3D Body Scan Data Research Articles

체표면분할법에 의한 성인 남성용 피티드 토르소형 원형 설계

This study develops a fitted torso type basic pattern for men by utilizing 3D body scan data. Recent fashion trends are reflected in the development of the pattern. The subjects were 15 men in their 20's, who wear size 95 (M size). Body scan data was obtained through a 3D whole body scanner (WB4, Cyberware, USA), and a body surface development figure for developing male fitted torso type basic pattern was attained through the use of Rapid Form 2006 as well as Auto CAD 2006 programs. The results are as follows: A body surface development figure through body surface segment method showed high exactitude in an error range of 100<TEX>$\pm$</TEX>1%. In addition, it occurred in an error range of 100:1:3% because of the hard scanning conditions in the incline of the shoulder and armpit areas. However, the body surface development figure as well as the direct measurement results can be used as basic data for the given patternmaking since the error range falls into 100<TEX>$\pm$</TEX>3%. Dart amounts obtained from the average cross section were center back 2.2cm (24.3%), back armpit point 3.8cm (41.8%), front armpit point 3.0cm (33.9%). As shown the jacket pattern, the biggest dart amount was portioned out at the back armpit point. The drafting equations for the development pattern acquired are as follows; Full width=C/2+5cm, back length=height/4-1cm, armhole depth=(C/10+12cm)+3cm, back width=2C/10+2cm, front width=2C/10. The development pattern was a fitted torso basic pattern that was composed of 3 pieces, so it would be very useful in developing shirt or jacket patterns. According to the results of the evaluation of the developed pattern appearance, it obtained higher scores of over 3.5 points in almost items, meaning that the developed pattern is appropriate for a male fitted torso type basic pattern. It suggests a possibility of patternmaking from a body surface development figure in 2-D to prototype.

Fluctuating asymmetry and preferences for sex-typical bodily characteristics

Body size and shape seem to have been sexually selected in a variety of species, including humans, but little is known about what attractive bodies signal about underlying genotypic or phenotypic quality. A widely used indicator of phenotypic quality in evolutionary analyses is degree of symmetry (i.e., fluctuating asymmetry, FA) because it is a marker of developmental stability, which is defined as an organism's ability to develop toward an adaptive end-point despite perturbations during its ontogeny. Here we sought to establish whether attractive bodies signal low FA to observers, and, if so, which aspects of attractive bodies are most predictive of lower FA. We used a 3D optical body scanner to measure FA and to isolate size and shape characteristics in a sample of 77 individuals (40 males and 37 females). From the 3D body scan data, 360 degrees videos were created that separated body shape from other aspects of visual appearance (e.g., skin color and facial features). These videos then were presented to 87 evaluators for attractiveness ratings. We found strong negative correlations between FA and bodily attractiveness in both sexes. Further, sex-typical body size and shape characteristics were rated as attractive and correlated negatively with FA. Finally, geometric morphometric analysis of joint configurations revealed that sex-typical joint configurations were associated with both perceived attractiveness and lower FA for male but not for female bodies. In sum, body size and shape seem to show evidence of sexual selection and indicate important information about the phenotypic quality of individuals.

Automated side‐seam placement from 3D body scan data

PurposeThe three‐dimensional (3D) body scanner is an important new technology that will impact the design and production of apparel, but use of this tool is at an early stage of development. Appropriate measurement extractions from the complex 3D scans that will address the needs of apparel patternmakers are an essential part of the development process for this new tool. The paper aims to address these developments.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, a method of automatically locating the side seam for torso fitting garments from 3D body scans for a variety of body types was developed and tested. The method is based on the location of center points of body depth measurements, and five different body landmarks or combinations of body landmarks were tested to determine the best choice for implementation.FindingsBased on rankings and ratings of the results by apparel experts, a method using the average value of body depth measurements taken at about 100 locations equally spaced from the axilla to the crotch was chosen as the best solution.Research limitations/implicationsAdditional testing of this method and development of a method for locating the side seam for lower body garments is the next step in this research.Originality/valueIdentifying appropriate landmarks and body measurement extraction processes for apparel or style‐based measurements is as important as the more commonly derived anthropometric measures based on body landmarks. Landmarks such as side‐seam placement pose unique challenges that must be solved with analysis and reconstruction of style‐based data. The paper provides information on these factors.

노년 여성 3-D 입체형상 데이터를 활용한 상반신 원형 설계방법 연구

This study was designed to propose a method to draft bodice block pattern from 3D body scan data. Subjects were ten elderly women in their 60's, who wear basic size(B: 94cm, W: 82cm) garment. Scanning was done using 3D whole body scanner(WB4, Cyberware). Measurements for 3D data and cross section were attained using Auto CAD, by which a upper bodice pattern for elderly women was drawn on the basis of short measured method. The results are as following: As for most items, no significant differences were shown between measurements from Martin's anthropometry and those from 3D scan data, suggesting measurement from 3D scan data could be used to draft a pattern. The drafting equations acquired were as follows; width of pattern=B/2+5.5, width of waist=W/2+3.5cm, dart amount=8cm. Dart distributions were 23%(B.P.) : 20%(front armpit) : 17%(side seam) : 18%(back armpit) : 15%(back protruded point) : 7% (center back line). Through wearing test using 5-point Likert scale, resultant pattern was evaluated as appropriate for elderly women's pattern to get over 4 point. As a result, it might be said that 3D scanning application is effective for elderly women in that it doesn't take time so much as Martin's anthropometry and that their body shape vary compared with those of young women.

Prototype garment pattern flattening based on individual 3D virtual dummy

Purpose – In order to mass‐customize clothes, it is essential to create prototype pattern according to individual body shape. The purpose of this paper is to present a new method to generate prototype pattern based on individual three‐dimensional (3D) virtual dummy for further study on apparel customization.Design/methodology/approach – The symmetrized preprocessing and convex hull method are employed to create a dress‐like virtual dummy based on 3D body scanning data. The corresponding structure lines of 2D prototype pattern are defined on the 3D dummy in advance and 3D dummy surface (only half) is cut into ten zones. Based on the characteristics of each surface, further subdivision was made in each zone to create 3D wireframe of garment prototype by calculating the intersection curves between the dummy surface and local planners. Via flattening geometrically 3D wireframe of each zone, final pattern of the prototype is got. Moreover, during the course of flattening of each zone, define constrained lines ...

Basic garment pattern generation using geometric modeling method

PurposeThe generation of individually fit basic garment pattern is one of the most important steps in the garment‐manufacturing process. This paper seeks to present a new methodology to generate basic patterns of various sizes and styles using three‐dimensional geometric modeling method.Design/methodology/approachThe geometry of a garment is divided into fit zone and fashion zone. The geometry of fit zone is prepared from 3D body scan data and can be resized parametrically. The fashion zone is modeled using various parameters characterizing the aesthetic appearance of garments. Finally, the 3D garment model is projected into corresponding flat panels considering the physical properties of the base material as well as the producibility of the garment.FindingsThe main findings were geometric modeling and flat pattern generation method for various garments.Originality/valueParametrically deformable garment models enable the design of garments with various size and silhouette so that designers can obtain flat patterns of complex garments before actually making them. Also the number and direction of darts can be determined automatically considering the physical property of fabric.

Development of an Automated Process for the Creation of a Basic Skirt Block Pattern from 3D Body Scan Data

Creating custom clothing manually is a labor-intensive process. 7hree-dimensional (3D) body scanning technology can provide the means to automatically create custom-fitted patterns, but methods are needed. A process for developing a basic block skirt pattern from body scans was developed. A mathematical concept for describing the human body in two dimensions was explored using all relevant surface 3D data. Using this method, prototype patterns were generated directlyfrom the scan data of ive participants and tested in afit test. The participants felt that the prototype skirtsfit their bodies well.

Classification of Upper Body Somatotypes according to the Age Group: Using 3D-Body Scan Data

Classification of Upper Body Somatotypes according to the Age Group: Using 3D-Body Scan Data

Comparison of three-dimensional anthropometric body surface scanning to waist–hip ratio and body mass index in correlation with metabolic risk factors

In this study, we used a three-dimensional (3D) body scanner to evaluate subjects with central obesity. These measurements were correlated with blood pressure, blood glucose, lipid, and uric acid levels. We randomly selected 1,204 subjects who visited the Department of Health Management at Chang Gung Medical Center in Linkou. The health index (HI) was calculated as HI = (body weight × 2 × waist profile area)/[body height 2 × (breast profile area + hip profile area)]. Among the 1,204 subjects, body mass index (BMI) equal to or greater than 30 kg/m 2 was found in 8.3% of the subjects. Pearson correlation coefficient studies revealed that HI was a better index for correlating metabolic parameters than BMI and waist-to-hips girth ratio. Of the 1,204 subjects, 9.5% (114) had diabetes mellitus, according to American Diabetes Association criteria. The percentages of men and women with total cholesterol greater than or equal to 245 mg/dL were almost the same (11.0% vs. 11.1%). Elevated low-density lipoprotein (⩾130 mg/dL) was found in 36.9% (444) of subjects. In conclusion, HI as determined by 3D scanning, is another method to predict these metabolic abnormalities. Further prospective long-term follow-up study is needed to determine the relationships of 3D body scanning data and HI to blood pressure, blood glucose, lipid, and uric acid levels.

VR assisted surgery planning

We are developing a system called the virtual reality assisted surgery program (VRASP) for implementation in the hospital operating room (OR). VRASP will give the surgeon flexible intraoperatively computational support. It will permit modification and control of very large scan data sets in real time. It will render and transmit virtual imagery in response to the surgeon's commands without interfering with normal surgical activities. And it will register the displayed imagery simultaneously with respect to the surgeon and the patient, without perceptible computing or display lag. VRASP is being developed specifically to assist surgeons during craniofacial, neurologic, orthopedic, thoracic, and urologic surgery. VRASP will enable surgeons to interactively visualize 3D renderings of CT and MRI data with hands-free manipulation of the virtual display. The surgeon will be able to scale, orient, and position prescanned body imagery on-line in real time from any desired perspective. The clinical goal is dynamic fusing of 3D body scan data with the actual patient in the OR. The customized interface will permit ready on-line access to the preoperative plan and to update measurement and analysis based on the real time OR data.