1D Nanostructures Research Articles

Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of Nanostructured 2D Tin Telluride.

A lot of experimental studies are conducted on theoretically predicted thermoelectric 2D materials. Such materials can pave the way for charging ultra-thin electronic devices, self-charging wearable devices, and medical implants. This study systematically explores the thermoelectric attributes of bulk and 2D nanostructured Tin Telluride (SnTe), employing experimental investigations and theoretical analyses based on semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory. The bulk SnTe is synthesized through flame melting, while the 2D SnTe is produced via liquid phase exfoliation. The comprehensive assessment of thermoelectric properties integrated experimental measurements utilizing a Physical Property Measurement System and theoretical calculations from the BoltzTraP code. Experimental thermoelectric studies show a high ZT of 0.17 for 2D SnTe when compared to bulk (0.005) at room temperature. This rise in ZT is due to the high Seebeck coefficient and low thermal conductivity of nanostructured 2D SnTe. Density functional theory (DFT) studies reveal the contribution of the density of states (DOS) and energy bandgap in enhancing the Seebeck coefficient and lowering thermal conductivity by interface scattering.

1D and 2D Boron Nitride Nano Structures: A Critical Analysis for Emerging Applications in the Field of Nanocomposites.

Boron nitride (BN) with its 1D and 2D nano derivatives have gained immense popularity in both the field of research and applications. These nano derivatives have proved to be one of the most promising fillers which can be incorporated in polymers to form nanocomposites with excellent properties. These materials have been around for 25 years whereas significant research has been done in this field for only the past decade. There are many interesting properties which are imparted to the nanocomposites wherein thermal stability, large energy band gap, resistance to oxidation, excellent thermal conductivity, chemical inertness, and exceptional mechanical properties are just a few worthy of mention. Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) was selected as the parent material by most researchers reviewed in this paper through which 2D derivative Boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) and 1D derivative Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are synthesized. This review will focus on the in-depth properties of h-BN and further will concisely focus on BNNS and BNNTs for their various properties. A detailed discussion of the addition of BNNS and BNNTs into polymers to form nanocomposites, their synthesis, properties, and applications is followed by a summary determining the most suitable synthesizing processes and the materials, keeping in mind the current challenges.

Interfacial-Assembly-Induced In Situ Transformation from Aligned 1D Nanowires to Quasi-2D Nanofilms.

As the dimensionality of materials generally affects their characteristics, thin films composed of low-dimensional nanomaterials, such as nanowires (NWs) or nanoplates, are of great importance in modern engineering. Among various bottom-up film fabrication strategies, interfacial assembly of nanoscale building blocks holds great promise in constructing large-scale aligned thin films, leading to emergent or enhanced collective properties compared to individual building blocks. As for 1D nanostructures, the interfacial self-assembly causes the morphology orientation, effectively achieving anisotropic electrical, thermal, and optical conduction. However, issues such as defects between each nanoscale building block, crystal orientation, and homogeneity constrain the application of ordered films. The precise control of transdimensional synthesis and the formation mechanism from 1D to 2D are rarely reported. To meet this gap, we introduce an interfacial-assembly-induced interfacial synthesis strategy and successfully synthesize quasi-2D nanofilms via the oriented attachment of 1D NWs on the liquid interface. Theoretical sampling and simulation show that NWs on the liquid interface maintain their lowest interaction energy for the ordered crystal plane (110) orientation and then rearrange and attach to the quasi-2D nanofilm. This quasi-2D nanofilm shows enhanced electric conductivity and unique optical properties compared with its corresponding 1D geometry materials. Uncovering these growth pathways of the 1D-to-2D transition provides opportunities for future material design and synthesis at the interface.

Synthesis and Performance Study of Photodetectors of Low-Dimensional Perovskites

This paper reviews the recent advancements in perovskite-structured photodetectors, highlighting the significance of their dimensional variations, which range from 0D quantum dots to 1D nanowires and microwires, and further to 2D nanostructures. It examines the various synthesis and modification techniques used to optimize these structures, along with their compositional variations. Additionally, the paper assesses the photodetection performance of these devices and explores their potential applications. Furthermore, a comprehensive summary of the key quality factors for photodetectors, the unique photoelectric properties of low-dimensional perovskites, and the methods for their synthesis is provided, offering a comprehensive overview of the current research landscape in this field.

Ru nanocrystals modified porous FeOOH nanostructures with open 3D interconnected architecture supported on NiFe foam as high‐performance electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and electrocatalytic urea oxidation

The construction of binder-free electrodes with well-defined three-dimensional (3D) morphology and optimized electronic structure represents an efficient strategy for the design of high-performance electrocatalysts for the development of efficient green hydrogen technologies. Herein, Ru nanocrystals were modified on 3D interconnected porous FeOOH nanostructures with open network-like frameworks on NiFe foam (Ru/FeOOH@NFF), which were used as an efficient electrocatalyst. In this study, a 3D interconnected porous FeOOH with an open network structure was first electrodeposited on NiFe foam and served as the support for the in-situ modification of Ru nanocrystals. Subsequently, the Ru nanocrystals and abundant oxygen vacancies were simultaneously incorporated into the FeOOH matrix via the adsorption-reduction method, which involved NaBH4 reduction. The Ru/FeOOH@NFF electrocatalyst shows a large specific surface area, abundant oxygen vacancies, and modulated electronic structure, which collectively result in a significant enhancement of catalytic properties with respect to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and urea oxidation reaction (UOR). The Ru/FeOOH@NFF catalyst exhibits an outstanding OER performance, requiring a low overpotential (360 mV) at 200 mA cm−2 with a small Tafel slope (58 mV dec-1). Meanwhile, the Ru/FeOOH@NFF catalyst demonstrates more efficient UOR activity for achieving 200 mA cm−2 at a lower overpotential of 272 mV. Furthermore, an overall urea electrolysis cell using the Ru/FeOOH@NFF as the anode and Pt as the cathode (Ru/FeOOH@NFF||Pt) reveals a cell voltage of 1.478 V at 10 mA cm−2 and a prominent durability (120 h at 50 mA cm−2). This work will provide a valuable understanding of the construction of high-performance electrocatalysts with 3D microstructure for promoting urea-assisted water electrolysis.

Flexible NH3 gas sensors based on ZnO nanostructures deposited on kevlar substrates via hydrothermal method

Owing to their flexibility and high thermal resistance, para-aramid based Kevlar™ fabric substrates are an ideal candidate for obtaining flexible gas sensors for new-generation wearable technologies. The morphology of the surface of the substrate where the target gas comes into contact directly affects the important features of the sensor such as detection limit, selectivity, and response. In this context, a feasible technique is introduced to enhance the efficiency of flexible gas sensors utilizing ZnO/Kevlar™, entailing the modification of ZnO morphology. ZnO based gas sensing layers were deposited on Kevlar™ fabric substrates by a two-stage method. Initially, seed layer was produced on Kevlar™ fabric using the ultrasonic bath method, with five different seed layer processing times ranging from 1 min to 20 min. In the nucleation, all nanostructured layers were deposited by hydrothermal method with constant parameters and under the same conditions. As the seeding time was increased, nanorods (1D) formed on the surface became flakes (2D), leading to considerable improvement in NH3 gas sensing properties. The sensor with a 5-min seeding time showed a sensitivity of 49 % at an optimal operating temperature of 190 °C, while the sensor produced in 20 min showed the best response performance with 169 % at 130 °C for 50 ppm NH3 gas. The increase in seeding time not only reduced the operating temperature of the gas sensor through the conversion from 1D nanostructure to 2D, but also significantly increased the sensor response. Under constant hydrothermal conditions and solution concentration, the density per unit area increases. However, after 10 min of seeding, the length of nanorods shortens and turn into a rod-flake hybrid morphology. A superior sensor performance was demonstrated for the samples examined. The obtained results also showed that flexible Kevlar™ fabric could be a feasible and interesting substrate for nanostructured ZnO-based NH3 gas sensors.

Tailoring interfacial states for improved n-type bismuth telluride thermoelectrics

Efforts to enhance the thermoelectric (TE) efficiency of n-type bismuth telluride (BTS) have focused on leveraging 2D nanostructures, as they have been proven effective in inhibiting phonon transport and simultaneously improving electrical properties. Herein, we introduce g-C3N4 as a suitable candidate for disrupting phonon transport, with the potential to finely tune charge carrier mobility. Crucially, our investigation provides insights into the potential of externally introduced conducting states as a feasible strategy for facilitating carrier transport at heterogeneous interfaces. In contrast, the carrier scattering and localization events play an inverse role. By carefully modulating the competition, we effectively increase carrier mobility, boosting electrical conductivity and optimizing the power factor. This orchestrated strategy leads to a high figure of merit (ZT) of 1.29 at 400 K and an average ZT (ZTave) of 1.20 within 300–500 K. At temperature difference ∆T = 180 K, a maximum power output Pmax = 0.91 W and a 6.2 % conversion efficiency (η) can be achieved over the fabricated TE module. Our findings underscore the potential of 2D nanomaterials and interfacial engineering (IE) as a promising avenue for unlocking the full potential of n-type thermoelectric materials, advancing sustainable and efficient TE power generation.

3D Nanostructured Electrodes Based on Anodic Alumina Templates for Stable Pseudocapacitors

This study investigates the preparation of nickel nanostructured electrodes for the enhancement of supercapacitor performance. The nanostructured electrodes are synthesized using nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) as a template via the pulsed electrodeposition method. Structural properties are examined using field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, while electrochemical characterization is conducted through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results reveal that Ni nanorod arrays can be obtained embedded in the NAA matrix and with electrical contact with the aluminum substrate. On average, the rods are spaced 90 nm apart, with a diameter of 70 nm and a length of 2 μm. The Ni@NAA electrode exhibits an enlarged active area and exceptional electrochemical performance, demonstrating remarkable stability over 5000 cycles of CV at a scan rate of 50 mV s−1. Specific capacitance values exceeding 100 mF cm−2 and maximum charging times of less than 10 min are reported, highlighting its suitability for high‐power energy devices requiring pseudo‐supercapacitance. The study underscores the significance of nanostructured electrodes in advancing energy storage technologies and presents promising prospects for practical applications.

Sensitive Intracellular Recording of Action Potentials by Supramolecular Self‐Assembled Electrodes

AbstractDeveloping accurate electrophysiological recording platforms is crucial for investigating cellular electrical activities, understanding the mechanisms underlying cardiovascular disease, and advancing therapeutic strategies. While the successful recording of intracellular electrophysiological status has been achieved by 3D micro/nano devices, their preparation through demanding micro/nanofabrication and poorly controllable solvothermal synthesis is an impediment to widespread utilization. Easier‐to‐access recording electrodes are needed. To address this challenge, a simple and efficient supramolecular self‐assembly strategy that allows access to novel 3D electrodes is introduced. It relies on small organic molecules that can be self‐assembled efficiently into various 3D nanostructures, including lamellated nanosheets, thin nanobelts, and short rod‐like structures. Electrodes prepared through the present self‐assembly process are considerably simpler and more cost‐effective than conventional 3D micro/nanoelectrodes prepared through fabrication or solvothermal synthesis. It is demonstrated that the present electrodes allow for higher quality and prolonged intracellular recordings of action potentials as compared to similarly sized conventional planar electrodes. The noted improvements are attributed to the fact that 3D geometrical electrodes enhance the cell‐electrode interface, ensuring tight coupling and effective electroporation. This work showcases how supramolecular self‐assembly might emerge as a promising and powerful electrode preparation strategy that may facilitate low‐cost electrophysiological studies.

An Ultramicroporous Graphene-Based 3D Structure Derived from Cellulose-Based Biomass for High-Performance CO2 Capture.

The use of powered activated carbon is often limited by inconsistent particle sizes and porosities, leading to reduced adsorption efficiencies. In this study, we demonstrated a practical and environmentally friendly method for creating a 3D graphene nanostructure with highly uniform ultramicropores from wood-based biomass through a series of delignification, carbonization, and activation processes. In addition, we evaluated the capture characteristics of this structure for CO2, CH4, and N2 gases as well as its selectivity for binary-mixture gases. Based on textural and chemical analyses, the delignified monolith had a lamellar structure interconnected by cellulose-based fibers. Interestingly, applying the KOH vapor activation technique solely to the delignified samples led to the formation of a monolithic 3D network composed of interconnected graphene sheets with a high degree of crystallinity. Especially, the Act. 1000 sample exhibited a specific surface area of 1480 m2/g and a considerable pore volume of 0.581 cm3/g, featuring consistently uniform ultramicropores over 90% in the range of 3.5-11 Å. The monolithic graphene-based samples, predominantly composed of ultramicropores, demonstrated a notably heightened capture capacity of 6.934 mol/kg at 110 kPa for CO2, along with favorable selectivity within binary gas mixtures (CO2/N2, CO2/CH4, and CO2/CH4). Our findings suggest that this biomass-derived 3D structure has the potential to serve as a monolithic adsorbent in gas separation applications.

Viscoelastic property enhancement of polymethylmethacrylate molecularly confined within 3D nanostructures

Owing to its applications in various fields, such as biomedical, microelectronics, sensors, and polymer composites, polymer nanoconfinement is a widely studied topic. This confinement changes the configuration of molecules compared with those of solids, which, in the case of polymeric films, decreases the glass transition temperature and mechanical properties of the polymer. In this study, nanostructured polymethylmethacrylate, presenting three-dimensional nanoscale confinement were evaluated using amplitude modulation–frequency modulation atomic force microscopy for the first time. The Young’s moduli and loss tangents were measured, and the results suggest that for cells smaller than approximately 39 nm, the Young’s modulus of the 3-D confined polymer enhances that of the raw solid owing to reduced molecular mobility. This research shows that the molecular mobility was reduced because polymer chains were confined within three-dimensional space.

Mapping the transition from quasi-2D to 3D spin textures in NiFe nanomagnets

With increasing interest in understanding and mapping the spin textures within magnetic nanostructures, this work reports a study of the transition from quasi-2D magnetic behavior in thin-film ferromagnetic nanostructures to 3D thick-film nanostructures. A series of arrays of 480 × 250 nm2 elliptical Ni81Fe19 nanomagnets patterned using deep ultraviolet (DUV) lithography with thickness (t) ranging from 20 to 250 nm were studied. It is shown through magnetometry and micromagnetics that as the film thickness increases, the nanomagnets transition from effectively planar 2D magnets, with uniform spin textures extending through the film thickness for t ≤ 50 nm, to 3D nanomagnets with more complex non-uniform 3D spin textures for t ≥ 100 nm. These results demonstrate that the fabrication of thick-film nanomagnets via DUV lithography is a viable route to producing consistent 3D magnetic nanostructures for potential applications, such as magnonics.

Geometrical properties of three-dimensional crossed nanowire networks

Three-dimensional interconnected nanowire networks have recently attracted notable attention for the fabrication of new devices for energy harvesting/storage, sensing, catalysis, magnetic and spintronic applications, and for the design of new hardware neuromorphic computing architectures. However, the complex branching of these nanowire networks makes it challenging to investigate these 3D nanostructured systems theoretically. Here, we present a theoretical description and simulations of the geometric properties of these 3D interconnected nanowire networks with selected characteristics. Our analysis reveals that the nanowire segment length between two crossing zones follows an exponential distribution. This suggests that shorter nanowire segments have a more pronounced influence on the nanowire network properties compared to their longer counterparts. Moreover, our observations reveal a homogeneous distribution in the smallest distance between the cores of two crossing nanowires. The results are highly reproducible and unaffected by changes in the nanowire network characteristics. The density of crossing zones and interconnected nanowire segments is found to vary as the square of the nanowire density multiplied by their diameter, further multiplied by a factor dependent on the packing factor. Finally, densities of interconnected segments up to 1013cm−2 can be achieved for 22-µm-thick nanowire networks with high packing factors. This has important implications for neuromorphic computing applications, suggesting that the realization of 1014 interconnections, which corresponds to the approximate number of synaptic connections in the human brain, is achievable with a nanowire network of about 10cm2. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Nanoscale-Confined Synthesis of 2D Metal Compounds for Electrochemical Applications.

2D metal compounds, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), layered double hydroxides (LDHs), and MXenes, are emerging as important electrocatalyst materials in the transition to a sustainable energy future. Aided by their high surface area, electrical conductivity, and tunable electronic properties, these materials have provided a crucial research thrust in enhancing the efficiency of green hydrogen production, fuel cells, and carbon reduction processes. Most importantly, the synthesis of nanostructured 2D compounds, while challenging, is the key to optimizing their catalytic performance. Recent advancements in this field have highlighted the potential of 2D metal compounds in revolutionizing energy conversion technologies, which entails the discovery of new material compositions, the development of novel synthetic routes, and the integration of these materials into practical energy conversion systems. This review presents an overview of the distinctive characteristics of nanoscale-confined 2D metal compounds, the challenges encountered in their synthesis, and electrochemical applications.

Electrolyte solvents as architects: How solvents guide the spontaneous formation of 3D porous nanostructures in Alloy- and Conversion-type battery anodes

During battery cycling, fragmented anode materials following alloying, conversion, and conversion-alloying reactions spontaneously form three-dimensional (3D) porous nanostructures, influenced by the electrolyte solvent. While it is known that various solvents can enhance anode energy capacity, rate performance, and cycling stability by promoting this 3D structure, the specific solvent property responsible for this transformation was unclear. Our study investigates the role of 48 commercial solvents in Sn nanoparticle self-assembly, using both experimental and simulation methods. We discovered that solvent electrophilicity is crucial in initiating a solvation layer, guiding the development of the 3D nanostructure. This finding is significant in addressing anode fragmentation issues in alloying, conversion, and conversion-alloying processes. The resulting 3D nanostructures show enhanced mechanical and chemical resilience, offering a cost-effective and robust method to improve battery performance. Our research provides new insights into nanostructured anode design, paving the way for advanced battery technologies and enhancing our understanding of nanostructure formation in batteries.

Advanced Enzyme Mimicking Engineering: 3D Biomimetic Pt Single‐Atom Nanozymes Initiating Pressure‐Driven Device

AbstractCurrent research on single‐atom nanozymes has predominantly concentrated on 2D structures, with limited exploration into the influence of 3D biomimetic structures on their catalytic performance. In this work, a 3D nanostructure of Pt single‐atom nanozyme (Pt‐NC SAzyme) is fabricated by encapsulating platinum 2,4‐pentanedionate in each molecular cage of ZIF‐8 and then pyrolyzing. X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis confirmed the presence of Pt as single atoms, with each Pt atom exclusively coordinated with four nitrogen atoms, while the *O is identified as an intermediate in the catalytic reaction. Additionally, theoretical calculations demonstrated that Pt‐NC SAzyme exhibited a lower potential energy and a shorter pathway for catalyzing the production of O2 from H2O2 than that of 2D Pt‐NC due to the localization effect, confirming a superior catalase‐like activity of Pt‐NC SAzyme. Based on the efficient O2 production from Pt‐NC SAzyme, a dual‐mode pressure immunosensor is established to achieve sensitive detection of aminopyrine by converting gas‐induced pressure into visual and timing readouts. This work introduced a novel approach to enhance the catalytic activity of SAzymes through bionic structural design and coordination environment, while also proposing a new concept for point‐of‐care testing in food safety, environmental monitoring, and disease diagnosis.

Compositional alteration of low dimensional nickel sulfides under hydrogen evolution reaction conditions in alkaline media

Developing cost-effective electrodes for electrochemical water splitting with minimal kinetic losses remains a primary challenge in water electrolysis. Nickel-based dichalcogenides, particularly sulfides, have emerged as promising candidates for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the stability of various nickel sulfide (NixSy) phases under cathodic potentials in alkaline electrolytes is subject to debate. In this study, we investigate the HER activity and durability of both 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) NixSy nanostructures with diverse chemical compositions. Through cross-correlation analysis of spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization data, we elucidate the transformation behavior of these materials under operating conditions. Our findings reveal that NiS2 tends to undergo conversion to nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2), while Ni-rich phases like Ni3S4 and NiS exhibit greater stability. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in 3D nanostructures, the initial formation of a protective hydroxide layer on the surface inhibits further sulfide transformation. This nickel sulfide/hydroxide composite shows an improved HER activity with lower onset potential (−0.25 V), Tafel slope (105 mV s−1), and charge transfer resistance (17.3 Ω).

Highly Stable Photoluminescence in Vacuum‐Processed Halide Perovskite Core–Shell 1D Nanostructures

AbstractHybrid organometal halide perovskites (HP) present exceptional optoelectronic properties, but their poor long‐term stability is a major bottleneck for their commercialization. Herein, a solvent‐free approach to growing single‐crystal organic nanowires (ONW) is presented, along with nanoporous metal oxide scaffolds and HP, to form a core@multishell architecture. The synthesis is carried out under mild vacuum conditions employing thermal evaporation for the metal‐free phthalocyanine (H2Pc) nanowires, which are the core, plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) for the TiO2 shell, and co‐evaporation of lead iodide (PbI2) and methylammonium iodide (CH3NH3I/MAI) for the CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3/MAPI) perovskite shell. A detailed characterization of the nanostructures by electron microscopy, (S)‐TEM, and X‐ray diffraction, XRD, is presented, revealing a different crystallization of the HP depending on the template: while the growth on H2Pc nanowires induces the typical MAPI tetragonal structure, a low‐dimensional phase (LDP) is observed on the 1D‐TiO2 nanotubes. Such a combination yields an unprecedentedly stable photoluminescence emission over 20 h and over 300 h after encapsulation in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) under different atmospheres including N2, air, and high moisture levels. Moreover, the unique 1D morphology of the system, together with the high refractive index, allows for a strong waveguiding effect along the HP nanowire length.

Strong Interaction between Titanium Carbonitride Embedded in Mesoporous Carbon Nanofibers and Pt Enables Durable Oxygen Reduction.

Platinum (Pt) supported on high surface area carbon has been the most widely used electrocatalyst in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). However, conventional carbon supports are susceptible to corrosion at high potentials, leading to severe degradation of electrochemical performance. In this work, titanium carbonitride embedded in mesoporous carbon nanofibers (m-TiCN NFs) are reported as a promising alternative to address this issue. Benefiting from the interpenetrating conductive pathways inside the one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures and the embedded TiCN nanoparticles (NPs), m-TiCN NFs exhibit excellent stability at high potentials and interact strongly with Pt NPs. Subsequently, m-TiCN NFs-supported Pt NPs deliver remarkably enhanced oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and durability, with negligible activity decay and less than 5% loss of electrochemical surface area（ECSA） after 50000 cycles. Moreover, the fuel cell assembled by this catalyst delivers a maximum power density of 1.22W cm-2 and merely 3% loss after 30000 cycles of accelerated durability tests under U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) protocols. The improved ORR activity and durability are attributed to the superior corrosion resistance of the m-TiCN NF support and the strong interaction between Pt and m-TiCN NFs.

Interfacing Langmuir-Blodgett and Pickering Emulsions for the Synthesis of 2D Nanostructured Films: Applications in Copper Ion Adsorption.

This research focuses on developing a 2D thin film comprising a monolayer of silica nanoparticles functionalized with polyethyleneimine (PEI), achieved through a novel integration of Langmuir-Blodgett (L-B) and Pickering emulsion techniques. The primary aim was to create a nanostructured film that exhibits dual functionality: iridescence and efficient metal ion adsorption, specifically Cu(II) ions. The methodology combined L-B and Pickering emulsion polymerization to assemble and stabilize a nanoparticle monolayer at an oil/water interface, which was then polymerized under UV radiation to form an asymmetrically structured film. The results demonstrate that the film possesses a high adsorption efficiency for Cu(II) ions, with the enhanced mechanical durability provided by a reinforcing layer of polyvinyl alcohol/glycerol. The advantage of combining L-B and Pickering emulsion technology is the ability to generate 2D films from functional nanoparticle monolayers that are sufficiently sturdy to be deployed in applications. The 2D film's practical applications in environmental remediation were confirmed through its ability to adsorb and recover Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions effectively. We thus demonstrate the film's potential as a versatile tool in water treatment applications owing to its combined photonic and adsorptive properties. This work paves the way for future research on the use of nanoengineered films in environmental and possibly photonic applications focusing on enhancing the film's structural robustness and exploring its broader applicability to other pollutants and metal ions.