Precision in two-and three-dimensional atom localization via detuning and phase shifts using four-level tripod atomic system

Abstract

The high-precision position measurement scheme of a single atom in two-dimensions and three-dimensions is investigated in a four-level tripod-type system. The atom interacts with the two orthogonal standing wave fields (OSWFs) and three OSWFs for two- and three-dimensional (2D, 3D) atom localization. The high-precision position of the atom is observed by adjusting the suitable system parameters. We achieve a high-precision single localized peak in the 2D plane and a single localized sphere smaller than the cubic optical wavelength in 3D volume space. We also see the impact of the Doppler shift on atom localization in 2D and 3D. We show that the Doppler shift dramatically deteriorates the precision of spatial information. The proposed high-precision atom localization scheme has applications in laser cooling and Bose–Einstein condensation phenomena.