3D Landscape Research Articles

Modularized Information Fusion Design of Urban Garden Landscape in Big Data Background

Traditional information fusion model has the problem of low efficiency in urban landscape design. In addition, using the current method to design urban commercial landscape public facilities, there are problems of large regional space occupation and unsatisfactory design effect. This paper designs a new modular information fusion model for urban landscape design process in view of genetic back propagation. On the basis of preprocessing sensor images, a digital elevation model is created using an ordered numerical sequence. Then, the stereo orthophoto image pair is obtained through the artificial parallax assistance mechanism, and the 3D garden landscape is generated by combining with the ant colony algorithm. The positive feedback mechanism of the ant colony algorithm is used to make the processing process converge continuously, and the optimal 3D garden landscape is finally generated by obtaining stereo orthophoto pairs through the artificial parallax-assisted mechanism. At the same time, the strong robustness and fault tolerance of neural network and parallel processing mechanism are utilized for fast information fusion. The scale and resources of garden design are described by the process dimension and the context dimension, and a modular garden landscape with distinct main body is built. Finally, the initial weight is optimized in the genetic real number coding algorithm, and the appropriate learning factor is selected to train the neural network so as to make the information fusion task. Experimental results show that the above model fusion process has good stability and low energy consumption for information fusion, which can promote the efficient construction of garden landscapes.

Effects of Low-Carbon Visualizations in Landscape Design Based on Virtual Eye-Movement Behavior Preference

Three-dimensional geovisualization in landscape design can be used to evaluate the efforts of mitigating CO2 emissions. This study evaluated subjects’ emotional preferences for 3D landscape design through an eye movement tracking experiment. In the case that the color of the building materials was positively correlated with low carbon emissions, green, blue, and gray were typical representatives of low carbon emissions. Through the eye movement tracking experiment, subjects’ emotional preferences for different building colors were obtained. The results show that the fixation trajectory is consistent with the preset green and energy saving parameters, and the design effect of the architectural landscape can be evaluated by detecting virtual eye movement tracking. There is a coupling relationship between virtual eye movement tracking, expert interviews, and evaluation results, so that it presents a logical relationship between virtual eye movement, the color of low-carbon materials, and carbon emissions. In addition, the affective preference analysis and entropy weight method confirmed their effectiveness in the evaluation of the 3D landscape design effect, which had a positive impact on the CO2 emission reduction of the construction industry. These results will contribute to the development of 3D landscape design in the architecture industry and provide new ideas and methods for the carbon peak project.

Application of virtual reality technology in campus landscape roaming

With the popularity of the metaverse concept, virtual reality technology is widely used in people's lives, and the emergence of this new technology also brings new development opportunities to environmental design. Using computer-aided design, 3D roaming and other methods to build a virtual three-dimensional space, people can get an interactive and immersive experience. This paper takes the Liufang campus of Wuhan University of Technology as a prototype, and builds a 3D virtual campus landscape roaming based on SketchUp and Unity3D engine. It allows the campus to adapt to the development of digital informatization, and at the same time, through the roaming scene, the experiencer can understand the school style more intuitively and quickly, and help the campus culture to be better displayed.

EWSR1-ATF1 dependent 3D connectivity regulates oncogenic and differentiation programs in Clear Cell Sarcoma

Oncogenic fusion proteins generated by chromosomal translocations play major roles in cancer. Among them, fusions between EWSR1 and transcription factors generate oncogenes with powerful chromatin regulatory activities, capable of establishing complex gene expression programs in permissive precursor cells. Here we define the epigenetic and 3D connectivity landscape of Clear Cell Sarcoma, an aggressive cancer driven by the EWSR1-ATF1 fusion gene. We find that EWSR1-ATF1 displays a distinct DNA binding pattern that requires the EWSR1 domain and promotes ATF1 retargeting to new distal sites, leading to chromatin activation and the establishment of a 3D network that controls oncogenic and differentiation signatures observed in primary CCS tumors. Conversely, EWSR1-ATF1 depletion results in a marked reconfiguration of 3D connectivity, including the emergence of regulatory circuits that promote neural crest-related developmental programs. Taken together, our study elucidates the epigenetic mechanisms utilized by EWSR1-ATF1 to establish regulatory networks in CCS, and points to precursor cells in the neural crest lineage as candidate cells of origin for these tumors.

Artificial Intelligence and VR Environment Design of Digital Museum Based on Embedded Image Processing

This article first introduces the development of embedded image processing system, puts forward the overall design of the system structure, constructs the development environment of software system and hardware, and introduces in detail the choice of embedded image processing system and artificial intelligence embedded operating system in the industry, the choice of objective lens, and the choice and installation of the light source in the system. According to the system requirements, the design, function, and working method of the GPIO peripheral circuit are introduced in detail, and the circuit diagram and PCB diagram of the GPIO peripheral expansion circuit are provided. Based on this, this article focuses on the technical realization of 3D landscape modeling technology, 3D landscape rotation technology, digital museum dynamic scene fusion technology, interactive animation perception over time, real visual virtual landscape, and virtual roaming scene perception in detail. The 3D landscape modeling technology and the modeling method of digital museum environment in virtual reality in this article are used to analyze and study the general concept of VR environment design in virtual reality environment and make it based on different characteristic methods of different modeling. The overall structure and theoretical basis of the VR environment in the digital museum are based on technical solutions, such as process modeling and scene structure. This technical solution has been verified in practical applications and is achievable. Regarding image recording, this paper proposes an improved image-based recording method. In terms of image coupling, this article uses an improved progressive input and output algorithm that can use CRML to create simple dynamic scenes, which can create clear and vivid animation effects, so that the viewer has a good experience.

MANAGING 3D ASSET MANAGEMENT USING CITYGML CONCEPT

In the last decades, three-dimensional asset management is one of the significant practices that is rapidly being used nowadays. Nowadays, 3D GIS has been applied in various applications, especially asset management. A major problem that faces the country at present is the lack of effective tools for managing and maintaining the assets. Currently, in Malaysia, there has been a system that develop by the government named Malaysia Immovable Asset Management System (MySPATA) that is used for the recording, managing, and monitoring government immovable assets. However, this system has not been very successfully utilized due to data complexity and complication in the documentation. This also happens because there are issues involving the management of spatial data due to the growing complexity in infrastructure and limitation of applications. In the surge of digitized economies and industrial improvement, the usefulness of data visualization is becoming increasingly significant in sectors such as smart city planning, construction, management, and services. Therefore, for this to happen, integration between 3D asset management and the CityGML concept is needed This paper focuses on managing 3D asset management using the CityGML concept. CityGML is an independent geospatial information model for semantic 3D city and landscape models that contain various features and modules such as spatial information, data integration, and data visualization. Integration of current technology which is Geographical Information System (GIS) and CityGML concept being employed for 3D asset management. A 3D asset management modeling is being developed using the CityGML standard to track spatial assets, maintain asset records, and sustain an accurate inventory of assets. Thus, in the future, an effective GIS database management will be developed to ensure adequate system performance and operational.

Capturing 3D Chromatin Maps of Human Primary Monocytes: Insights From High-Resolution Hi-C.

Although the variation in chromatin architecture during adaptive immune responses has been thoroughly investigated, the 3D landscape of innate immunity is still unknown. Herein, chromatin regulation and heterogeneity among human primary monocytes were investigated. Peripheral blood was collected from two healthy persons and two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and CD14+ monocytes were selected to perform Hi-C, RNA-seq, ATAC-seq and ChIP-seq analyses. Raw data from the THP1 cell line Hi-C library were used for comparison. For each sample, we constructed three Hi-C libraries and obtained approximately 3 billion paired-end reads in total. Resolution analysis showed that more than 80% of bins presented depths greater than 1000 at a 5 kb resolution. The constructed high-resolution chromatin interaction maps presented similar landscapes in the four individuals, which showed significant divergence from the THP1 cell line chromatin structure. The variability in chromatin interactions around HLA-D genes in the HLA complex region was notable within individuals. We further found that the CD16-encoding gene (FCGR3A) is located at a variable topologically associating domain (TAD) boundary and that chromatin loop dynamics might modulate CD16 expression. Our results indicate both the stability and variability of high-resolution chromatin interaction maps among human primary monocytes. This work sheds light on the potential mechanisms by which the complex interplay of epigenetics and spatial 3D architecture regulates chromatin in innate immunity.

How Can We Understand the Past from Now On? Three-Dimensional Modelling and Landscape Reconstruction of the Shuanghuaishu Site in the Central Plains of China

The Shuanghuaishu (SHS) site in China is one of the 100 most important archaeological discoveries over the past 100 years; its historical heritage can be traced directly back 5300 years. Understanding the early landscape of the site would provide important information about the origin of Chinese civilization. The SHS site is buried and surface traces are difficult to see; therefore, we attempted to reconstruct the early landscape of the site based on a current surface landscape model and environmental archaeological analysis. We created a modern three-dimensional (3D) landscape model of the study area from high spatial resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aerial photographs and analysed the distance change between the Yellow River and SHS site in the past 60 years from CORONA and Landsat images. By combining environmental archaeological survey results, archaeological excavation data, relevant papers, and field measurements, we reconstructed the paleotopography of the SHS site during the Yangshao period (7000–5000 aBP). On this basis, 3D natural and human landscapes during the Yangshao period were rebuilt. The results show that (1) Satellite images acquired at different resolutions can provide multiscale spatial information about the site, and high-precision models of current conditions can be quickly generated from UAV aerial photography. (2) From 1960 to 2020, the shortest distance between the SHS site and the Yellow River was approximately 512 m. The location of bedrock on Mang Mountain can be used to infer the early extent of the northern terrace at the site. (3) Environmental archaeology provided information about the palaeoenvironment of the site area. By incorporating spatial information technology and 3D visualization, we can better restore the early landscape of the SHS site. Our work integrates environmental archaeology, field archaeology, and spatial technology, enabling data and modelling support for the visual interpretation of the SHS site.

Research on Rapid Dynamic Rendering and Modeling Technology of Water Landscape Based on 3D Image Technology

With the development of computer graphics technology, the application of 3D visualization simulation technology has become increasingly widespread. This paper develops a three-dimensional visualization simulation system for water bodies by studying the general model of regional landscape space and water quality purification. This paper mainly does research on rapid dynamic rendering and modeling technology of water landscape based on 3D image technology and uses the 3ds Max Material Editor to map the enhanced 3D landscape design to complete the design, and the designed landscape feature data will be saved in the system data statistics unit for later query. This article also expounds the entire process of alternative simulation construction and confirms the feasibility and superiority of alternative modeling methods through multiple case comparisons. Alternative modeling methods are used as the main way to construct waterfall scenes, that is, simple models are combined with texture mapping, particle effects, and other forms to replace complex models, while ensuring the simulation effect, and the complex models are presented in the most simplified way to make the virtual scene. It is well performed in terms of authenticity and real time. The research results show that the designed system design renderings are extremely clear and of good quality; they have a high score in the water landscape design. Moreover, the system application cost is low, energy consumption is low, and operation efficiency is high.

Impact of 3-D urban landscape patterns on the outdoor thermal environment: A modelling study with SOLWEIG

With global warming and rapid urban growth, cities get warmer, which poses additional stress on human thermal comfort and health. Complex three-dimensional (3D) urban forms change radiation fluxes and shade patterns in cities, but most studies that link urban form to thermal exposure have traditionally investigated the horizontal, two-dimensional composition and configuration of urban landscapes. Supported by high-precision airborne LiDAR data and IKONOS satellite data, this study calculates 3D urban landscape metrics for central Nanjing, China, including vegetation above ground biomass (AGB), building volume (VB), standard deviation of building and vegetation heights (HSDB, HSDV), the building normalized compactness radio (nCR), sky view factor (SVF), surface roughness (SR), and shadow patterns (SP). Diurnal hourly mean radiant temperature (Tmrt) is simulated using the UMEP (Urban Multi-scale Environmental Predictor) tool forced with fixed-point observation data for a typical hot summer day. Correlation and multiple regression analyses are conducted to investigate the relationship between the 3D form metrics and Tmrt and to identify key factors that influence the thermal environment. Tmrt varies spatially and diurnally and is strongly related to SP during the day, revealing the importance of solar access for modulating the thermal environment. AGB is negatively, but SVF, SP, and building nCR are positively correlated with daytime Tmrt. At night, Tmrt is more homogeneous across space and mainly impacted by the urban fabric's ability to lose heat. Open areas cool faster than areas with low SVF and complex urban forms with high building nCR. Findings from this study have great scientific and practical significance for optimizing urban landscape patterns from a human-centered heat exposure perspective and will guide planning and design strategies to promote thermally comfortable urban environments.

Finding Mesolithic Sites: A Multichannel Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) Investigation at the Ancient Lake Duvensee

The shift to the early Holocene in northern Europe is strongly associated with major environmental and climatic changes that influenced hunter-gatherers’ activities and occupation during the Mesolithic period. The ancient lake Duvensee (10,000–6500 cal. BCE) has been studied for almost a century, providing archaeological sites consisting of bark mats and hazelnut-roasting hearths situated on small sand banks deposited by the glacier. No method is yet available to locate these features before excavation. Therefore, a key method for understanding the living conditions of hunter-gatherer groups is to reconstruct the paleoenvironment with a focus on the identification of areas that could possibly host Mesolithic camps and well-preserved archaeological artefacts. We performed a 16-channel MALÅ Imaging Radar Array (MIRA) system survey aimed at understanding the landscape surrounding the find spot Duvensee WP10, located in a hitherto uninvestigated part of the bog. Using an integrated approach of high-resolution ground radar mapping and targeted excavations enabled us to derive a 3D spatio-temporal landscape reconstruction of the investigated sector, including paleo-bathymetry, stratigraphy, and shorelines around the Mesolithic camps. Additionally, we detected previously unknown islands as potential areas for yet unknown dwelling sites. We found that the growth rates of the islands were in the order of approximately 0.3 m2/yr to 0.7 m2/yr between the late Preboreal and the Subboreal stages. The ground-penetrating radar surveying performed excellently in all aspects of near-surface landscape reconstruction as well as in identifying potential dwellings; however, the direct identification of small-scale artefacts, such as fireplaces, was not successful because of their similarity to natural structures.

NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR INTERCONNECTION IN THE CREATION AND PROCESSING OF 3DMODELS AND SCENES

Abstract. This article focuses on the content and processing of the prepared dissertation thesis, which deals with the possibilities of using new technologies and software tools such as procedural generation of 3D models, game engines, rendering programs, virtual and augmented reality, eye tracking and BIM in cartographic processing and 3D landscape visualization. The dissertation focuses on the interconnection of these technologies, on new methods of processing and on the combination of the use of modern software equipment with already existing methods of processing into one complete process. For these purposes, the possibilities of using, among other things, software development kits (SDK), plugins and extensions of existing programs will be explored. Great emphasis will be placed on the Unity game engine and the ability to use its individual parts (rendering engine, physics engine, scripting, simulation, and AI) to create new workflows and new types of processing / outputs. The main goal of this dissertation is to find and document the possibilities of interconnection of individual technologies, especially those that are not commonly used or can be considered new (no scientific articles were found that would use these methods of interconnection). The result of the dissertation will be new working procedures and more realistic visualizations of 3D models and scenes corresponding to the technologies available today. An equally important part of the dissertation will be the creation of sample projects for individual programs, test data, work procedures and general teaching materials to simplify the use of these technologies in teaching and in departmental projects.

Fast cleavage action unveils 3D dynamics and kinetics of DNA repair in telomeres

Understanding the three-dimensional (3D) landscape of the DNA damage response (DDR) is crucial to unveiling genome maintenance mechanisms. Furthermore, accurate kinetic analysis of the DDR mechanisms grants better comprehension of the cellular response from lethal DNA lesions. To achieve the necessary temporal resolution and induce precise, controllable DSBs, we recently developed a novel technology, termed very fast CRISPR (vfCRISPR). This technique enables controllable, site-specific double-strand DNA break (DSB) generation in living cells within only a few seconds of photoactivation of bound Cas9.

Design of Commercial Building Complex Based on 3D Landscape Interaction

The needs of visualization of multidimensional information of the earth, 3D virtual construction, and engineering design are driving research into some technologies of 3D landscape interactive design. The function and availability of the 3D landscape interactive system are largely determined by an efficient interactive algorithm, which is an essential part of the interactive design system of commercial architecture landscape. This paper investigates and evaluates the current state of 3D landscape intersection in landscape design, compares and evaluates existing 3D landscape modeling methods, and proposes some recommendations for the feasibility of a 3D commercial building performance scheme that will serve as a model for future large-scale urban commercial building landscape modeling. When the landscape is represented by objective substances like visual images, people are more likely to actively engage with nature and make automatic decisions based on physiological responses. The introduction of 3D technology has given people’s lives a new lease on life, and it is critical to optimize urban planning and management.

On the Scale Effect of Relationship Identification between Land Surface Temperature and 3D Landscape Pattern: The Application of Random Forest

Urbanization processes greatly change urban landscape patterns and the urban thermal environment. Significant multi-scale correlation exists between the land surface temperature (LST) and landscape pattern. Compared with traditional linear regression methods, the regression model based on random forest has the advantages of higher accuracy and better learning ability, and can remove the linear correlation between regression features. Taking Beijing’s metropolitan area as an example, this paper conducted multi-scale relationship analysis between 3D landscape patterns and LST using Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC), Multiple Linear Regression and Random Forest Regression (RFR). The results indicated that LST was relatively high in the central area of Beijing, and decreased from the center to the surrounding areas. The interpretation effect of 3D landscape metrics on LST was more obvious than that of the 2D landscape metrics, and 3D landscape diversity and evenness played more important roles than the other metrics in the change of LST. The multi-scale relationship between LST and the landscape pattern was discovered in the fourth ring road of Beijing, the effect of the extent of change on the landscape pattern is greater than that of the grain size change, and the interpretation effect and correlation of landscape metrics on LST increase with the increase in the rectangle size. Impervious surfaces significantly increased the LST, while the impervious surfaces located at low building areas were more likely to increase LST than those located at tall building areas. It seems that increasing the distance between buildings to improve the rate of energy exchange between urban and rural areas can effectively decrease LST. Vegetation and water can effectively reduce LST, but large, clustered and irregularly shaped patches have a better effect on land surface cooling than small and discrete patches. The Coefficients of Rectangle Variation (CORV) power function fitting results of landscape metrics showed that the optimal rectangle size for studying the relationship between the 3D landscape pattern and LST is about 700 m. Our study is useful for future urban planning and provides references to mitigate the daytime urban heat island (UHI) effect.

Historical Vltava River Valley–Various Historical Sources within Web Mapping Environment

The article deals with a comprehensive information system of the historic Vltava River valley. This system contains a number of resources, which are described. For old maps, which are the basis of the whole system, their georeferencing and potential problems in creating seamless mosaics are described. Other sources of data include old photographs, which are localized and stored in the system, along with the definition point of the place from which they were probably taken. The vectorization of data is described, not only for area features used for the analysis of land-use changes, but also for the vectorization of contours. These were vectorized from old maps and are substantial for the creation of historic DEM. Vectorized footprints of buildings and vectors of other functional areas subsequently serve as a basis for the procedural modeling of the virtual 3D landscape. The creation of such a complex and broad information system cannot be described in one article. The aim of this text is to draw attention to a possible approach to the presentation and visualization of the historic landscape, along with links to important documents.

Sustainable design of tailings dams using geotechnical and geomorphic analysis

ABSTRACT Geomorphic landform design for mine waste structures has been proposed as a sustainable alternative to traditional design approaches for decades. Over this time, the focus on mine closure and related sustainability approaches has grown steadily. Many geotechnical engineers and responsible mining companies understand the obligation to design and construct structures that will perform well in the long term. Concepts and tools are provided in this paper that will assist engineers in achieving their long-term goals. This research evaluates four tailings dam designs in terms of their geotechnical stability and long-term geomorphology: two traditional designs (uniform slope and platform-bank) and two geomorphic-inspired designs (catena and horseshoe). All four designs were subjected to two- and three-dimensional (3D) stability analysis, as well as 3D landscape evolution modeling (geomorphic analysis). Results indicated that the horseshoe-style geomorphic tailings dam design performed better than the others for each of the analyses completed. The horseshoe design consisted of interspersed catena slopes and uniform slopes, which resulted in a type of buttressing effect that enhanced the geotechnical stability of the dam while also reducing and focusing surface erosion.

Imprinting characteristics of droplet lenses on liquid-repelling surfaces into light

We propose an experimental method that allows the investigation of droplets on liquid-repelling surfaces. The described technique goes beyond the standard imaging approaches and reveals a plethora of spatial droplet information, which is usually unavailable. Liquid droplet lenses shape the transmitted light field of a Gaussian laser beam passing though them, thereby forming refracted three-dimensional (3D) light landscapes. We investigate numerically and experimentally these 3D landscapes which are customized depending on the droplet shape as well as its refractive index, and demonstrate the encoding of droplet information. This approach can also be applied for analyzing droplets showing high-speed dynamics, in order to reveal even minimal shape deviations. The developed technique complements and therefor extend the existing conventional tools for the investigation of the droplets formed on liquid-repelling surfaces.

Analysis of the Application of Multimedia Technology in Modern Landscape Architecture

When contemporary landscape designers have innovated the traditional landscape concept, multimedia technology is used as a principle tool to advance landscape architecture, which also represents one of the development trends of landscape architecture. In general, the modern landscape development, it’s the precise measurement of the 3D landscape index can make up for the defects of the 2D landscape index. The main purpose of this article is to study multimedia technology as a professional research tool and aesthetics into contemporary natural landscape. Studying the relationship between the contemporary natural landscape and multimedia technology from the perspective of "multimedia teaching" brings the new changes, contents, and forms of the field. In this paper, we analyze the designs and applications of multimedia technology in landscape, which are mainly reflected as having negative effects on the application of multimedia technology, exampled by light pollution, noise pollution, "container man effect'' and the infringement of privacy due to the interactive nature of multimedia. The paper presents how multimedia can be used as a media to shape a more humanized landscape space environment with the characteristics of the information age. The paper gives the corresponding solution strategy, scheme and expounds on the practical prospect of multimedia technology in the future of landscape design.

Modeling the direction and magnitude of angular effects in nighttime light remote sensing

Remote sensing of nighttime light (NTL) offers a unique opportunity to monitor urban dynamics and human socioeconomic activities directly from space. However, angular observations lead to inconsistencies among observations over the same area on different days, introducing uncertainty into daily NTL time series. This study aims to investigate this angular effect and its drivers using the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite/Suomi (VIIRS) Black Marble NTL dataset. First, we proposed a conceptual model of the angular effect and hypothesized the mechanism of how urban three-dimensional (3D) landscapes form the anisotropic characteristics of artificial light observations. Second, we quantified the spatial patterns of the angular effect within five representative cities, and identified three distinctive types of angular effects: negative, U-shaped, and positive. Subsequently, the contribution of landscape factors to the direction (i.e., the type) and magnitude (i.e., NTL change rate with angle) of the angular effect is quantified using multinomial logistic regression and mediation analysis, respectively. The results show that the direction of the angular effect is mainly controlled by building height which determines the blocked and visible parts of artificial light at different satellite viewing angles. The magnitude of the angular effect is determined by both NTL brightness and landscape factors. The mediation analysis shows that landscape factors can have a direct effect on the magnitude of the angular effect as well as an indirect effect on the magnitude by affecting NTL brightness. Among the landscape factors, both vegetation and buildings are indicated to be significantly influential factors with direct and indirect effects. The findings of this research deepen our understanding of the NTL angular effect, guide the development of technologies for reconstructing high-quality daily NTL time series by correcting the angular effect, and help us better monitor high-frequency socioeconomic activities.