3D Cage Research Articles

Enhanced kinetics and efficient activation of sulfur by ultrathin MXene coating S-CNTs porous sphere for highly stable and fast charging lithium-sulfur batteries

3D S-CNT@MXene caged micro-sphere has been synthesized using a simple and green method, which is a promising cathode applied in fast-charging Li-S batteries owing to its superior adsorption towards LiPSs and enhanced electrochemical reaction kinetics. • The ultrafine sulfur nanoparticles dispersed in 3D CNT@MXene cages. • MXene avoid restacking, providing unblocked diffusion channels for ions diffusion. • MXene with terminal groups demonstrated adsorption and catalytic effect to LiPSs. • There is almost no capacity fading after 150cycles at such a high density of 4.0C. The main challenges associated with Li-S batteries are relatively unsatisfactory cycling performance, sluggish reaction kinetics and poor utilization of sulfur cathodes especially under high current densities. Here, 3D S-CNT@MXene cages are synthesized by a simple approach that solve these problems. The 3D cages with interconnected conductive networks can improve sulfur utilization, decrease inherent resistance and enhance reaction kinetics. The ultrathin MXene shell with high surface area and plenty of terminal functional groups can prevent the aggregation of MXene, increase chemical interactions and catalytic effect with sulfur species to promote the adsorption of lithium polysulfides and the nucleation of Li 2 S. Moreover, the porous S-CNT sphere with sulfur nanoparticles on the surface of CNTs can facilitate electron transport, electrolyte infiltration and accommodation sulfur swelling. As a result, the 3D S-CNT@MXene cage cathode delivers a high discharge capacity of 1375.1 mAh g −1 at 0.1C, high rate capacity (910.3 and 557.3 mAh g −1 at 1.0 and 8.0 C), and excellent cycling stability. Remarkably, the composite cathode shows almost no capacity decay (656.3 mAh g −1 ) at a high current density of 4.0C after 150cycles, which shows the best cycling stability reported to date among all other cathodes of Li-S batteries.

A Novel Classification of 3D Rib Cage Deformity in Subjects With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

This was a multicentric cross-sectional descriptive study. To analyze patterns of 3D rib cage deformity in subjects with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and their relationship with the spinal deformity. Subjects with AIS present with rib cage deformity that can affect respiratory functions. The 3D rib cage deformities in AIS and their relationship to the spinal deformity are still unelucidated. A total of 200 AIS and 71 controls underwent low-dose biplanar x-rays and had their spine and rib cage reconstructed in 3-dimensional (D). Classic spinopelvic parameters were calculated in 3D and: rib cage gibbosity, thickness, width, volume and volumetric spinal penetration index (VSPI). Subjects with AIS were classified as: group I with mild rib cage deformity (n=88), group II with severe rib cage deformity (n=112) subgrouped into IIa (high gibbosity, n=48), IIb (high VSPI, n=48), and IIc (both high gibbosity and VSPI, n=16). Groups IIa and IIb had a higher Cobb angle (33 vs. 54 degrees and 46 degrees, respectively) and torsion index (11 vs. 14 degrees and 13 degrees, respectively) than group I. Group IIb showed more severe hypokyphosis (IIb=21 degrees; IIa=33 degrees; I=36 degrees; control=42 degrees) with a reduced rib cage volume (IIb=4731 cm3; IIa=4985 cm3; I=5257 cm3; control=5254 cm3) and thickness (IIb=135 mm; IIa=148 mm; I=144 mm; control=144 mm). Group IIa showed an increasingly large local gibbosity descending from proximal to distal levels and did not follow the axial rotation of the spine. Group IIc showed characteristics of both groups IIa and IIb. This new classification of 3D rib cage deformity in AIS shows that the management of cases with high VSPI (groups IIb and IIc) should focus on restoring as much kyphosis as possible to avoid respiratory repercussions. Treatment indications in groups I and IIa would follow the consensual basic principles reported in the literature regarding bracing and surgery.

3D hollow cage copper cobalt sulfide derived from metal–organic frameworks for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

The fabrication of the advanced MOF-based 3D hollow cage ternary bimetallic material CuCo2S4 for high performance asymmetric supercapacitors.

A novel classification of 3D rib cage deformity in subjects with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Study design This was a multicentric cross-sectional descriptive study. Objective To analyze patterns of 3D rib cage deformity in subjects with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and their relationship with the spinal deformity. Summary of background data Subjects with AIS present with rib cage deformity that can affect respiratory functions. The 3D rib cage deformities in AIS and their relationship to the spinal deformity are still unelucidated. Methods A total of 200 AIS and 71 controls underwent low-dose biplanar x-rays and had their spine and rib cage reconstructed in 3-dimensional (D). Classic spinopelvic parameters were calculated in 3D and: rib cage gibbosity, thickness, width, volume and volumetric spinal penetration index (VSPI). Subjects with AIS were classified as: group I with mild rib cage deformity (n=88), group II with severe rib cage deformity (n=112) subgrouped into IIa (high gibbosity, n=48), IIb (high VSPI, n=48), and IIc (both high gibbosity and VSPI, n=16). Results Groups IIa and IIb had a higher Cobb angle (33 vs. 54 degrees and 46 degrees, respectively) and torsion index (11 vs. 14 degrees and 13 degrees, respectively) than group I. Group IIb showed more severe hypokyphosis (IIb=21 degrees; IIa=33 degrees; I=36 degrees; control=42 degrees) with a reduced rib cage volume (IIb=4731 cm3; IIa=4985 cm3; I=5257 cm3; control=5254 cm3) and thickness (IIb=135 mm; IIa=148 mm; I=144 mm; control=144 mm). Group IIa showed an increasingly large local gibbosity descending from proximal to distal levels and did not follow the axial rotation of the spine. Group IIc showed characteristics of both groups IIa and IIb. Conclusions This new classification of 3D rib cage deformity in AIS shows that the management of cases with high VSPI (groups IIb and IIc) should focus on restoring as much kyphosis as possible to avoid respiratory repercussions. Treatment indications in groups I and IIa would follow the consensual basic principles reported in the literature regarding bracing and surgery.

Self-Assembly of a Pd8 Macrocycle and Pd12 Homochiral Tetrahedral Cages Using Poly(tetrazolate) Linkers.

A two-dimensional molecular square (MC) was obtained by the self-assembly of a bis(tetrazole) linker, 4,4'-bis(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1,1'-biphenyl (H2L1), with a square-planar metal acceptor M [M = (tmeda)Pd(NO3)2, where tmeda = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethane-1,2-diamine] in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) followed by crystallization. The uncommon 2,3-binding mode through N atoms of the tetrazole rings in this assembly leads to the formation of an octanuclear molecular square. The molecular square MC [Pd8(L1)4(NO3)8] is unstable in DMSO and slowly converts to a dynamic mixture of a 3D tetrahedral cage T1 [Pd12(L1)6(NO3)12] and the macrocycle MC. A tetrahedral cage (T1) is formed by the usual 1,3-binding mode of the tetrazole rings. However, self-assembly of the T1 [Pd12(L1)6(PF6)12] was possible to access in the pure form in a less polar solvent like acetonitrile. The pure T1 [Pd12(L1)6(PF6)12] also converts to a mixture of T1 and MC in DMSO. Interestingly, when a tris(tetrazole) linker, tris(4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl)amine (H3L2), was treated with the acceptor M, it produced a tetrahedral nanocage T2 [Pd12(L2)4(NO3)12] through 1,3-binding mode of the tetrazole rings without any trace of an octahedral cage through 2,3-binding mode of the tetrazole moieties.

3D Cage COFs: A Dynamic Three-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework with High-Connectivity Organic Cage Nodes.

Three-dimensional (3D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are rare because there is a limited choice of organic building blocks that offer multiple reactive sites in a polyhedral geometry. Here, we synthesized an organic cage molecule (Cage-6-NH2) that was used as a triangular prism node to yield the first cage-based 3D COF, 3D-CageCOF-1. This COF adopts an unreported 2-fold interpenetrated acs topology and exhibits reversible dynamic behavior, switching between a small-pore (sp) structure and a large-pore (lp) structure. It also shows high CO2 uptake and captures water at low humidity (<40%). This demonstrates the potential for expanding the structural complexity of 3D COFs by using organic cages as the building units.

A Strategy for the Construction of Triply Interlocked Organometallic Cages by Rational Design of Poly-NHC Precursors.

Three-dimensional (3D) triply interlocked catenanes are a family of chemical topologies that consist of two identical, mechanically interlocked coordination cage components with intriguingly complex structures. Although only a few successful constructions of 3D interlocked catenanes have been achieved to date via metal-mediated assembly, these complex structures have thus far only been targeted by metal-nitrogen/oxygen coordination techniques. Here, taking advantage of rational ligand design, we report the efficient construction of a series of 3D triply interlocked [2]catenanes of the formula [Ag3L2]2, wherein the metal ions exclusively form bonds to N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) units, and their subsequent transmetalation to the corresponding [Au3L2]2 gold analogues. The formation and transmetalation reactions proceed under mild conditions and are generally applicable. A series of characterization techniques were applied to confirm the formation and structure of the desired 3D triply interlocked architectures: multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, ESI-MS, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The solid-state structure of [Ag3(1a)2]2(PF6)6 unambiguously confirms the existence of a 3D catenane that consists of two identical, mechanically interlocked trinuclear hexacarbene cage components. The interlocking of two 3D cages into a [2]catenane is driven by the efficient π···π stacking of triazine-triazine stacks with cooperative interactions between imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine subunits. Notably, the triply interlocked organometallic cages exhibit good stability toward various organic solvents, concentrations, and temperatures, and no disassembly occurred in the presence of coronene or pyrene. The future construction of mechanically interlocked architectures using metal-carbene bonds rather than metal-nitrogen bonds may provide assemblies with interesting properties for as-yet-unimagined applications in fields such as sensors and molecular electrical conductors.

Cervical Intervertebral Cages: Past, Present, Innovations, and Future Trends with Review of the Literature.

Abstract Background Data: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) has been the standard treatment for degenerative conditions of the cervical spine. Since the introduction of the procedure in the fifties, ACDF has become quite popular and a gold standard procedure. Autologous iliac crest bone grafts were used for fusion with associated drawbacks that mandated the introduction of new metallic substitutes with various fillers. Many improvements and enhancements to these cages were implemented with rising controversial issues. Purpose: To review the available data of cervical cages and the recent status of ACDF using standalone cages. Study Design: A narrative literature review. Patients and Methods: We reviewed the English literature through the last two decades for the most up-to-date available data of the cervical cages and reported the current status of ACDF outcomes using standalone cages. We ran a search using PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar using different relevant keywords and extracted the most relevant researches according to our study aim. We focused on special titles that we thought were most relevant to the spinal surgeon's daily practice. Results: A great number of cervical cages with different shapes and designs are available for ACDF. Spinal surgeons are confronted with a huge array of cervical cages introduced every day by many medical industry competitors. Clinical and radiological outcomes are generally very satisfactory regardless of the type and material of cages used. Composite or titanium-coated PEEK cervical cages and 3D-printed and porous titanium cages are under evaluation. Self-locking standalone cages showed great advancement and development with promising outcomes. Conclusion: ACDF is a well-established surgical technique in the management of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy and/or myelopathy. Large numbers of cervical cages with different shapes, designs, and compositions are available in the market with generally satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes. Spinal surgeons should be aware of the available cervical cages and choose the most suitable to their patient’s medical and socioeconomic status. New industrial technology has the potential to improve the load-bearing surface, lower cage dislocation and subsidence, and osteointegration. Composite cages, self-locking cages, and absorbable cages are fairly newly introduced cages and still under evaluation. Multicenter long-term prospective randomized controlled trials are mandatory for obtaining first-class evidence-based medical data on ACDF. (2020ESJ213) Abstract Background Data: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) has been the standard treatment for degenerative conditions of the cervical spine. Since the introduction of the procedure in the fifties ACDF have become quite popular and gold standard procedures. Autologous iliac crest bone grafts were used for fusion with associated drawbacks that mandates the introduction of new metallic substitutes with various fillers. Lots of improvements and enhancements of these cages were supposed with arising controversial issues. Purpose: To review the available data of cervical cages and the recent status of ACDF using standalone cages. Study Design: narrative literature review. Patients and Methods: We reviewed the English literature for the most up-to-date available data of the cervical cages and reported the current status of ACDF outcomes using standalone cages. We ran a search using PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar using different relevant keywords and extracted the most relevant researches according to our study aim. We focused on special titles that we thought they are most relevant to the spinal surgeon daily practice. Results: a great number of cervical cages with different shape and designs are available for ACDF. Spinal surgeons are confronted with a huge array of cervical cages introduced every day by many medical industrial competitors. Clinical and radiological outcomes are generally very satisfactory regardless the type and material of cages used. Composite or titanium coated PEEK cervical cages are under evaluation as well as 3D print and porous titanium cages. Self-locking standalone cages showed a great advancement and development with promising outcomes. Conclusion: ACDF is a well-established surgical technique in the management of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy and/or myelopathy. Large numbers of cervical cages with different shapes, designs, and compositions are available in the market with generally satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes. Spinal surgeons should be aware of available cervical cages and choose the most suitable to their patient’s medical and socioeconomic status. New industrial technology has the potentials of improving load-bearing surface, lower cage dislocation and subsidence, and improve osteointegration. Composite cages, self-locking cages, absorbable cages are fairly introduced cages and still under evaluation. Multicenter long-term prospective randomized controlled trials are mandatory for first class evidence based medical data in ACDF. (2020ESJ213)

Dynamic Covalent Chemistry as a Facile Route to Unusual Main-Group Thiolate Assemblies and Disulfide Hoops and Cages.

Dynamic Covalent Chemistry (DCC) - combining the robustness of covalent bonds with the self-correcting nature of supramolecular chemistry - facilitates the modular synthesis of complex molecular assemblies in high yields. Although numerous reactions form covalent bonds, only a small set of chemical transformations affect covalent bond formation reversibly under suitable conditions for DCC. Further progress in this area still requires the identification of dynamic motifs and greater insights into their reversibility. We have fruitfully employed DCC of both thiolate coordination to main-group elements and disulfide formation for the facile self-assembly of: (1) metal/metalloid-thiolate assemblies, and (2) purely organic cyclic and caged disulfides, thioethers, and even hydrocarbons, many of which have remained elusive by traditional stepwise synthesis yet form readily through our methods. In this Minireview, we highlight the approaches to prepare these unusual compounds and the factors inducing structural transformations or favoring the formation of certain products over others, given a set of external stimuli or reaction conditions.

Magnetic Weyl semimetals with diamond structure realized in spinel compounds

Diamond-structure materials have been extensively studied for decades, which form the foundation for most semiconductors and their modern day electronic devices. Here, we discover a e$_g$-orbital ($d_{z^2}$,$d_{x^2-y^2}$ ) model within the diamond lattice (e$_g$-diamond model) that hosts novel topological states. Specifically, the e$_g$-diamond model yields a 3D nodal cage (3D-NC), which is characterized by a $d$-$d$ band inversion protected by two types of degenerate states (i.e., e$_g$-orbital and diamond-sublattice degeneracies). We demonstrate materials realization of this model in the well-known spinel compounds (AB$_2$X$_4$), where the tetrahedron-site cations (A) form the diamond sub-lattice. An ideal half metal with one metallic spin channel formed by well-isolated and half-filled e$_g$-diamond bands, accompanied by a large spin gap (4.36 eV) is discovered in one 4-2 spinel compound (VMg$_2$O$_4$), which becomes a magnetic Weyl semimetal when spin-orbit coupling effect is further considered. Our discovery greatly enriches the physics of diamond structure and spinel compounds, opening a door to their application in spintronics.

Reconstruction of calcaneus infective defect with 3D printing titanium cage and Masquelet technology

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of 3D printing titanium cage combined with Masquelet technology for the treatment of calcaneus infective defect. Methods Data of 5 cases with chronic calcaneus infectivedefect treated with regional flap, 3D printing titanium cage combined with Masquelet technology with rib autograft from January 2017 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 3 males and 2 females, with an average age of 37 years old (range, 17-52 years). The mechanism of the five patients included two motor vehicle incidents, two high fall injuries and one rolling compaction. All patients were treated by two-stage procedures. First stage included debridement, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) filling and regional flap coverage. The soft tissue defect of the 5 cases included 10 cm×8 cm in 2 cases, 8 cm×7 cm, 8 cm×5 cm, and 5 cm×3 cm each in one case. Bone defect included 4 cm×3 cm×2 cm in two cases, 3 cm×3 cm× 2 cm in two cases and 3 cm×1 cm×1 cm in one case. Second stage was 3D printing titanium cage combined with masquelet technology of rib autograft. Time of bone union, morphology of calcaneus, position of implant, Maryland score and AOFAS hind foot score were recorded to evaluate the clinical outcome. Results All five patients were followed up for an average time of 18.2 months (range, 12-30 months). Infection happened in one patient 2 months after first stage operation and successfully treated by debridement and PMMA replacement. Incision of the rest 4 cases all healed successfully. Germiculture of the five cases included Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in three cases, Staphylococcus epidermidis in one case and Bacterium coli in one case. All five patients got calcaneus bone union after second stage operation. The average time for bone union was 4.32 (range, 3-8) month. Bone trabecular were observed in CT scan 13 (range, 10-22) month post-operation. Average Maryland score in 12 months post-operation was 92 (range, 86-98) and average AOFAS ankle hind foot score was 89.8 (range, 83-100). Conclusion 3D printing titanium cage and Masquelet technology maybe an effective treatment for calcaneus infective defect. Key words: Calcaneus; Infection; Wounds and injuries

Pixelated Blazed Gratings for High Brightness Multiview Holographic 3D Display

Multiview 3D display can reveal wondrous information of a 3D image without any visual aids. Therefore, it has great potential in many applications, such as education, game, training, and design. Among all the multiview 3D display techniques, the one that is based on diffractive optics and metasurface can present 3D images with ultrawide field of view and low crosstalk. However, the brightness of diffractive multiview 3D display is limited by the diffraction efficiency. Moreover, the low fabrication efficiency and high cost limit the commercial development of 3D display based on metasurface. Here we propose a multiview 3D display based on multi-level pixelated blazed gratings. The period and orientation of each blazed grating in the view modulator is different to form a converged light field. A 4-view prototype was assembled by integrating the view modulator with a shadow mask for the modulation of light intensity. A 3D thoracic cage model was virtually projected within the viewing angle with minimum crosstalk. The light efficiency of the prototype is significantly improved to 60% for 4-level blazed gratings.

Nanogridarene: A Rising Nanomolecular Integration Platform of Organic Intelligence

Nanogridarene: A Rising Nanomolecular Integration Platform of Organic Intelligence

Q-Carbon: A New Carbon Allotrope with a Low Degree of s-p Orbital Hybridization and Its Nucleation Lithiation Process in Lithium-Ion Batteries.

A novel metallic carbon allotrope, Q-carbon, was discovered using first-principles calculations. The named Q-carbon possessed a three-dimensional (3D) cage structure formed by carbon atoms with three ligands. The energy distribution of electrons in different orbitals revealed that Q-carbon has a low degree of s-p orbital hybridization. The calculated Li+ binding energies suggested Li+ aggregation inside Q-carbon during lithiation. As a result, a Li8C32 phase was formed and gradually expanded in Q-carbon, implying a typical two-phase transition. This allowed Q-carbon to have a constant theoretical voltage of 0.40 V, which effectively inhibited Li dendrite formation. A stable Li8C32/C32 two-phase interface was confirmed by stress-strain analysis, and a calculated Li+ diffusion barrier of ∼0.50 eV ensured effective Li+ diffusion along a 3D pathway. This study was of great significance for the understanding of two-phase transition of Li+ storage materials and provided a new insight into the design of new carbon materials for energy storage applications.

Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Polyoxoniobates: Polyoxoniobate Metal Complex Cage and Cage Framework

AbstractThe combination of polyoxoniobates (PONbs) with 3d metal ions, azoles, and organoamines is a general synthetic procedure for making unprecedented PONb metal complex cage materials, including discrete molecular cages and extended cage frameworks. By this method, the first two PONb metal complex cages K4@{[Cu29(OH)7(H2O)2(en)8(trz)21][Nb24O67(OH)2(H2O)3]4} and [Cu(en)2]@{[Cu2(en)2(trz)2]6(Nb68O188)} have been made. The former exhibits a huge tetrahedral cage with more than 120 metal centers, which is the largest inorganic–organic hybrid PONb known to date. The later shows a large cubic cage, which can act as building blocks for cage‐based extended assembly to form a 3D cage framework {[Cu(en)2]@{[Cu2(trz)2(en)2]6[H10Nb68O188]}}. These materials exhibit visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic H2 evolution activity and high vapor adsorption capacity. The results hold promise for developing both novel cage materials and largely unexplored inorganic–organic hybrid PONb chemistry.

Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Polyoxoniobates: Polyoxoniobate Metal Complex Cage and Cage Framework.

The combination of polyoxoniobates (PONbs) with 3d metal ions, azoles, and organoamines is a general synthetic procedure for making unprecedented PONb metal complex cage materials, including discrete molecular cages and extended cage frameworks. By this method, the first two PONb metal complex cages K4 @{[Cu29 (OH)7 (H2 O)2 (en)8 (trz)21 ][Nb24 O67 (OH)2 (H2 O)3 ]4 } and [Cu(en)2 ]@{[Cu2 (en)2 (trz)2 ]6 (Nb68 O188 )} have been made. The former exhibits a huge tetrahedral cage with more than 120 metal centers, which is the largest inorganic-organic hybrid PONb known to date. The later shows a large cubic cage, which can act as building blocks for cage-based extended assembly to form a 3D cage framework {[Cu(en)2 ]@{[Cu2 (trz)2 (en)2 ]6 [H10 Nb68 O188 ]}}. These materials exhibit visible-light-driven photocatalytic H2 evolution activity and high vapor adsorption capacity. The results hold promise for developing both novel cage materials and largely unexplored inorganic-organic hybrid PONb chemistry.

SPIONs/3D SiSBA-16 based Multifunctional Nanoformulation for target specific cisplatin release in colon and cervical cancer cell lines

Multifunctional nanomaterials can be used for dual applications: drug delivery as well as in bioimaging. In current study, we investigated potential use of silica based supports; 3D cage type SiSBA-16 (S-16), monodispersed hydrophilic spherical silica (HYPS) and mesocellular foam (MSU-F) for cisplatin (Cp) delivery. To obtain magnetic resonance characteristics, 10 wt% iron oxide was loaded through enforced adsorption technique. For pH stimuli responsive release of Cp, 10 wt%SPIONs/S-16 was functionalized with 3-(Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (A) and poly acrylic acid (PAA) termed as 10 wt%SPIONs/S-16-A-Cp and 10 wt%SPIONs/S-16-APAA-Cp. By TEM analysis, the average diameter of the SPIONs was found to range between 10–60 nm. VSM analysis showed saturation magnetization over S-16, HYPS and MSU-F were in the following order: 10 wt%SPIONs/HYPS (4.08 emug−1) > 10 wt%SPIONs /S-16 (2.39 emug−1) > 10 wt%SPIONs/MSU-F (0.23 emug−1). Cp release study using dialysis membrane in PBS solution over 10 wt%SPIONs/S-16 nanoformulations showed highest cumulative release (65%) than 10 wt%SPIONs/MSU-F-A-Cp (63%), 10 wt%SPIONs/HYPS-A-Cp (58%), and Cp-F127/S-16 (53%), respectively. 10 wt%SPIONs/S-16-A-Cp and 10 wt%SPIONs/S-16-APAA-Cp were evaluated for in vitro target anticancer efficiency in human cancer cell lines (colon cancer (HCT 116), cervical cancer (HeLa)) and normal cells (Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) using MTT and DAPI staining. 10 wt%SPIONs/S-16-A-Cp treated Hela and HCT116 cancerous cell lines showed significant control of cell growth, apoptotic activity and less cytotoxic effect as compared to Cp and 10 wt%SPIONs/S-16. Target specific Cp release in the cells shows that 10 wt%SPIONs/S-16-A-Cp can be easily upgraded for magnetic resonance imaging capability.

Mixed ligand coordination complexes by using multicomponent ligand: Syntheses, characterization and effect of non-covalent interactions on their framework structures

Abstract Three new coordination complexes [Mn(L1)(μ-azide)(azide)]2⋅4H2O (1), [Mn(L1)(fum)]n (2) [L1 = 2methyl-N1,N2-bis(pyridin-2yl)propane-1,2-diamine, fum = Fumaric acid] and [Co(L2)(azide)] (3) [L2 = 6 phenyl-1,3,5-triazine 2,4-diyl amino(pyridine-2yl)methanol] have been synthesized and X-ray crystallographically characterized. Complex 1, a dinuclear Mn(II) complex is formed by bridging azide ligand and other coordination sites are satisfied by tetradentate ligand L1 and terminal azide ligand. The overall structure is an incomplete supramolecular 3D cage structure, formed by intermolecular π … π interaction of pyridyl ligand and hydrogen bonding. Complex 2 comprised of eight coordinated Mn(II) centre where ligand L1 and fumarate is bridged between the metal centers that leads to a one dimensional chain structure which further extended to a 3D structure by π … π and C–H … π interactions. The overall structure is further stabilized by hydrogen bonding with the guest water molecules. Complex 3, a six coordinated mononuclear Co(II) discrete complex is consist of pentadentate ligand L2 and azide act as a terminal ligand. This Mononuclear complex is connected by π … π, C–H … π interactions and hydrogen bonding which ultimately leads to a supramolecular 2D architecture. All the complexes have been further characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) studies.

254. 3D spinal alignment, thoracic volume and pulmonary function in surgical correction of AIS: a five-year follow-up study

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Surgical correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is advocated for severe curves to preserve or improve pulmonary function, prevent progressive deformity and pain, and improve self-appearance. Restoration of sagittal and 3D alignment, in particular thoracic kyphosis (TK), has become increasingly emphasized in efforts to improve pulmonary function, thoracic volumes, provide improved sagittal balance, and prevent adjacent segment degeneration and deformity. PURPOSE To study the effects of thoracic kyphosis restoration in AIS type 1 and 2 curves on postoperative thoracic volume and pulmonary function. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Retrospective review of prospective multicenter database. PATIENT SAMPLE Thirty-nine AIS patients with Type 1 and 2 curves with 5Y postoperative stereo-radiographic data and pulmonary function tests (PFTs). OUTCOME MEASURES Five-year spinal and rib cage measures and PFTs. METHODS A multicenter prospective registry of patients undergoing surgical correction of Type 1- and 2- AIS curves was queried for patients with 5-year postoperative visits including stereoradiographic assessment and PFTs. 3-dimensional (3D) radiographic analysis was performed to assess spinal alignment and chest wall dimensions at preoperative, first erect and 5 year postoperative time points. Variables were analyzed between time points with a one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey analysis, and between variables with linear regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 39 patients met the inclusion criteria (37F, age 14.4±2.2). 3D spine alignment analyses demonstrated significant reduction in pre-op to 1st erect upper thoracic (41.3° to 11.6°), mid-thoracic (48.6° to 9.55°) and lumbar Cobb angles (19.7° to 8.9°), an increase in TK:T2-12 (20.0° to 39.8°) and TK:T5-12 (9.8 to 28.2°), and reduction in proximal and mid-thoracic apical vertebral rotation (9.5° to 2.1°) from preoperative to 1st erect postoperative (p 0.05 for all). 3D rib cage analysis demonstrated there was a small reduction in maximal depth (144 mm to 138 mm), maximum width (235 mm to 232 mm), and increase in thoracic height (220 mm to 230 mm, p CONCLUSIONS While thoracic kyphosis increases, coronal Cobb and apical vertebral rotation decrease postoperatively, these do not directly influence chest wall volume. Chest wall volume continues to increase between from first erect to 5 years due to presumed growth, which corresponds with an improvement in FEV1 and FVC at 5 year follow-up. FDA DEVICE/DRUG STATUS This abstract does not discuss or include any applicable devices or drugs.

Does implantation site influence bone ingrowth into 3D-printed porous implants?

BACKGROUND CONTEXTThe potential for osseointegration to provide biological fixation for implants may be related to anatomical site and loading conditions. PURPOSETo evaluate the influence of anatomical site on osseointegration of 3D-printed implants. STUDY DESIGNA comparative preclinical study was performed evaluating bone ingrowth in cortical and cancellous sites in long bones as well as lumbar interbody fusion with posterior pedicle screw stabilization using the same 3D-printed titanium alloy design. METHODS3D-printed dowels were implanted in cortical bone and cancellous bone in adult sheep and evaluated at 4 and 12 weeks for bone ingrowth using radiography, mechanical testing, and histology/histomorphometry. In addition, a single-level lumbar interbody fusion using cages based on the same 3D-printed design was performed. The aperture was filled with autograft or ovine allograft processed with supercritical carbon dioxide. Interbody fusions were assessed at 12 weeks via radiography, mechanical testing, and histology/histomorphometry. RESULTSBone ingrowth in long bone cortical and cancellous sites did not translate directly to interbody fusion cages. While bone ingrowth was robust and improved with time in cortical sites with a line-to-line implantation condition, the same response was not found in cancellous sites even when the implants were placed in a press fit manner. Osseointegration into the porous walls with 3D porous interbody cages was similar to the cancellous implantation sites rather than the cortical sites. The porous domains of the 3D-printed device, in general, were filled with fibrovascular tissue while some bone integration into the porous cages was found at 12 weeks when fusion within the aperture was present. CONCLUSIONAnatomical site, surgical preparation, biomechanical loading, and graft material play an important role in in vivo response. Bone ingrowth in long bone cortical and cancellous sites does not translate directly to interbody fusions.