3D Display System Research Articles

Perioperative, Pathologic, and Early Continence Outcomes Comparing Three-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Display Systems for Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy—A Retrospective, Single-Surgeon Study

To examine perioperative, pathologic, and early continence outcomes of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RP) aided by a new-generation three-dimensional (3D) display system and compare them with those from the same operation aided by a conventional, two-dimensional (2D) display system. A total of 95 consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic RP for clinically localized prostate cancer (PC) by an experienced single surgeon from October 2009 to December 2012. Baseline characteristics, perioperative and pathologic variables, and continence data at 3 months after surgery were retrospectively reviewed from a prospectively maintained database. Categoric and continuous variables were compared using chi-square, Student t, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, as appropriate. A total of 29 patients underwent laparoscopic RP using a 3D display system and 66 patients underwent laparoscopic RP using a 2D display system. The two groups were comparable for all clinical and pathologic variables. Mean total operative time for the 3D group was 131 minutes (standard deviation [SD]±18) compared with 190 (SD±31) for the 2D group (P<0.001). Mean time to perform the urethrovesical anastomosis was 28 minutes (SD±6) for the 3D group compared with 87 minutes (SD±17) for the 2D group (P<0.001). Blood loss was lower in the 3D group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). A statistically significant higher number of patients in the 3D group had early recovery of continence compared with patients in the 2D group (14/28 (50%) patients in the 3D group vs 16/64 (25%) patients in the 2D group, P=0.02). Laparoscopic RP aided by a new-generation 3D display system is associated with shorter operative times, reduced blood loss, and higher early continence rates in comparison with that aided by a 2D display system. In particular when considering economic issues, 3D laparoscopic RP may represent an acceptable alternative to robot-assisted laparoscopic RP.

Application of a three-dimensional microsurgical video system for a rat femoral vessel anastomosis

Background The operating microscopes have been applied to modern surgery for nearly a century. However, generations of microsurgeons have to flex their necks and fix their eyes on the eyepieces of a microscope continually that leads to physical and mental fatigue during a long operation. Stereoscopic three-dimensional (3D) media provides more ergonomic working environment, subsequently, resulting better performance in tasks and more accurate judgment. In this study, an alternative method of magnification was analyzed using a three-dimensional microsurgical video system and compared with the traditional method under microscopy to evaluate the availability and feasibility of a 3D microsurgical video system for microvascular anastomosis. Methods Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups with each of 10. In 20 rats, 10 femoral artery anastomoses with a conventional microscope (arterial microscope group) were compared with that of 10 femoral artery anastomoses with a 3D microsurgical video system (arterial 3D group). For the other 20 rats, 10 femoral vein anastomoses using a conventional microscope (venous microscope group) were compared with that of 10 femoral vein anastomoses using a 3D microsurgical video system (venous 3D group). The arterial and venous microscope groups were considered to be the control groups. The arterial and venous 3D groups were the experimental groups. The examined criteria were as follows: anastomotic time, patency right after the procedure and 10 days later, number of sutures, vessel caliber, and pathological features. Results There were no differences between the operating equipment with respect to vessel caliber, anastomotic time, patency rate, number of sutures, and pathological changes in either the small arteries or veins. The average arterial anastomotic time of the arterial microscope group and arterial 3D group was 34.21 and 33.87 minutes, respectively (P &gt;0.05). The average venous anastomotic time of the venous microscope group and venous 3D group was 29.95 and 31.50 minutes, respectively (P &gt;0.05). Conclusions A small vessel anastomosis can be performed successfully with the help of a 3D display system. Although the vascular anastomotic time did not demonstrate a significant difference between the groups, the 3D microsurgical video system offers another option to improve the working environment for surgeons. Further development of our 3D monitoring system should focus on a higher resolution and better flexibility.

Controllable 3D display system based on frontal projection lenticular screen

A novel auto-stereoscopic three-dimensional (3D) projection display system based on the frontal projection lenticular screen is demonstrated. It can provide high real 3D experiences and the freedom of interaction. In the demonstrated system, the content can be changed and the dense of viewing points can be freely adjusted according to the viewers’ demand. The high dense viewing points can provide smooth motion parallax and larger image depth without blurry. The basic principle of stereoscopic display is described firstly. Then, design architectures including hardware and software are demonstrated. The system consists of a frontal projection lenticular screen, an optimally designed projector-array and a set of multi-channel image processors. The parameters of the frontal projection lenticular screen are based on the demand of viewing such as the viewing distance and the width of view zones. Each projector is arranged on an adjustable platform. The set of multi-channel image processors are made up of six PCs. One of them is used as the main controller, the other five client PCs can process 30 channel signals and transmit them to the projector-array. Then a natural 3D scene will be perceived based on the frontal projection lenticular screen with more than 1.5 m image depth in real time. The control section is presented in detail, including parallax adjustment, system synchronization, distortion correction, etc. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this novel controllable 3D display system.

Real-time pupil tracking backlight system for holographic 3D display (Invited Paper)

We propose an automatic three-dimensional (3D) pupil tracking backlight system for holographic 3D display system with large image size and full-parallax accommodation effect. The proposed tracking module is applied to a holographic 3D display system with two sets of directional holographic imaging module composed of 2×2 large scale lens array and 22-inch high-resolution liquid crystal display 3D panel. System architecture is described and experimental results are presented.

A penetrable interactive 3D display based on motion recognition (Invited Paper)

Based on light field reconstruction and motion recognition technique, a penetrable interactive floating 3D display system is proposed. The system consists of a high-frame-rate projector, a flat directional diffusing screen, a high-speed data transmission module, and a Kinect somatosensory device. The floating occlusion-correct 3D image could rotate around some axis at different speeds according to user's hand motion. Eight motion directions and speed are detected accurately, and the prototype system operates efficiently with a recognition accuracy of 90% on average.

Real-time 3D display system based on computer-generated integral imaging technique using enhanced ISPP for hexagonal lens array

This paper proposes an open computer language (OpenCL) parallel processing method to generate the elemental image arrays (EIAs) for hexagonal lens array from a three-dimensional (3D) object such as a volume data. Hexagonal lens array has a higher fill factor compared to the rectangular lens array case; however, each pixel of an elemental image should be determined to belong to the single hexagonal lens. Therefore, generation for the entire EIA requires very large computations. The proposed method reduces processing time for the EIAs for a given hexagonal lens array. By using the proposed image space parallel processing (ISPP) method, it can enhance the processing speed that generates the 3D display of real-time interactive integral imaging for hexagonal lens array. In our experiment, we implemented the EIAs for hexagonal lens array in real-time and obtained a good processing time for a large of volume data for multiple cases of lens arrays.

입체영상 디스플레이를 위한 고효율 비젼 시스템

입체영상 디스플레이는 최근 교육, 3D 영화, 의료 영상 등 다양한 분야에 응용되고 있으나 실용화함에 있어 해결해야할 문제점도 남아있다. 입체영상 디스플레이는 실용화 단계에서 대량의 영상 데이터를 처리해야하고 실시간 디스플레이를 위해 고효율 비젼 시스템을 설계해야 한다. 입체영상 디스플레이를 위한 스테레오 데이터는 변위 벡터, 움직임 벡터와 참조영상과의 오차영상을 전송하게 되며 스테레오 영상 시퀀스를 복원하여 입체영상 디스플레이를 하게 된다. 이를 위한 핵심요소는 스테레오 영상간의 효율적인 정합과 강건한 비젼시스템에 있다. 본 논문에서는 효율적인 스테레오 정합을 위한 고효율 비젼시스템을 설계하고 실험결과 제안한 입체영상 디스플레이 시스템의 효용성을 검증한다. Volumetric display has many applications recently in education, 3D movie, medical images but these applications have several problems that need to be overcome. Volumetric display may process a amount of visual data and design the high efficient vision system for realtime display. The stereo data for volumetric display estimated the disparity vectors from the stereoscopic sequences has been transmitted the disparity vectors, motion vectors and residual images with the reference images, and the stereoscopic sequences have been reconstructed at the receiver for 3D display. Central issue for efficient 3D display lies in selecting an appropriate stereo matching with robust vision system. In this paper, high efficient vision system is proposed for efficient stereo image matching and the experimental results represent high efficiency for proposed 3D display system.

Product 3D Dynamic Display and Lectotype System

With the information technology development, the manufacturing informatization has developed rapidly in recent years. 3D computer aided design (CAD) has become indispensable for developing new products. Network also plays an important role in exchanging information. In this case, people have a growing tendency to exchange information by 3D model rather than text or images. Through network platform to provide 3D dynamic display and lectotype service becomes the trend of the development gradually. So in this paper, a 3D dynamic display and interactive lectotype system was presents for mechanical design. This paper put forward a solution to exchange information by 3D model by integration of 3D CAD and Web3D techniques. Use the Viewpoint technique to displays interactive 3D models. Base on SolidWorks to exchange the 3D CAD model to Viewpoint model, and generation 2D and 3D commonly format files for downloading. Use database management system to manage all kinds of data. Proved by practice, this system can significantly increase conversion and improve the customer experience

An Iterative Fourier Transform Algorithm for digital hologram generation using phase-only information and its implementation in a fixed-point digital signal processor

An Iterative Fourier Transform Algorithm (IFTA) for digital hologram generation from a digital image using phase-only information is described in this paper. The algorithm is implemented in a Texas Instruments TMS320C64x fixed point digital signal processor (DSP). The holograms are reconstructed in real time using a liquid crystal display system and a He–Ne laser. The ideas described in this paper can be extended to digital hologram generation of three-dimensional objects and their reconstruction in real time using liquid crystal spatial light modulators, which could be a way for 3D-display systems.

36.3: Effects of 3D Display System on Convergence and Accommodation

AbstractWe compared the circular polarizing filter method and liquid crystal shutter method. We were interested in comparing how these methods affect convergence and accommodation, when subjects viewed 3D images. The numeric values for convergence‐accommodation with the liquid crystal shutter were very close. However, in the case of the circular polarized filter method, there was discrepancy in the values of convergence and accommodation.

Three-dimensional interaction and autostereoscopic display system using gesture recognition

We propose a 3D interaction and autostereoscopic display system that use gesture recognition, which can manipulate virtual objects in the scene directly by hand gestures and can display objects in 3D stereoscopy. The system consists of a gesture recognition and manipulation part as well as an autostereoscopic display as an interactive display part. To manipulate the 3D virtual scene, a gesture recognition algorithm is proposed, which use spatial-temporal sequences of feature vectors to match predefined gestures. To get smooth 3D visualization, we utilize the programmable graphics pipeline in graphic processing unit to accelerate data processing. We develop a prototype system for 3D virtual exhibition. The prototype system reaches frame rates of 60 fps and operates efficiently with a mean recognition accuracy of 90%.

840 NEW THREE-DIMENSIONAL HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAY SYSTEM (ROBOSURGEON SYSTEM): APPLICATION TO THE INITIAL 80 CASES OF GASLESS SINGLE-PORT ACCESS UROLOGIC SURGERIES

You have accessJournal of UrologyTechnology & Instruments: Laparoscopy: Malignant & Benign Disease1 Apr 2013840 NEW THREE-DIMENSIONAL HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAY SYSTEM (ROBOSURGEON SYSTEM): APPLICATION TO THE INITIAL 80 CASES OF GASLESS SINGLE-PORT ACCESS UROLOGIC SURGERIES Kazunori Kihara, Hideki Takeshita, Yoh Matsuoka, Noboru Numao, Kazutaka Saito, Fumitaka Koga, Hitoshi Masuda, and Yasuhisa Fujii Kazunori KiharaKazunori Kihara Tokyo, Japan More articles by this author , Hideki TakeshitaHideki Takeshita Tokyo, Japan More articles by this author , Yoh MatsuokaYoh Matsuoka Tokyo, Japan More articles by this author , Noboru NumaoNoboru Numao Tokyo, Japan More articles by this author , Kazutaka SaitoKazutaka Saito Tokyo, Japan More articles by this author , Fumitaka KogaFumitaka Koga Tokyo, Japan More articles by this author , Hitoshi MasudaHitoshi Masuda Tokyo, Japan More articles by this author , and Yasuhisa FujiiYasuhisa Fujii Tokyo, Japan More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2013.02.407AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES A novel head-mounted display system, which we developed with technical support from Sony Corporation, offers simultaneous, high quality magnified 3D imagery right in front of the eyes, regardless of head position, to those participating in the operation. This affordable display system also provides various images, in addition to those from the endoscope, such as the ultrasound probe. We describe the initial experience of this system (RoboSurgeon System) in minimally invasive urologic surgeries. METHODS The display system is shown in the figure. A high definition 3D head-mounted display (Sony, Tokyo, Japan) is connected to a high-definition 3D endoscope. Various images are provided simultaneously to many participants wearing head-mounted displays. The concept of our gasless single-port surgery, performed in more than 2000 patients, has been presented at EAU and AUA (EAU2009 video V37; EAU2010 video V1, V4; AUA 2012 #1105, etc.). We present the application of this system to the initial 80 cases of gasless single-port access surgeries (16 adrenalectomies [ARs], 23 radical nephrectomies [RNs] and 41 partial nephrectomies [PNs] ). RESULTS Operations were performed by 11 surgeons including inexperienced ones without conversion to open surgery. All PNs were carried out without clamping the renal vessels as presented in EAU2010 video V4. Although the operations were performed carefully and slowly, no significant extension in operative time was required for any of the surgeries. The median operative time was 151, 184 and 214 min in AR, RN and PN, respectively. Blood transfusion was not required in any of the cases. The median blood loss was 125, 215 and 388 ml in AR, RN and PN, respectively. Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ 2 complications were only observed in two cases of PN (ureteral stenting). No worsening of starting eating / walking >100m / possible discharge was observed (AR: 1/1/1 POD; RN: 1/1/2 POD; PN: 1/2/4 POD [median]). In deep surgical sites, maneuvers can be performed safely and meticulously by sharing various images among the participants using the features of the aforementioned system. CONCLUSIONS A new 3D head-mounted display system is feasible and may facilitate maneuverability and safety in minimally invasive procedures. © 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 189Issue 4SApril 2013Page: e344-e345 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Kazunori Kihara Tokyo, Japan More articles by this author Hideki Takeshita Tokyo, Japan More articles by this author Yoh Matsuoka Tokyo, Japan More articles by this author Noboru Numao Tokyo, Japan More articles by this author Kazutaka Saito Tokyo, Japan More articles by this author Fumitaka Koga Tokyo, Japan More articles by this author Hitoshi Masuda Tokyo, Japan More articles by this author Yasuhisa Fujii Tokyo, Japan More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

基于头部追踪的宽视角裸眼3D显示系统

Normal naked 3D display have some defects,such as fixed viewing point,narrow viewing angle.In order to enhance the 3D performance,a 3D display system base on head tracking is introduced.In this system,a camera detects the position of observer's face,and a LC barrier moves the 3D viewing point toward the face simultaneously by changing its transmissive area.Thus the observer can receive good 3D images freely within the visual field of the camera.Because there is no meteyard for this wide viewing angle 3D display,this paper puts forward a test method.The experiment result proved the method is viable.

Improving Graph Cuts algorithm to transform sequence of stereo image to depth map

Recently, 3D display systems are getting considerable attentions not only from theater but also from home. 3D multimedia content development plays very important role in helping to setup a visual reality entertainment program. Lenticular Autostereoscopic display is one of the 3D-TV having the following advantages such as improving 3D viewing experience, supporting wider viewing angles for multiple viewers, and no requiring any special glasses. However, most of the current 3D movie and camera do not support the Autostereoscopic function. Therefore, we proposed a system that can transform the current 3D stereoscopic image sequence to the depth map sequence. These sequences can be warped into the multiplexed image by DIBR (Depth Image Based Rendering), and show with Autostereoscopic.Some recent techniques that transform the stereoscopic correspondence problem are based on Graph Cuts. They transform the matching problem to a minimization of a global energy function. However, it has been difficult to include high level information in the formulation of the Graph Cut. In this paper, we describe a new technique for generating depth map sequence from stereoscopic image sequence. We improve the Graph Cuts from pixel-based matching to region-based by using the Mean Shift 3D regions clustering to link the features of images before segmentation. And we also use the result of 3D regions clustering to assign depth values to time domain. After the sequence of depth map has been obtained, the DIBR method was used in transformation process. The experimental result shows that our system not only establishes a mechanism of depth transformation but also improves the accuracy and effectiveness on traditional Graph Cuts.

A three‐dimensional stereoscopic monitor system in microscopic vascular anastomosis

Microvascular procedures not only demand precise movements but also usually require a long operation time. Using a conventional surgical microscope, microvascular surgeons need to keep the neck in a fixed flexion posture, which can lead to physical fatigue. Thus, our aim was to develop a three-dimensional (3D) monitoring system to improve the microsurgery environment. It consists of four main parts: the surgical microscope, the charge-coupled devices, the 3D multiplexer, and the 3D monitor. Two patients with head and neck cancers who underwent tumor resections were reconstructed with free flap microsurgeries. Both artery anastomoses were completed successfully and the postoperative courses of the two patients were smooth. Vascular anastomosis can be performed successfully with the help of the new 3D display system. Although the artery anastomosis procedures took longer than under a surgical microscope, the 3D system offers another option to improve the working environment for surgeons.

깊이정보를 활용한 입체 편집 프로세스 연구

The 3D stereoscopic image contents have been emerging as the blue chip of the contents market of the next generation since the . However, all the 3D contents created commercially in the country have failed to enter box office. It is because the quality of Korean 3D contents is much lower than that of overseas contents and also current 3D post production process is based on 2D. Considering all these facts, the 3D editing process has connection with the quality of contents. The current 3D editing processes of the production case of are using the way that edits with the system on basis of 2D, followed by checking with 3D display system and modifying, if there are any problems. In order to improve those conditions, I suggest that the 3D editing process contain more objectivity by visualizing the depth data applied in some composition work such as Disparity map, Depth map, and the current 3D editing process. The proposed process has been used in the music drama , comparing with those of the film . The 3D values could be checked among cuts which have been changed a lot since those of , while the 3D value of drew an equal result in general. Since the current process is based on an artist`s subjective sense of 3D, it could be changed according to the condition and state of the artist. Furthermore, it is impossible for us to predict the positive range, so it is apprehended that the cubic effect of space might be perverted by showing each different 3D value according to cuts in the same space or a limited space. On the other hand, the objective 3D editing by applying the visualization of depth data can adjust itself to the cubic effect of the same space and the whole content equally, which will enrich the 3D contents. It will even be able to solve some problems such as distortion of cubic effect and visual fatigue, etc.

Crosstalk evaluation in multiview autostereoscopic three-dimensional displays with an optimized diaphragm applied

The crosstalk evaluation of multiview autostereoscopic three-dimensional (3D) displays is discussed, with both the human and technical factors investigated via image quality assessment. In the imaging performance measurements and analysis for a multiview autostereoscopic display prototype equipment, it was inferred that crosstalk would have both a positive and a negative effect on the imaging performance of the equipment. The importance of the attached diaphragm in the crosstalk evaluation was proposed and then experimentally verified, using the developed prototype equipment. The luminance distribution and crosstalk situation were given, with two different diaphragm arrays applied. The analysis results showed that the imaging performance of this 3D display system can be improved with minimum changes to the system structure.

Listening test for three-dimensional audio system based on multiple vertical panning

In this paper, the novel three-dimensional (3D) audio system is proposed. The proposed system is based on Multiple Vertical Panning (MVP) method and matches to the glasses-free 3D display system in which the size of screen is very large. The vertical position of sound images is synthesized by the panning between two loudspeakers placed at the top and bottom of screen. The horizontal position of sound images is controlled by the position of two loudspeakers. By the proposed system, multiple listeners can simultaneously feel the sound images at the position of objects depicted by the 3D display system. In order to evaluate the auditory performance of the proposed system, the listening test was designed by using the loudspeaker array in which twenty-seven loudspeakers were aligned on the vertical line. Sound images were synthesized by the panning between two loudspeakers placed at the top and bottom of the loudspeaker array. Twelve subjects listened to a sound and reported the position of synthesized sound images. As a result, it was indicated that subjects could feel the synthesized sound images at the position between two loudspeakers placed at the top and bottom of the loudspeaker array.

Design of 3D Ship Display System using Android

By the recent development of the mobile communication, the mobile devices like smart phones and tablet PCs, become extremely popular and the diverse augmented reality are embodied using them. In this paper, a 3D ship display system using mobile augmented reality was designed, and the drawing matching algorithm was embodied. And also, it is intended to provide the help to the active attraction of the shipbuilding orders.

Special Issue on 3D Display Systems for Large-Scale and Wide Viewing Zone and Their Related Technologies

Special Issue on 3D Display Systems for Large-Scale and Wide Viewing Zone and Their Related Technologies