 12 microrganismos dentre as amostras analisadas. Foi observada diferença significativa na frequência de bactérias entre óculos higienizados e não higienizados, porém não houve diferença significativa quanto ao método de higienização. Discussão: as bactérias mais frequentemente encontradas fazem parte da microbiota da superfície ocular, porém em determinadas condições podem se tornar patogênicas oferecendo riscos ao seu hospedeiro. Conclusão: o microrganismo mais frequente nos óculos 3D é Staphylococcus coagulase negativo; a higienização apresenta redução significante na frequência de microrganismos, seja por método manual ou automatizado. Palavras-chave: Óculos. Cinema. Higienização. Contaminação. Bactérias.

A 3D projection system based on complementary multiband bandpass filter

A 3D projection system based on Complementary Multiband Bandpass Filter (CMBF) is proposed in this paper, which enables viewers to gain 3D experience through special glasses. Different from the time-multiplex or the spatial-multiplex system, it is a spectrum-multiplex system using pairs of CMBFs. The three pairs of complementary bandpass of a pair of CMBFs can be designed to cover the three spectrum ranges of RGB individually and in each pair the two bandpass nearly do not overlap. In this paper, a 3D projection system is built from two ordinary projectors and its spectrum, brightness and crosstalk have been measured. The average crosstalk is 3%, meeting the basic requirement of crosstalk in 3D display which is less than 10%.

Foundations of Advanced Neuroanatomy: Technical Guidelines for Specimen Preparation, Dissection, and 3D-Photodocumentation in a Surgical Anatomy Laboratory.

Objective This study was aimed to provide a key update to the seminal works of Prof. Albert L. Rhoton Jr., MD, with particular attention to previously unpublished insights from the oral tradition of his fellows, recent technological advances including endoscopy, and high-dynamic range (HDR) photodocumentation, and, local improvements in technique, we have developed to optimize efficient neuroanatomic study. Methods Two formaldehyde-fixed cadaveric heads were injected with colored latex to demonstrate step-by-step specimen preparation for microscopic or endoscopic dissection. One formaldehyde-fixed brain was utilized to demonstrate optimal three-dimensional (3D) photodocumentation techniques. Results Key steps of specimen preparation include vessel cannulation and securing, serial tap water flushing, specimen drainage, vessel injection with optimized and color-augmented latex material, and storage in 70% ethanol. Optimizations for photodocumentation included the incorporation of dry black drop cloth and covering materials, an imaging-oriented approach to specimen positioning and illumination, and single-camera stereoscopic capture techniques, emphasizing the three-exposure-times-per-eye approach to generating images for HDR postprocessing. Recommended tools, materials, and technical nuances were emphasized throughout. Relative advantages and limitations of major 3D projection systems were comparatively assessed, with sensitivity to audience size and purpose specific recommendations. Conclusion We describe the first consolidated step-by-step approach to advanced neuroanatomy, including specimen preparation, dissection, and 3D photodocumentation, supplemented by previously unpublished insights from the Rhoton fellowship experience and lessons learned in our laboratories in the past years such that Prof. Rhoton's model can be realized, reproduced, and expanded upon in surgical neuroanatomy laboratories worldwide.

Development of a mirascope using 3D printing

In this study, a precise optomechanical mirascope was designed using 3D printing. The mirascope comprised multiple optical mirrors and mechanical elements, which were designed and printed using the same material. This combined design reduces the errors from assembled integration and various environments. Using 3D printing to fabricate optical systems reduces cost and time compared with the traditional optical manufacturing process. Moreover, 3D printing allows more freedom in optomechanical design than traditional mechanical manufacturing allows. However, the surface finishing quality of 3D-printed components does not currently meet the requirement of precise optics. Diamond turning to finish the surface enables it to conform to the requirements of optical application. In this study, the mirascope comprised two aspherical mirrors and integrated mechanical parts with a diameter of 50.8 mm. The optical image was designed with a magnification of 0.875 × and floating distance of 1.5 mm. The mirascope was printed on an Objet500 Connex 3D printer and VeroPureWhite RGD837 and VeroBlackPlus RGD875 materials. The profile and roughness of the aspherical surfaces in printing, turning, and polishing processes were analyzed in this study. The techniques developed in this study can be applied to 3D-printed optics, mirascope, virtual reality, and 3D projection systems.

Dynamic holographic three-dimensional projection based on liquid crystal spatial light modulator and cylindrical fog screen

A dynamic holographic three-dimensional (3D) projection based on phase-only liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM) and cylindrical fog 3D screen is introduced. Sequential kinoforms of a 3D real existing object are calculated from sixty viewing angles using the slice-based fresnel diffraction algorithm. To suppress speckle noise of reconstructed images, sub-kinoforms for each viewing angle are calculated by adding dynamic pseudorandom initial phase factor into each object plane. The sequential kinoforms are reconstructed by a holographic reconstruction system based on phase-only LC-SLM. A specially designed cylindrical fog 3D screen is used as the scattered carrying medium to project the dynamic 3D images. Through our holographic 3D projection system, a vivid dynamic holographic reconstructed projection image can be observed by some observers at the same time.

Digital TV in 3D: a passing fad or the next step in the evolution of digital television?

The recent development of 3D digital television (DTV) technology draws upon almost 100 years of media industry experience with 3D motion picture cameras and projection systems. New electro-optical television display systems provide remarkably sharp, clear digital 3D images. This study utilizes diffusion of innovation theory in the analysis of key factors that may enhance or delay the US diffusion of 3D television technology. Cost will be a major concern for consumers, as the first 3D-capable displays will cost twice the price of comparably sized DTV sets and additional required hardware such as special electronic glasses will add to the expense. The author concludes that initial adoption (20102014) of 3D television technology will be slow. After this period, manufacturers may include 3D decoding capability in standard DTV sets, and the increased production of 3D television programmes and films will provide an incentive for consumers to purchase these enhanced displays. This article is based on a top-three paper of the Production, Aesthetics and Criticism division of the Broadcast Education Association, which was presented on 15 April 2010 at the annual conference in Las Vegas.