3D Body Measurement Research Articles

Developing an Intelligent Model for the Construction a Hip Shape Recognition System Based on 3D Body Measurement

Developing an Intelligent Model for the Construction a Hip Shape Recognition System Based on 3D Body Measurement

Rapid and automatic 3D body measurement system based on a GPU–Steger line detector

This paper proposes a rapid and automatic measurement system to acquire a 3D shape of a human body. A flexible calibration method was developed to decrease the complexity in system calibration. To reduce the computation cost, a GPU-Steger line detector was proposed to more rapidly detect the center of the laser pattern and at subpixel level. The processing time of line detection is significantly shortened by the GPU-Steger line detector, which can be over 110 times faster than that by CPU. The key technologies are introduced, and the experimental results are presented in this paper to illustrate the performance of the proposed system. The system can be used to measure human body surfaces with nonuniform reflectance such as hair, skin, and clothes with rich texture.

Finite element modelling of Chinese male office workers’ necks using 3D body measurements

Recognizing the influence of occupational habits on human morphology, there has been a discernible increase in research taking anthropometric body measurements of a target population for the purpose of customized product development and production to meet different customer needs. This study aims to develop a 3D neck model for the Chinese young male office workers with a goal to provide a tool to maximize the ergonomic fit and comfort of the collar part of apparel products. A total of 200 male Chinese office workers meeting the sampling criteria were recruited for this study. Using factor analysis, the raw 3D measurements were reduced to a six-factor seven-measure model, capturing majority of the neck structure information. Based on these 7 neck measurements, the 200 subjects were classified through K means cluster analysis into 4 clusters. The cluster with largest number of subjects was chosen for the 3D neck model development. This 3D model includes three layers: the skin layer, the soft tissue layer and the skeleton layer. Comparing to 2D neck models, this three-layer 3D neck model provides a better and closer imitation of real human necks, permitting simulation and investigation of the pressure-deformation process that a neck experiences during wearing.

3D Body Scanning Measurement System Associated with RF Imaging, Zero-padding and Parallel Processing

Abstract This work presents a novel signal processing method for high-speed 3D body measurements using millimeter waves with a general processing unit (GPU) and zero-padding fast Fourier transform (ZPFFT). The proposed measurement system consists of a radio-frequency (RF) antenna array for a penetrable measurement, a high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for significant data acquisition, and a general processing unit for fast signal processing. The RF waves of the transmitter and the receiver are converted to real and imaginary signals that are sampled by a high-speed ADC and synchronized with the kinematic positions of the scanner. Because the distance between the surface and the antenna is related to the peak frequency of the conjugate signals, a fast Fourier transform (FFT) is applied to the signal processing after the sampling. The sampling time is finite owing to a short scanning time, and the physical resolution needs to be increased; further, zero-padding is applied to interpolate the spectra of the sampled signals to consider a 1/m floating point frequency. The GPU and parallel algorithm are applied to accelerate the speed of the ZPFFT because of the large number of additional mathematical operations of the ZPFFT. 3D body images are finally obtained by spectrograms that are the arrangement of the ZPFFT in a 3D space.

3차원 인체 측정을 이용한 청소년기 여성의 유방 발육 변화 추이 및 특성 연구 - 만 13~18세를 중심으로 -

The purpose of this study was to analyze the breast growth variation trends and characteristics of Korean adolescent girls based on 3D body measurements. Subjects were 174 girls aged between 13 and 18. 3D body scanning data were collected and the data were measured by Geomagic Design X program. The total of 18 anthropometric measurements and 4 index items were analyzed. The main results of this study are as follows: 1) Overall, the breast growth of adolescent girls got out of children`s body shapes at the age of 14 and the adult`s body shapes appeared remarkably at the age of 18. Before the age of 15, the adolescent girls` breast enlarged. 2) The surface lengths of upper body, which means the breast volume, showed significant growth above B cup groups rather than under A cup groups. The demand of B cup size (32.2%) was higher than A cup size (25.9%). And 35.6% of subjects` brassiere band size was 70. 3) The thorax grew evenly in the circumference, depth and breadth. The thoracic development related to the breast volume as well as the whole upper body`s development. These results reveal that it is necessary to develop adolescent girls` brassiere reflecting on adolescent girls` breast growth variation trends and characteristics by age, breast size and thoracic development.

A study on the variation trends and characteristics of the adolescent girls' breast growth based on 3D body measurements- Focused on the ages from 13 to 18 -

A study on the variation trends and characteristics of the adolescent girls' breast growth based on 3D body measurements- Focused on the ages from 13 to 18 -

The Design and Realization of Human Body Database Management System Based on Non-Contact 3D Body Measurement

Non-contact 3D body measurement, which has been the main way to gain human body information,but the large amount of information it gains is hard to save. So, management system of non-contact body measurement database, which uses C# and SQL database, is designed to save the information correctly and properly. It takes C/S model to set up the application platform based on 3D body measurement that has friendly interface and is convenient to use. Meanwhile, the platform has certain expansion space, realizing the input, query, analysis and backup of the data as well as customer-oriented online search and figure type analysis. The system provides basic data for company production, research of fashion theory by academic institutions as well as deeper excavation of human body data.

30대 여성 유방형태 분류에 관한 연구

The purpose of this study is to provide basic information for the development of well-fitting and comfortable brassieres for women in their 30s, based on the classification of breast shapes by utilizing 3D body measurement data of women in the age group.The result of processing the measurements from the 3D body scan data through RapidForm 2006 shows that while the vertical body measurements decrease, the horizontal measurements, which indicates the degree of obesity, increase proportionally with age. Also, the relevant meas-urements for upper breasts increase proportionally with age, while the measurements for lower part of the breasts decrease as the degree of sagging increases. Four composition factors of the breasts were identified through the factor analysis: Factor 1 is the level of volume in the breasts and the surrounding area; Factor 2 is the position of nipples and the shape of upper part of breasts; Factor 3 is the position and vertical length of the breasts; Factor 4 is the shape of lower part of breasts; and Factor 5 is the shape of inner part of breasts and degree of width between both breasts. The breasts have been categorized into three distinctive shapes: Breast Shape 1, Breast Shape 2 and Breast Shape 3. According to the results of the cluster analysis, the largest percentage (36.68%) of women in their 30s falls into the category of Breast Shape 2 with small volume and flat upper breasts, followed by Breast Shape 1 (32.66%) with large volume in the up-per and lower parts of breasts, and large side to side area, and Breast Shape 3 (30.65%) with average volume and width between breasts.Key words: breasts(), breast shapes(), women in their 30s(30)

Analysis on Technology Framework of 3D Virtual Fitting Based on Network

This paper first introduced the demand situation and difficulties which virtual fitting technology met under the environment of network, then gave an discussion of how to realize the technology framework of virtual fitting system, and this paper Summarized that the technology can be mainly divided into several aspects: 3D body measurement technology, digital human model fitting and 3D virtual fitting simulation etc.

Analysis of Young Women’s Lower Limb Shape Based on 3D Body Measurement

In order to provide references for people to design and purchase bottoms, this paper takes area 223 female college students in Hangzhou as the research object. We collect the human data by non-contact 3D body scanner and manual measurement. We also use SPSS18.0 software to analysis the factor of the data, extracting 4 factors to identify the feature of young female lower body. Then make cluster analysis of the 4 factors and classify the lower body into 5 categories. Combine with the waist full to complete size and type classification under GB/T 1335.2-2008.

A study on procedure for classifying male muscular lower body somatotype from general anthropometric database

The most researches developing pattern of compression style sportswear were targeted at the live model that has muscular body build. The purpose of this study was developing a method for classifying men's lower body types in terms of muscular body build. The 3D human body scan data and body measurements of 30s of Size Korea were analyzed. The subjects (n=203) were men between the ages of 30 and 39 years. Men's muscular body build was classified with two key dimensions, thigh girth and calf girth. The subjects were divided into four groups. From each group, average subjects (n=42) whose height and weight were close to the mean value (<TEX>$mean{\pm}1/2$</TEX> S.D.) were selected. 42 subjects were divided up as four groups. Group I (n=7) was thigh and calf developed body type. Group II (n=9) was thigh developed body type. Group III (n=11) was calf developed body type. Group IV (n=15) was thigh and calf undeveloped body type. Four groups had distinct different at widths (n=4), depths (n=4), and girths (n=9) dimensions. The results showed that the muscular men in their 30s could be defined by thigh and calf girths. The thigh developed muscular men had thigh girth over 60cm and the calf developed muscular men had calf girth over 38cm. From each group one representative was selected by 3D body scan figure.

Female Apparel Consumers’ Understanding of Body Size and Shape

This study assessed the reliability of the self-perceived lower-body size and shape using 3D body-scanning technology. Comparison of each participant's measurements on the relevant variables to categorized Size USA data provided a method of identifying where an individual is placed in relation to the population. Comparing perceptions (survey results) to actual placement in the population (derived from a participant's 3D body measurements) gave insight into how different categories of participants viewed themselves and how valid their self-assessments were at various locations on the body. This study also analyzed the relationship between garment fit satisfaction, body cathexis, and self-perception of lower-body size and shape for each body location because apparel companies have had difficulty in understanding fit from a consumer's perspective. The researchers expect that the analyses of the influences of body cathexis and body perceptions on fit satisfaction can help apparel companies further understand their customers' fit satisfaction goals.

CLO 3D 아바타 사이징과 실제인체간의 치수 및 형태 차이 비교 분석

This study aims to use the avatar sizing system of the 3D apparel CAD program instead of the existing 3D body scanners, and to commercialize 3D personal avatars. Towards these ends, the study examined a difference between a 3D avatar and actual body was determined to verify the 3D avatar sizing system. For the experiment, three subjects were selected, were measured as they were, and were made to undergo 3D body scanning and photographing. Then, using avatar sizing system on the 3D apparel CAD program, three types of virtual bodies, namely 3D avatars. The 3D avatar and actual body measurements were compared, and 3D avatars and 3D body-scanned shapes were likewise compared. As a result, the three types of actual bodies and their 3D avatars that were created based on the sizing system of the 3D apparel CAD program were overall similar. but, the thin body-YY type and the normal body-A type were different from their avatars. In the case of type B, who had a bulging abdomen, the 3D avatar was bigger than the actual body as measured. Also, in all body shapes, the girths around the chest, waist and abdomen were produced with exaggerated muscular amounts compared to their actual muscular amounts.

3D Body Measurement System Based on Structured Light

This paper presents a 3D body measurement system based on structured light. We analyze the principal of projection profile measurement and model binocular system with two cameras which comprise a stereo vision system. The goal of calibration method is to achieve the high accuracy for human body dimensions. The system software based on VS 2008 and OpenGL provides a visual interface with standard data interface for CAD/CAM.

중국 성인여성의 직접계측과 3D Body scanning 치수 비교 연구

This study intend to analyze differences between 3D body scanning sizes and direct measurement sizes of same subjects. The subjects of study are female students of university in China. 3D data analyze as a 3D Body Measurement Soft System. The conclusion found is as below: In case of circumferences, error between direct-measurement size and 3D body scanning size is from 4.9mm to 62.2mm. The neck circumference size of directmeasurement is bigger than 3D body scanning size. The height error range is from 0.6mm to 51mm. Height of underbust, waist and hip are that direct-measurement sizes are higher than 3D body scanning sizes. Gap of width is from 3.8mm to 21.9mm. The gap range is too narrow relatively to others. Only direct-measurement size of neck width is wider than 3D body scanning size. Error range of length is from 0.3mm to 41.8mm. 3D body scanning sizes of lateral neck to waistline, upperarm length, arm length, neck shoulder point to breast point, shoulder center point to breast point, lateral shoulder to breast point are longer than direct-measurement sizes. They have a negative margin of error. I intend to set up same measurement point between direct-measurement and 3D body scanning but they have some errors because direct-measurement point is applied by a person. 3D body scanning measurement point is settled by automatic system. A measurement point of direct-measurement and 3D body scanning isn't unite. So we need to make a standard of setting up measurement points.

Classification and Identification of Young Females’ Shoulder Shape Using the Fisher Discriminant Analysis Based on 3D Body Measurement

In order to improve the fitting of garment on shoulder, the measurement of 275 young females aged from 20-24 were taken with 3D-body scanner; the position data relating to the shoulder was conducted using cluster analysis, and extracted 5 characteristic indices that contained almost information of shoulder shape; the rationality of clustering shoulder shape to 4 different types was tested and verified through using one-way analysis of variance; then established the Fisher Discriminant Analysis (FDA) model to identify the young females’ shoulder shape. The result showed that the forecasting model of Fisher Discriminant Analysis (FDA) had excellent performance, high prediction accuracy, so it provided a new method to identify young females’ shoulder shape.

Automatic body landmark identification for various body figures

In this paper, we presented automatic body landmark identification algorithms that deals flexibly with the difference in body shapes and reduces the inconsistency resulting from the differences in body shapes. First, the landmark search range was defined using the statistical analysis. Next, body scan direction was identified and it was segmented. Next, automatic landmark identification algorithms were developed for each of the six landmarks and the accuracy was examined for each body shape. The scans were extracted from 5th Size Korea database. This algorithms were successfully tested on various body shapes and improved the robustness. Relevance to industry In automatic body measurement systems, the landmark location error occurring at nonstandard body shapes nullifies the advantage of saving time. It also makes the 3D scan measurements unreliable. The improvement of reliability and accuracy of the automatic 3D body measurement algorithm for various human body shapes will reduce the time for performing measurements and be practical for use in human-size-related production processes.

The Application of 3D Digital Technology to Fashion Design

With the development of China computer technology and social economy, the requirement to the quality, the fitness and individuation is higher and higher, and the present two-dimensional garment CAD technology has not fulfilled the requirement of CAD application in the garment industry, so the garment CAD urgently needs to be developed from the present panel design to the 3D design. Therefore, in recent years, many theoretical researches and practical applications of 3D body measurement, 3D garment assistant design and dummy garment design occur in domestic and foreign markets.

Classification of Three-Dimensional Body Shape Based on the Extraction of Body Shape Image Words for Young Women-Impressions of Body Shape Image for Selecting Well-suited Garments-

We hoped to extract support information to enable the se lection o f the well-suited g arments to fit three-dimensional body (hereafter 3D-body) shape images o f young women. The 3 D-body simulations for evaluating the shape images were created by means o f non-tactile 3D-body measurement. Two hundred words were selected to describe various body sh ape images. Six k ey words indicating full-length body images (As : A1. Underweight, A2. Feminine, A3. Ideal, A4. Standard, A5. Masculine, andA6. Overweight figures) and 19 key words for p artial body image (Bs : B1. Leg thickness to B19. Body shape) were extracted for the classification. The 3 D-body shape images of 82 young females were evaluated o n a scale o f 1 to 5 u sing these k ey words. Six p rincipal components o f 3 D-body shape images (As and Bs) were extracted, and 7 3 D-body shape image groups (5 full-length and 2 p artial) were classified using those 5 principal component scores.

Prediction of men's shirt pattern based on 3D body measurements

PurposeThe paper discusses the prediction of shirt patterns for different body sizes using multiple linear regression (MLR).Design/methodology/approach – A total of 29 pattern parameters from men's tailor‐made shirt and 34 body parameters obtained from a body scanner were designed for analysis. MLR has been applied to examine the underlying relationship between shirt pattern parameters and body measurements.Findings– Compared with formulae from the pattern expert, the prediction of shirt pattern from MLR has been improved.Originality/value – The findings could help to predict pattern size with different body sizes more accurately.