3D Configuration Research Articles

IN-SILICO CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMAN HER2 GENE TO PREDICT THE BREAST CANCER ASSOCIATED BIOMARKERS

HER2 gene hyperactivation is responsible for the incidence of invasive breast cancer (BC). It leads to over expression of HER2 receptors in breast cells resulting in abnormal receptor dimerization and signal transduction cascade initiation. It ultimately causes uncontrolled proliferation of breast cells. Therefore, this is the most susceptible target gene for BC treatment. HER2 gene transcript with accession ID ENST00000269571.10 was selected for association analysis in present study. A total of ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of gene were analyzed using in-silico tools like CELLO, PROTPARAM, SOPMA, and SWISSMODEL. These tools helped in determining the effect of variants on sub-cellular localization, physiochemical properties, and secondary (2D) and tertiary (3D) structures of mutated proteins. Variants rs1249755832, rs769703068, rs1567913219, and rs1213602748 altered the localization of mutated proteins. SNPs rs1213602748, rs769703068, and rs1249755832 considerably changed the isoelectric point (pI), extinction coefficient, instability index, aliphatic index, and GRAVY. Variant rs769703068 caused a change in all four properties of the 2D structure, i.e., alpha helix, extended strand, beta-turn, and random coil. Polymorphisms that caused a significant deviation in 3D configuration were rs769703068, rs144434331, and rs146177313. These variants can be recommended as biomarkers for HER2+ BC cell diagnosis.

Thermodiffusively unstable laminar hydrogen flame in a sufficiently large 3D computational domain – Part I: Characteristic patterns

Thermodiffusive instabilities can have a leading order effect on flame propagation for lean premixed hydrogen flames. Many simulation studies have been performed to study this effect, but almost exclusively in two-dimensional (2D) or domain sizes too small to support the characteristic large-scale features of the instability. The main purpose of this study is to quantify the differences of 3D and 2D flames using simulations on sufficiently large domains. To this end, direct numerical simulations (DNS) of thermodiffusively unstable laminar premixed hydrogen flames stabilized in 3D domains were performed. The effects of confinement on the flame dynamics are rigorously investigated by varying the domain size. The flame burning velocity shows a strong dependence on the domain size when the lateral domain width is less than 50 laminar flame thicknesses. The characteristic patterns of the thermodiffusively unstable flame are analyzed in detail, including the instantaneous flame structure, global burning velocity, flame surface area, stretch factor, curvature distribution, and the cell size. The effects of the computational setup (2D vs. 3D) on the local flame front curvature and the distributions of the thermo-chemical quantities are quantified through a conditional analysis. The formation and destruction mechanisms of the distinct cellular structures observed in the 3D domain are analyzed focusing on the interactions between the flame dynamics and the flow field, and the contributions of the production of flame surface density, kinematic restoration, and curvature dissipation are quantified. Compared with the corresponding 2D simulation, the flame surface area in the cut plane of the 3D configuration is similar, yet the burning velocity and the stretch factor are increased. The reason for this is the difference in curvature statistics in 2D and 3D. In 3D, larger extreme curvature values are obtained, leading to quantitatively different distributions of the thermo-chemical variables. For example, the peak H radical concentration in the 3D simulation is about twice higher than in the 2D simulation.Novelty and significance statementThe novelty of the present work includes the following aspects:(i) First large-scale 3D DNS of laminar lean premixed hydrogen flame on domain large enough to obtain domain-independent results.(ii) First quantitative assessment of characteristic patterns of 3D thermodiffusively unstable premixed hydrogen flames.(iii) First quantitative assessment of differences between 2D and 3D thermodiffusively unstable premixed hydrogen flames for domain-independent results.

Nanosponges- A Versatile Approach of Drug Delivery System

With the escalating number of diseases, an opportunistic target drug delivery system is needed. Nanosponges (NS) are nanosized drug delivery systems having three-dimensional (3D) configurations, fabricated by crosslinking of polymers to ensnare a wide assortment of drugs. These small particles move inside the body till they arrive at the target site and deliver the medication in a specific and controlled way. They can ensnare (entrap) both hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties in a smarter manner and improve the solubility and bioavailability of drugs. NS have been utilized to examine the medication conveyance by oral, parenteral, and topical routes. Another significant property of NS is that they can work on the solvency of ineffectively water-soluble moieties and are utilized for the storage of gases, and proteins as well as for the removal of toxins from the systemic circulation. The present review highlights the types of nanosponges, their methods of preparation, characterization, and applications in drug delivery.

3D spatiotemporally scalable in vivo neural probes based on fluorinated elastomers.

Electronic devices for recording neural activity in the nervous system need to be scalable across large spatial and temporal scales while also providing millisecond and single-cell spatiotemporal resolution. However, existing high-resolution neural recording devices cannot achieve simultaneous scalability on both spatial and temporal levels due to a trade-off between sensor density and mechanical flexibility. Here we introduce a three-dimensional (3D) stacking implantable electronic platform, based on perfluorinated dielectric elastomers and tissue-level soft multilayer electrodes, that enables spatiotemporally scalable single-cell neural electrophysiology in the nervous system. Our elastomers exhibit stable dielectric performance for over a year in physiological solutions and are 10,000 times softer than conventional plastic dielectrics. By leveraging these unique characteristics we develop the packaging of lithographed nanometre-thick electrode arrays in a 3D configuration with a cross-sectional density of 7.6 electrodes per 100 µm2. The resulting 3D integrated multilayer soft electrode array retains tissue-level flexibility, reducing chronic immune responses in mouse neural tissues, and demonstrates the ability to reliably track electrical activity in the mouse brain or spinal cord over months without disrupting animal behaviour.

Influence of the magnetic field curvature on the radial–azimuthal dynamics of a Hall thruster plasma discharge with different propellants

The topology of the applied magnetic field is an important design aspect of Hall thrusters. For modern Hall thrusters, the magnetic field topology most often features curved lines with a concave (negative) curvature upstream of the field's peak and a convex (positive) curvature downstream. Additionally, the advent of the magnetic shielding technique has resulted in Hall thruster designs with non-conventional field topologies that exhibit high degrees of concavity upstream of the field's peak. In this article, a detailed study is carried out on the effects that the magnetic field curvature has on the plasma discharge in a 2D configuration representative of a Hall thruster's radial–azimuthal cross section. The analyses are performed for discharges of three propellants of high applied interest: xenon, krypton, and argon. For each propellant, high-fidelity electrostatic reduced-order particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are performed with various degrees of positive and negative curvatures of the magnetic field. Corresponding 1D radial PIC simulations are also performed for xenon to compare the observations against the 2D results. Most notably, it is observed that the instability spectra in the positive-curvature cases are mostly dominated by electron cyclotron drift instability, whereas the modified two stream instability is dominant in the negative-curvature cases. The distributions of electron and ion temperatures, in particular, as well as the contribution of various mechanisms to electrons’ cross-field transport show notable variations between the positive and negative curvature values. Finally, the field curvature is observed to majorly influence the ion beam divergence along the radial and azimuthal coordinates.

Multi‐Dimensional Shingled Optical Recording by Nanostructuring in Glass

AbstractIn the digital era, the need for high‐density data storage techniques has become increasingly imperative. To address this, the study has demonstrated a multi‐dimensional shingled optical recording technique, utilizing femtosecond laser‐induced nanostructures in silica glass. The evolution of the bulk nanostructures is investigated on a pulse‐by‐pulse basis using multiple microscopic analysis techniques. The formation of the nanostructures is attributed to a self‐adaptive near‐field anisotropic nanostructuring process. Furthermore, it is shown that writing in a 3D shingled configuration significantly reduces the volume per data voxel to a size of 500 nm × 500 nm × 1.0 µm, surpassing the diffraction limit. This reduction is achieved even when employing an infrared laser and a relatively low numerical aperture objective lens. As a result, the approach increases the data storage capacity by at least two orders of magnitude compared to conventional techniques. The work paves the way for advanced shingled optical recording techniques offering ultra‐dense capacity, ultra‐long lifetime, and low energy consumption.

Approximating complex 3D curves using origami spring structures

Origami provides a versatile platform for creating intricate three-dimensional (3D) reconfigurable structures through folding techniques. However, the applications of origami patterns are restricted due to limited deformation modes and complex actuation. Here we explore origami spring structures as a solution to address these limitations by approximating complex 3D curves with an underactuated scheme. By doing so, we showcase the reconfigurability and versatility of origami springs while tackling control complexity. Through the introduction of virtual creases, we simplify non-rigid deformations and enable accurate descriptions of their 3D configurations. Furthermore, we develop inverse kinematics optimization algorithms to determine optimal configurations closely approximating given 3D curves with full actuation and underactuated situations. Experimental realization of various 3D curves demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed approach. This research could find practical utility in soft robotics, flexible mechanisms, and deployable structures.

3D numerical simulation and experimental validation of resin-bonded sand gravity casting: Filling, cooling, and solidification with SPH and ProCAST approaches

This article provides a comprehensive investigation into the resin-bonded sand gravity casting process, with a focus on the filling, cooling, and solidification steps. The research combines numerical simulations and experimental validation in a three-dimensional (3D) configuration, utilizing a realistic filling system. The study employs three approaches—experimental tests, Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations, and ProCAST simulations—to analyze the filling, cooling, and solidification steps. Two different molds were used in the experiments. The first mold has a transparent glass component in front of the plate, enabling observation and recording of the filling process, while the second mold, used solely for thermal analysis, did not incorporate any glass component. The SPH approach yields more accurate results for the filling time, liquid level height, and morphology when compared to ProCAST. The discrepancy in final filling time for the desired casting part between the experiment and SPH is 5.13 %, and the difference between the experiment and ProCAST is 15.38 %. Additionally, the cooling and solidification steps are investigated through an analysis of cooling curves. The numerical methods demonstrate slightly higher cooling rates and deviations in solidification times compared to the experimental data, mainly due to the thermal Neumann boundary condition. Furthermore, the average discrepancy in solidification time for five points of the intended casting component between the experiment and SPH is 8.60 %, whereas when compared with ProCAST, the discrepancy increases to 9.13 %.

Flexible and Stretchable Liquid‐Metal Microfluidic Electronics Using Directly Printed 3D Microchannel Networks

AbstractThis paper describes a method for fabricating microfluidic electronics with 3D interconnected networks by direct ink writing (DIW)‐based 3D printing. Existing 3D printing technologies have yet to simultaneously realize 1) direct printing of interconnected multilayered microchannels without supporting materials or post‐processing and 2) integration of electronic elements with microchannels during the process of printing. This research aims to develop a method to fabricate support‐free microchannels consisting of silicone sealant without the collapse of the extruded structure while integrating electronic elements during the fabrication by DIW. The injection of liquid metal into 3D‐printed microchannels allows the formation of electrical connections between 3D conductive networks and the embedded electronic elements, enabling the fabrication of flexible and stretchable liquid metal antenna coils. To demonstrate a practical application, 1) a skin‐attachable radio‐frequency identification (RFID) tag using a commercial skin‐adhesive plaster as a substrate and 2) free‐standing flexible wireless light‐emitting devices with a small footprint (21.4 mm × 15 mm) for potential implantable applications are produced. This technology will offer a new capability to realize the automated fabrication of stretchable printed circuits with 3D configuration of electrical circuits consisting of liquid metals.

Detecting, mapping and digitising canopy geometry, fruit number and peel colour in pear trees with different architecture

Increasing farm labour and input costs and the requirement for more orchard data are leading to rapid advances in technology to improve management systems in fruit production. The study aimed to (i) validate a sensorised platform to estimate fruit number, peel colour and blush coverage in pear orchards with different pear selections and tree architectures, (ii) establish relationships between fruit number, peel colour and canopy geometry features, and (iii) evaluate the platform for mapping and digitising orchard features. The study was carried out over two years in an experimental ‘ANP-0131′ orchard and in one year in two commercial pear orchards (‘ANP-0131′ and ‘PremP009’). Predictions of fruit number and blush coverage were compared in traditional three-dimensional (3D) and modern high-density two-dimensional (2D) training systems. Overall, prediction errors for fruit number were < 6.5 % in all the training systems, but improved performance was achieved in vertical 2D configurations (% standard errors = 2.2 %). Fruit number and blush coverage per unit of leaf area were higher in 2D compared to 3D training systems. Blush coverage predictions in ‘ANP-0131′ were reliable (R2 = 0.67, RMSE = 3.70 %). Accurate predictions of blush coverage classes were achieved by modifying sample variance. Fruit number and blush coverage were negatively affected by increasing canopy size. The platform proved useful for mapping and digitisation. Spatial heatmaps of orchard features provided a valuable visual aid to identify zones for priority interventions for peel colour enhancement.

Density functional theory assessments of an iron-doped graphene platform towards the hydrea anticancer drug delivery

Customizing an iron-enhanced graphene (FEGR) platform for the drug delivery of hydrea (HYD) anticancer was investigated in this work along with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The required structural and electronic features were evaluated to learn details of adsorbing or sensing functions for the investigated systems. Seven configurations of interacting HYD@FEGR bimolecular complexes were stabilized based on the 3D configurations of interacting counterparts towards each other. The keto oxygen atom of HYD and the iron atom of FEGR were involving in the main interaction of complex formation yielding the highest stabilized formation of configuration-5 by the assistance of surrounding interactions. Detailed variations of models were monitored by the electronic features of different states in correspondence with the frontier molecular orbitals to detect the communication mechanism of HYD counterpart and the enhanced FEGR platform through the formation of HYD@FEGR bimolecular complexes. In this regard, the models were known by their characteristic structural and electronic specifications for approaching the adsorbing or sensing function of FEGR towards the HYD anticancer drug delivery. Additionally, the water-solvated thermochemistry results indicated benefits of HYD@FEGR bimolecular complexes for working in the water medium. Finally, the achievements of this work indicated a customized FEGR platform for the drug delivery of HYD anticancer.

Design and measurement of a thirty-two-port MIMO/diversity antenna based on radiator-ground isomorphic inverse approach for intelligent vehicular internet of things communications

The increased demand for automobile applications and connected-vehicles in the market has prompted much research into intelligent automotive antennas. Connected-vehicles are being used to change automotive technology and serve as a framework for a smart society. This paper presents a thirty-two-port hex‑polarized massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna that operates at GPS, Wi-Fi, and ultra-wideband (UWB) frequencies. In the proposed MIMO antenna, thirty-two-unit cells are populated in 3D configuration, where eight-unit cells are arranged in the horizontal plane and twenty-four-unit cells are arranged in four different vertical planes. The unit cell, based on an isomorphic inverse approach, consists of a semi-circular radiator with integrated meandered slots and achieves a tri-band operation at 1.5 GHz, 2.4 GHz, and 3.1 to 11 GHz. The unit cell has a size of 20 mm × 20 mm and the developed MIMO architecture has dimensions of 85 mm × 85 mm. The peak gain of the proposed antenna is 3.85 dBi, and the efficiency is 89.5%. The MIMO antenna assembly exhibits a calculated Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) using far-field, less than 0.1. The Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC) is found to be less than -10 dB and the difference of Mean Effective gain (MEG) is less than 1 dB. Also, Apparent Diversity Gain (ADG) and Effective Diversity Gain (EDG) by far-field method are found to be above 9 dB. Antenna assemblies like the one proposed, are filled in various layouts on 3D vehicular space to combat the diversity reception issues, catering to spatial and polarization needs. In order to substantially validate the designed MIMO antenna for vehicular applications, housing effects and on-car analysis have been studied.

GGNpTCR: A Generative Graph Structure Neural Network for Predicting Immunogenic Peptides for T-cell Immune Response.

Identifying the interactions between T-cell receptor (TCRs) and human antigens is a crucial step in developing new vaccines, diagnostics, and immunotherapy. Current methods primarily focus on learning binding patterns from known TCR binding repertoires by using sequence information alone without considering the binding specificity of new antigens or exogenous peptides that have not appeared in the training set. Furthermore, the spatial structure of antigens plays a critical role in immune studies and immunotherapy, which should be addressed properly in the identification of interacting TCR-antigen pairs. In this study, we introduced a novel deep learning framework based on generative graph structures, GGNpTCR, for predicting interactions between TCR and peptides from sequence information. Results of real data analysis indicate that our model achieved excellent prediction for new antigens unseen in the training data set, making significant improvements compared to existing methods. We also applied the model to a large COVID-19 data set with no antigens in the training data set, and the improvement was also significant. Furthermore, through incorporation of additional supervised mechanisms, GGNpTCR demonstrated the ability to precisely forecast the locations of peptide-TCR interactions within 3D configurations. This enhancement substantially improved the model's interpretability. In summary, based on the performance on multiple data sets, GGNpTCR has made significant progress in terms of performance, universality, and interpretability.

Enhancing resonant circular-section haloscopes for dark matter axion detection: approaches and limitations in volume expansion

Haloscopes, microwave resonant cavities utilized in detecting dark matter axions within powerful static magnetic fields, are pivotal in modern astrophysical research. This paper delves into the realm of cylindrical geometries, investigating techniques to augment volume and enhance compatibility with dipole or solenoid magnets. The study explores volume constraints in two categories of haloscope designs: those reliant on single cavities and those employing multicavities. In both categories, strategies to increase the expanse of elongated structures are elucidated. For multicavities, the optimization of space within magnets is explored through 1D configurations. Three subcavity stacking approaches are investigated, while the foray into 2D and 3D geometries lays the groundwork for future topological developments. The results underscore the efficacy of these methods, revealing substantial room for progress in cylindrical haloscope design. Notably, an elongated single cavity design attains a three-order magnitude increase in volume compared to a WC-109 standard waveguide-based single cavity. Diverse prototypes featuring single cavities, 1D, 2D, and 3D multicavities highlight the feasibility of leveraging these geometries to magnify the volume of tangible haloscope implementations.

AI-Based Homology Modelling of Fatty Acid Transport Protein 1 Using AlphaFold: Structural Elucidation and Molecular Dynamics Exploration.

Fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1) is an integral transmembrane protein that is involved in facilitating the translocation of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) across the plasma membrane, thereby orchestrating the importation of LCFA into the cell. FATP1 also functions as an acyl-CoA ligase, catalyzing the ATP-dependent formation of fatty acyl-CoA using LCFA and VLCFA (very-long-chain fatty acids) as substrates. It is expressed in various types of tissues and is involved in the regulation of crucial signalling pathways, thus playing a vital role in numerous physiological and pathological conditions. Structural insight about FATP1 is, thus, extremely important for understanding the mechanism of action of this protein and developing efficient treatments against its anomalous expression and dysregulation, which are often associated with pathological conditions such as breast cancer. As of now, there has been no prior prediction or evaluation of the 3D configuration of the human FATP1 protein, hindering a comprehensive understanding of the distinct functional roles of its individual domains. In our pursuit to unravel the structure of the most commonly expressed isoforms of FATP1, we employed the cutting-edge ALPHAFOLD 2 model for an initial prediction of the entire protein's structure. This prediction was complemented by molecular dynamics simulations, focusing on the most promising model. We predicted the structure of FATP1 in silico and thoroughly refined and validated it using coarse and molecular dynamics in the absence of the complete crystal structure. Their relative dynamics revealed the different properties of the characteristic FATP1.

Biomimetic 3D Color-Changing Hydrogel Actuators Constructed Based on Soft Permeable Photonic Crystals.

The integration of photonic crystals and self-shaping actuators is a promising method for constructing powerful biomimetic color-changing actuators. The major barrier is that common photonic crystals generally block the transfer/orientation of monomers/fillers and hence hinder the formation of heterogeneous structures for programmed 3D deformations as well as degrade the deformation capacity and mechanical properties of actuators. Herein, we present the construction of complex and strong 3D color-changing hydrogel actuators by asymmetric photolithography based on soft, permeable photonic crystals. The soft permeable photonic crystals are assembled by hydrogel microspheres with an ultralow volume fraction. During the asymmetric photolithography, the monomers in precursor solutions can thus transfer freely to generate heterogeneous microstructures, spatially patterned internal stresses, and interpenetrating networks for programming the deformation trajectories and initial 3D configurations and enhancing mechanical properties of actuators. Various 3D color-changing hydrogel actuators (e.g., flower and scroll painting) are constructed for applications such as information encryption and display.

Achieving high strength-ductility in TiBw-GNPs/Ti6Al4V composites via 3D interface configuration

Strong interface bonding is critical to achieve the graphene nanoplates reinforced titanium matrix composites (GNPs/TMCs) with excellent strength and ductility. In this study, the TiBw-GNPs/Ti6Al4V composites with three-dimensional (3D) interface configuration are fabricated through the combination of vibration milling and the spark plasma sintering (SPS). The 3D interface configuration is constructed by the in-situ generated TiB whiskers (TiBw) together with the sandwiched TiC-GNPs-TiC, in which TiBw grow epitaxially into the adjacent Ti6Al4V grains and immobilize TiC-GNPs-TiC. As a result, 1.5 wt%TiBw-GNPs/Ti6Al4V composite exhibit simultaneously improved yield strength, ultimate strength and ductility, manifesting marked increments of 26.5%, 26.4% and 30.1% compared to GNPs/Ti6Al4V composite, respectively. The strengthening enhancement of TiBw-GNPs/Ti6Al4V composites can be mainly attributed to the constructed 3D interface microstructure, which boosts the interface bonding and promotes grain refinement as well as load transfer. Moreover, the equiaxed α-Ti phase and the deformation compatibility gifted from the tailored interface endow the TiBw-GNPs/Ti6Al4V composites with excellent ductility. This strategy of tailoring 3D interface configuration could pave a promising way to obtain robust interfacial bonding and break through the strength-ductility trade-off in graphene reinforced titanium matrix composites.

An optimized visualization and quantitative protocol for in-depth evaluation of lymphatic vessel architecture in the liver.

The liver lymphatic system is essential for maintaining tissue fluid balance and immune function. The detailed structure of lymphatic vessels (LVs) in the liver remains to be fully demonstrated. The aim of this study is to reveal LV structures in normal and diseased livers by developing a tissue-clearing and coimmunolabeling protocol optimized for the tissue size and the processing time for three-dimensional (3-D) visualization and quantification of LVs in the liver. We showed that our optimized protocol enables in-depth exploration of lymphatic networks in the liver, consisting of LVs along the portal tract (deep lymphatic system) and within the collagenous Glisson's capsule (superficial lymphatic system) in different species. With this protocol, we have shown 3-D LVs configurations in relation to blood vessels and bile ducts in cholestatic mouse livers, in which LVs were highly dilated and predominantly found around highly proliferating bile ducts and peribiliary vascular plexuses in the portal tract. We also established a quantification method using a 3-D volume-rendering approach. We observed a 1.6-fold (P < 0.05) increase in the average diameter of LVs and a 2.4-fold increase (P < 0.05) in the average branch number of LVs in cholestatic/fibrotic livers compared with control livers. Furthermore, cholestatic/fibrotic livers showed a 4.3-fold increase (P < 0.05) in total volume of LVs compared with control livers. Our optimized protocol and quantification method demonstrate an efficient and simple liver tissue-clearing procedure that allows the comprehensive analysis of liver lymphatic system.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This article showed a comprehensive 3-D-structural analysis of liver lymphatic vessel (LV) in normal and diseased livers in relation to blood vessels and bile ducts. In addition to the LVs highly localized at the portal tract, we revealed capsular LVs in mouse, rat, and human livers. In cholestatic livers, LVs are significantly increased and dilated compared with normal livers. Our optimized protocol provides detailed spatial information for LVs remodeling in normal and pathological conditions.

Nanoscale analysis of magnetic chains consisting of cobalt mesospheres by full‐field transmission x‐ray tomography

AbstractFull‐field transmission x‐ray tomography can obtain 3D morphology and configurations of nanoscale materials. In this study, we further demonstrate the feasibility of this technique using magnetic chains consisting of cobalt mesospheres. The preliminary images presented in this article clearly reveal that three types of cobalt nanoparticles, namely, hollow, core–shell, and solid were found for magnetic chain synthesis. Furthermore, the tomographic analyses revealed the growth mechanism of magnetic chains self‐assembled by cobalt nanoparticles. We may claim that the spatial resolution and contrast characteristics of the full‐field transmission x‐ray tomography can satisfy the research requirements of nanomaterial science. Hence, transmission x‐ray tomography could be a powerful complementary method for imaging and analysis of nanoscale materials.

Boosted photoelectrocatalytic removal of bisphenol A in a wide spectral range on 3D BiVO4/TiO2 nanoforest

Nanostructure construction and heterojunction engineering are effective strategies for designing highly efficient photoelectrodes. Herein, we report a BiVO4 quantum dots (BQDs)/TiO2 nanoforest photoanode with 3D configuration that exhibited improved light harvesting and charge transfer efficiency. Enhanced and directional charge separation were attributed to the synergetic effect of TiO2 facet heterojunction and BiVO4/TiO2 type-II heterojunction, which were confirmed by in-situ XPS and KPFM technology. Finally, a boosted photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) bisphenol A (BPA) removal for 97.28 % in 30 min under a wide spectral range was achieved. This work offers insight into the rational design of nanostructure and heterojunction of photoelectrode.