2D Atom Localization Research Articles

Efficient control of high-precision three-dimensional atom localization via probe absorption in a five-level phase-coherent atomic system

We propose a new scheme for high-precision three-dimensional (3D) atom localization by observing the spatially modulated absorption of a weak probe field operating in a partially closed-loop dependent five-level atomic system. Different spatial structures of localization patterns are presented by controlling the Rabi frequency, detuning, and field-induced collective phase-coherence with a variety of superposed standing wave field configurations. Our results highlight that 100% detection probability of atom is possible in the present model in many ways with high precision measurement of spatial absorption. It has been shown that, in the presence of standing wave fields, position information of the atom with maximum detection probability can be efficiently controlled by employing the travelling-wave field in the system. In the present work, we note that the maximum detection probability of the atom is attainable with the limit of spatial resolution better than λ/50. The efficacy of the present model is to find its application in atom nanolithography and atom-imaging having importance in quantum information processing.

High-precision two- and three- dimensional atom localization in a microwave and radio-frequency driven Δ∇ system

We introduce a new approach for precise and high-resolution two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) atom localization in a four-level Δ∇ atomic system driven by microwave (M) and radio frequency (R) fields. In the proposed work, additional microwave and radio-frequency fields are utilized for an efficient control of the localization precision. Due to the spatially varying atom-field interaction, the probe susceptibility become position dependent and therefore, one can directly ascertain the position probability distribution of an atom by analyzing the probe spectra. The phase-sensitive property of the atomic system plays a significant role in substantially reducing the uncertainty associated with atom position measurements. We have studied the system behavior through the analysis of dressed states, which forms the basis for its physical interpretation. The increase in precision for measuring the atom’s position is a result of interference between one-photon excitation and the phase-dependent three-photon excitation arising from the closed interacting contour within the laser-driven atomic system, as demonstrated through both numerical calculations and qualitative analyses. The findings indicate that precise sub-wavelength atom localization can be attained by appropriately adjusting the system parameters. Also, the optimal adjustment of these parameters can lead to 100% probability of locating the atom at a particular position within 2D and 3D subspaces.

Microwave enhanced precision in 2D and 3D atom localization at nonzero temperatures

Two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) atom localization is analyzed by monitoring the probe absorption spectrum in a microwave driven X-type scheme. It is found that for both stationary and moving atom cases, the precision and certainty in atomic position can be significantly improved by proper adjustment of the system parameters. Our results also reveal that the high microwave field strength curbs the Doppler broadening effect to a large extent and enhances detection probability to 100% in 2D and 3D subspace at nonzero temperatures. Our proposed scheme may be helpful for experimental realization of high precision position measurement and atom nanolithography at room temperature.

Three-dimensional atom localization with high-precision and high-resolution via a microwave field in an atomic system

A scheme for three-dimensional (3D) atom localization with high-precision and high-resolution is proposed and its control is studied in a four-level atomic system driven by an additional microwave field. Because of the spatial dependent interaction between atoms and standing wave fields, the atoms can be localized in a domain with widths as small as 0.014λ by appropriately adjusting the system parameters. The probe absorption spectrum of the atomic system gives the position information of the atoms and different evolution patterns of the localization structures in this study. The population distribution and its 3D localization structures can be easily adjusted by parameters of the microwave field, which can achieve a 100% probability of observing the atom in a specific space and the accuracy with the value of 0.014λ. Compared with 1D or 2D localizations, 3D localization can further improve the precision of position measurement and develop its spatial resolution, which may produce a wider variety of practical applications with high precision requirement.

High-resolution three-dimensional atomic microscopy via double electromagnetically induced transparency

We aim to present a new scheme for high-dimensional atomic microscopy via double electromagnetically induced transparency in a four-level tripod system. For atom–field interaction, we construct a spatially dependent field by superimposing three standing-wave fields (SWFs) in 3D-atom localization. We achieve a high precision and high spatial resolution of an atom localization by appropriately adjusting the system variables such as field intensities and phase shifts. We also see the impact of Doppler shift and show that it dramatically deteriorates the precision of spatial information on 3D-atom localization. We believe that our suggested scheme opens up a fascinating way to improve the atom localization that supplies some practical applications in atom nanolithography, and Bose–Einstein condensation.

High-precision three-dimensional Rydberg atom localization in a four-level atomic system* *Project supported by the National R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0304203), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61875112, 61705122, 62075121, and 91736209), the Program for Sanjin Scholars of Shanxi Province, the Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province for International Cooperation (Grant No. 201803D421034), Shanxi

Rydberg atoms have been widely investigated due to their large size, long radiative lifetime, huge polarizability and strong dipole-dipole interactions. The position information of Rydberg atoms provides more possibilities for quantum optics research, which can be obtained under the localization method. We study the behavior of three-dimensional (3D) Rydberg atom localization in a four-level configuration with the measurement of the spatial optical absorption. The atomic localization precision depends strongly on the detuning and Rabi frequency of the involved laser fields. A 100% probability of finding the Rydberg atom at a specific 3D position is achieved with precision of ∼0.031λ. This work demonstrates the possibility for achieving the 3D atom localization of the Rydberg atom in the experiment.

Controllable two- and three-dimensional atom localization via spontaneously generated coherence

A scheme for two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) atom localization in a four-level N-type atomic system is proposed. The scheme is based on the probe absorption measurement when the atom passes through the orthogonal standing-wave fields. Using the electromagnetically induced transparency, we prove that the probe field absorption is spatially localized in sub-wavelength domain. We also show that the spatial resolution of 2D and 3D atom localization strongly depends on the probe field detuning, the quantum interference parameters induced by spontaneous emission, and the relative phase between the driving fields.

High-dimensional atomic microscopy in surface plasmon polaritons* *Project supported by CAS-TWAS Presidential fellowship and Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC) fellowship.

We develop a new scheme of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) atom localization via absorption and gain spectra of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in a closed loop four-level atomic system. For the atom–field interaction, we construct a spatially dependent field by superimposing two (three) standing-wave fields (SWFs) in 2D (3D) atom localization, respectively. We achieve high-precision and high spatial resolution of an atom localization by appropriately adjusting the system parameters such as probe field detuning and phase shifts of the SWFs. The absorption and gain spectra are used to attain information about the position of an atom in SPPs. Our proposed scheme opens up a fascinating way to improve the atom localization that supplies some practical applications in a high-dimensional SPPs.

High-precision three-dimensional atom localization via probe absorption at room temperature

A scheme is used to explore the behavior of three-dimensional (3D) atom localization in a Y-type hot atomic system. We can obtain the position information of the atom due to the position-dependent atom–field interaction. We study the influences of the system parameters and the temperature on the atom localization. More interestingly, the atom can be localized in a subspace when the temperature is equal to 323 K. Moreover, a method is proposed to tune multiparameter for localizing the atom in a subspace. The result is helpful to achieve atom nanolithography, photonic crystal and measure the center-of-mass wave function of moving atoms.

High-precision three dimensional atom localization via multiphoton quantum destructive interference.

We propose an effective scheme for high-precision three dimensional(3D) atom localization via measuring the population of excited state in a four-level atomic system driven by a probe field and three orthogonal standing-wave fields. In this scheme, the position-dependent multiphoton quantum destructive interference leads to multiphoton excitation of the excited state and enhances the fluorescence emission. We show that adjusting the frequency detuning and phase shifts associated with the standing-wave fields can modify the multiphoton quantum destructive interference and lead to a redistribution of the atoms. The maximal probability of finding the atom at the certain position in one period of the standing-wave fields can be 100% and the highest spatial precision is about 0.02λ.

Precision in two-and three-dimensional atom localization via detuning and phase shifts using four-level tripod atomic system

The high-precision position measurement scheme of a single atom in two-dimensions and three-dimensions is investigated in a four-level tripod-type system. The atom interacts with the two orthogonal standing wave fields (OSWFs) and three OSWFs for two- and three-dimensional (2D, 3D) atom localization. The high-precision position of the atom is observed by adjusting the suitable system parameters. We achieve a high-precision single localized peak in the 2D plane and a single localized sphere smaller than the cubic optical wavelength in 3D volume space. We also see the impact of the Doppler shift on atom localization in 2D and 3D. We show that the Doppler shift dramatically deteriorates the precision of spatial information. The proposed high-precision atom localization scheme has applications in laser cooling and Bose–Einstein condensation phenomena.

Two-dimensional atom localization via a combination of the standing-wave and Gaussian fields

The localization of atom is studied in two-dimensional (2D) in a four-level V-type atomic system by using the Gaussian field. The atom localization is investigated through the absorption spectrum of the weak probe field inside two orthogonal standing-wave fields. We consider three hypotheses for the interaction between the atom and fields (standing-wave and Gaussian fields), each hypothesis is considered individually. We obtain the expression for the first-order approximation of the absorption of the probe field mathematically for the hypothesis (I). The Gaussian field parameter plays an important role in the precision of the atom localization. The 2D atom localization can be dependent on the detuning of the probe field (resonance and off-resonance), the Rabi frequencies and the phase shifts.

Optical localization of a single atom in three-dimensional space based on double-channel interaction

The actual location of an atom in three-dimensional (3D) space is described by spatial-dependent atom-field interaction, which has potential applications in many fields, including optical imaging techniques, 3D nanolithograghy, Bose–Einstein condensation, and dual-measurement of center-of-mass wave function. Here, we propose a scheme to realize single atom localization in 3D space based on double-channel interactions. By exploiting the property of the spontaneously emitted photon, high-precision 3D atom localization, such as sphere-like pattern, ellipsoid-like pattern, funnel-like pattern, and ring-like structure can be achieved. These localization phenomena are the consequence of the quantum interference among multiple decay pathways. Furthermore, we show that with the system parameters specifically tuned, a high degree of localization of atom is enabled in a sub-wavelength range. Different from other 3D schemes, our proposed system is more robust under the influence of double-channel interactions. Our findings could be instructive for understanding the localization mechanisms in such a system with competitive decay channels.

Atom localization in five-level atomic system driven by an additional incoherent pump

We propose a new scheme for two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) atom localization via spatial quantum interference in a five-level atomic system driven by an additional incoherent pump. Because of the position-dependent atom–field interaction, the position information of the atom can be obtained by the measurement of the probe absorption. We find that the 3D atom localization is obtained with high precision by adjusting the incoherent pump. In particular, we show that adjusting the incoherent pump can lead to a redistribution of the atoms and a significant change in the visibility of the interference pattern. As a result, the atom can be localized in volumes that are substantially smaller than a cubic optical wavelength.

High-precision three-dimensional atom localization via Kerr nonlinearity

Recently, there have been many schemes for achieving high-dimensional atom localization via measuring the first-order linear susceptibility. Here, we present a new scheme for high-precision three-dimensional (3D) atom localization in a three-level atomic system based on the Kerr nonlinearity, which refers to the real part of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility. Due to the space-dependent atom-field interaction, the position information of the atom can be determined by measuring Kerr nonlinearity in 3D space. Interestingly, by properly varying the parameters of the system, we find that there is only a small sphere in 3D space, which means the probability of finding the atom at a particular position can be 100%. Our scheme not only shows a new way to achieve high-precision and high-efficiency 3D atom localization but also provides some potential applications in high-dimensional atom nanolithography.

Efficient three-dimensional atom localization using probe absorption in a diamond-configuration atomic system

A new scheme for three-dimensional (3D) atom localization is proposed based on measuring the probe absorption spectra in a four-level diamond-configuration atomic system, in which the atom interacts with three orthogonal standing-wave laser fields. Due to spatial-dependent interaction between atom and fields, position information of the atom can be obtained by measuring the absorption spectra of the weak probe field. The results show that atom localization properties can be significantly improved and some interesting spatial localization structures such as double-layer lantern-like, single-layer lantern-like, gourd-like, cylinder-like, and ellipsoid-like patterns can be achieved when we adjust system parameters properly. Most importantly, we can find the atom at a particular position in 3D space with 100% probability under appropriate conditions.

Three-dimensional atom localization via spontaneous emission in a four-level atom

We investigate high-precision three-dimensional (3D) atom localization in a coherently-driven, fourlevel atomic system via spontaneous emission. Space-dependent atom-field interactions allow atomic position information to be obtained by measuring spontaneous emission. By properly varying system parameters, atoms within a certain range can be localized with nearly a probability of 100% and a maximal resolution of ~ 0.04λ. This scheme may be useful for the high-precision measurement of the center-of-mass wave functions of moving atoms and in atom nanolithography.

High-precision three-dimensional atom localization in a three-level pump–probe atomic system

We propose a new scheme for three-dimensional (3D) atom localization controlled by incoherent pump in a three-level Λ-type atomic system. The spatial position information of an atom in 3D space can be achieved via measuring probe gain and absorption when the atom passes through three mutually perpendicular standing-wave fields. It is found that high-detecting-probability and high-precision 3D atom localization can be obtained via properly adjusting the relevant parameters in the presence of the combination of a traveling-wave field and three orthogonal standing-wave fields. Furthermore, it is also shown that the incoherent pumping field can switch the localization patterns from the probe-gain sphere to the probe-absorption sphere and enhance 3D atom-localization precision.

Three-dimensional atom localization via spontaneous emission from two different decay channels

We investigate the three-dimensional (3D) atom localization in an atomic system coupled by three coherent fields via spontaneous emission from two different decay channels. It is found that the spatial distribution and the precision of 3D atom localization are very different in two different decay channels. Interestingly, by properly varying the phase shifts of the standing-wave fields, the almost 100% probability of finding an atom in 3D space can be reached in two different decay channels. As a result, we can achieve efficient and high-precision 3D atom localization.

Three-dimensional atom localization via probe absorption in a cascade four-level atomic system

Abstract For an atomic system with cascade four-level type, a useful scheme about three-dimensional (3D) atom localization is proposed. In our scheme the atomic system is coherently controlled by using a radio-frequency field to couple with two-folded levels under the condition of the existence of probe absorption. Our results show that detecting precision of 3D atom localization may be obviously improved by properly adjusting the frequency detuning and strength of the radio-frequency driving field. So our scheme could be helpful to realize 3D atom localization with high-efficiency and high-precision . In the field of laser cooling or the atom nano-lithography, our studies provide potential applications.