3D Media Research Articles

The Development of Pop Up 3D General Map Using Discovery Learning Models to Improve Creativity and Learning Outcomes of Social Studies Grade V Elementary School

The researcher was interested in developing learning media "3D Pop Up general map". This study aims to develop a 3D Pop Up general map media and describe the feasibility and effectiveness of improving the creativity and learning outcomes of social studies material in the Indonesian geographical characteristics of grade V elementary school. This research was conducted in Ujung IX/ 34 SDN, Semampir, Surabaya in the second semester of the 2018-2019 academic year. The development of learning media in this study uses a 4-D model. In this study used instruments in the form of validation sheets, student activity observation sheets during learning, teacher and student response questionnaires to the media, student learning creativity observation sheets, and learning outcomes tests, affective and psychomotor observation sheets. The results of the study show: (1) the learning media developed meet the criteria: (a) the validity shown through the validator's assessment of the learning media is very good; (b) feasibility is shown through teacher and student responses to positive media questionnaires; (c) effectiveness, indicated by student activities in learning in the ideal time span, observations of student learning creativity when learning increases, completeness of cognitive, affective and psychomotor learning outcomes also increases. Thus the "3D Pop Up general map" can be used as an alternative to social studies learning in the fifth grade of elementary school.

3D non-conforming mesh model for flow in fractured porous media using Lagrange multipliers

This work presents a modeling approach for single-phase flow in 3D fractured porous media with non-conforming meshes. To this end, a Lagrange multiplier method is combined with a parallel variational transfer approach. This Lagrange multiplier method enables the use of non-conforming meshes and depicts the variable coupling between fracture and matrix domain. The variational transfer allows general, accurate, and parallel projection of variables between non-conforming meshes (i.e. between fracture and matrix domain). Comparisons of simulations with 2D benchmarks show good agreement, and the applied finite element Lagrange multiplier spaces show good performance. The method is further evaluated on 3D fracture networks by comparing it to results from conforming mesh simulations which were used as a reference. Application to realistic fracture networks with hundreds of fractures is demonstrated. Mesh size and mesh convergence are investigated for benchmark cases and 3D fracture network applications. Results demonstrate that the Lagrange multiplier method, in combination with the variational transfer approach, is capable of modeling single-phase flow through realistic 3D fracture networks.

3D Prestack Fourier Mixed-Domain (FMD) depth migration for VTI media with large lateral contrasts

Although many 3D One-Way Wave-equation Migration (OWEM) methods exist for VTI media, most of them struggle either with the stability, the anisotropic noise or the computational cost. In this paper we present a new method based on a mixed space- and wavenumber-propagator that overcome these issues very effectively as demonstrated by the examples. The pioneering methods of phase-shift (PS) and Stolt migration in the frequency-wavenumber domain designed for laterally homogeneous media have been followed by several extensions for laterally inhomogeneous media. Referred many times to as phase-screen or generalized phase-screen methods, such extensions include as main examples of the Split-step Fourier (SSF) and the phase-shift plus interpolation (PSPI). To further refine such phase-screen techniques, we introduce a higher-order extension to SSF valid for a 3D VTI medium with large lateral contrasts in vertical velocity and anisotropy parameters. The method is denoted Fourier Mixed-Domain (FMD) prestack depth migration and can be regarded as a stable explicit algorithm. The FMD technique was tested using the 3D SEG/EAGE salt model and the 2D anisotropic Hess model with good results. Finally, FMD was applied with success to a 3D field data set from the Barents Sea including anisotropy.

Stress state analysis of a semi-infinite region with a hole by the combined method

A computational algorithm based on the FEM and Somigliana’s integral formula for the boundary problem in 3D medium is considered. The algorithm is modified for the case of inhomogeneous medium. Some practical boundary problems of geological and mechanical earth models are solved by algorithms discussed.

Development of Wimba 3 Dimension Interactive Animation Media on Plant Anatomy

The purpose of this research is to develop an interactive animated 3D media using Wimba. This interactive animation created media to facilitate student understanding about the structure and function of cells and tissues in plants through the 3D medium to increase the ability of spatial and high order thinking skills. The media is created using the Blender game engine. The method used is the software development life cycle or classic method can be called also waterfall. Research procedures, namely analysis, design, coding, and tests. Tests conducted several test stages, blackbox, test validation expert lecturers and student response. The result is a decent software has to be used, the appropriateness of materials, materials have represented cells and tissues of plants, precision 3D images, the shape of the cell has a precision and detail and aesthetics of software is already good.

Acoustic-gravity waves in a quiet region of the solar atmosphere

We study numerically the propagation of small-amplitude acoustic-gravity waves in a quiet region of the gravitationally stratified solar atmosphere. These waves are excited by a localized in-space periodic driver which acts in the vertical component of velocity at the bottom of the photosphere. Our aim is to study these waves and their period variations in space in 2D medium approximation. We collect the wave signals along few spatial directions to mimic line-of-sight (LOS) effects. The results of numerical simulations we performed reveal that the detected wave periods depend strongly on the LOS directions; above the driver, along the vertical direction, only acoustic waves with their periods smaller than about 300 s are free to propagate, while obliquely to the gravity action longer-period gravity waves can penetrate a quiet region of the solar atmosphere.

Young children’s contingent interactions with a touchscreen influence their memory for spatial and narrative content

ABSTRACT Young children have difficulty learning from two-dimensional (2D) sources (e.g., television). One reason for this may be that 2D media lacks the contingent feedback present in social interactions. Touchscreens can provide contingent, reciprocal responses in the absence of a social partner, and thus may have the potential to overcome the challenges of learning by viewing. We assessed 30- to 48-month-old children’s memory for eBook content and traced objects after interactive or observational touchscreen exposure. The degree of interactivity with the touchscreen varied by three conditions of (1) close-mapping in which the touchscreen input corresponded closely with the output, (2) far-mapping, and (3) watching a screen recording. Children who watched the screen recording did best on delayed object recognition for traced objects, whereas results for the eBook material revealed a condition by gender by age (months) interaction. Girls’ memory for eBook material improved with increasing age after interacting via near- or far-mapping. Results are discussed in terms of gender and age differences in executive functioning and the capacity of cognitive load, and the limitations of contingent interactions.

Bacterial hopping and trapping in porous media

Diverse processes—e.g. bioremediation, biofertilization, and microbial drug delivery—rely on bacterial migration in disordered, three-dimensional (3D) porous media. However, how pore-scale confinement alters bacterial motility is unknown due to the opacity of typical 3D media. As a result, models of migration are limited and often employ ad hoc assumptions. Here we reveal that the paradigm of run-and-tumble motility is dramatically altered in a porous medium. By directly visualizing individual Escherichia coli, we find that the cells are intermittently and transiently trapped as they navigate the pore space, exhibiting diffusive behavior at long time scales. The trapping durations and the lengths of “hops” between traps are broadly distributed, reminiscent of transport in diverse other disordered systems; nevertheless, we show that these quantities can together predict the long-time bacterial translational diffusivity. Our work thus provides a revised picture of bacterial motility in complex media and yields principles for predicting cellular migration.

(Invited) Graphene for Bioapplications: Toxicological Studies and Integration in 3D-Scaffolds

The biological applications of graphene materials are strongly conditioned by the need to handle these nanostructures under physiological conditions, essentially complex aqueous media. While the water stabilization of Graphene Oxide (GO) can be easily achieved, this material do not possess the electrical properties of graphene. On the other hand, the mechanical exfoliation of graphite has led to the efficient separation and stabilization of graphene sheets in water when water-soluble dispersant species are used in the exfoliation process. However, many surfactants may cause toxicity problems if they are not thoroughly removed. Our group has developed a facile and inexpensive ball milling process to exfoliate graphite and to prepare graphene dispersions in water. These aqueous suspensions can be freeze-dried, resulting in a soft powder that can be easily re-suspended in aqueous media, including cell culture media, at the desired concentration. We have also made sure that the redispersed solid retains the original properties of graphene. During this talk, we will discuss (i) studies of interaction of so-prepared solutions with cells; (ii) the use of graphene in hybrid hydrogels for drug delivery purposes and for 3D cell culture media.

Depth Map Estimation Using Defocus and Motion Cues

Significant recent developments in 3D display technology have focused on techniques for converting 2D media into 3D. Depth map is an integral part of 2D-to-3D conversion. Combining multiple depth cues results in a more accurate depth map as it compensates for the errors caused by one depth cue as well as its absence by other depth cues. In this paper, we present a novel framework to generate a more accurate depth map for video using defocus and motion cues. The moving objects present in the scene are the source of errors in both defocus and motion-based depth map estimation. The proposed method rectifies these errors in the depth map by integrating defocus blur and motion cues. In addition, it also corrects the errors in other parts of depth map caused by inaccurate estimation of defocus blur and motion. Since the proposed integration approach relies on the characteristics of point spread functions of defocus and motion blur along with their relations to camera parameters, it is more accurate and reliable.

Cinemacraft: exploring fidelity cues in collaborative virtual world interactions

The research presented in this paper explores the contribution of avatar fidelity to social interaction in virtual environments and how sensory fusion can improve these interactions. Specifically, we vary levels of interaction fidelity to investigate how responsiveness and behavioural realism affect people’s experience of interacting with virtual humans. This is accomplished through the creation of Cinemacraft, a technology-mediated immersive platform for collaborative human–computer interaction. Cinemacraft leverages a voxel game engine similar to Minecraft to facilitate collaborative interaction in a virtual 3D world and incorporates sensory fusion to improve the fidelity of real-time collaboration. The primary hypothesis of the study is that embodied interactions result in a higher degree of presence, and that sensory fusion can improve the quality of presence and co-presence. We tested our hypothesis through a user-study of 24 participants. Based on suggestions from existing literature, we sidestep the uncanny valley effect through the use of low fidelity avatars (a la Minecraft) and identify cues that impact users ratings of presence, co-presence and successful collaboration. The findings and ensuing data in this research can be applied to produce a more compelling platform for live collaborative interactions, performances, and empathetic storytelling. This research contributes to the field of immersive, collaborative interaction by making transparent the platform, methodology, instruments and code accessible for team members with less technological expertise, as well as developers aspiring to use interactive 3D media to promote further experimentation and conceptual discussions.

Perbandingan Pemahaman Konsep Siswa Pada Pembelajaran Impuls Dan Momentum Menggunakan Media Animasi 3D dengan 2D

This research aims to know a better concept comprehension between using 3D animation learning media with 2D on Impuls and Momentum learning and describe the concept comprehension on both treatments. The research method used is quantitative and descriptive. The research data was obtained through multiple choice test with the certainty of response index (CRI) answer sheet. The research design used was Pretest-Posttest Equivalent Group Design with a sample of two experimental classes selected at random. The results using Mann Whitney U-test showed a significance value of 0.009. This shows that the students' concept comprehension using 3D animation learning media is higher than using 2D animated learning media. The concept comprehension of students who understand the concept of the class using 3D animation media that is 41.99%, while the class that uses 2D animation media is 34.38%. For the misconception level in the classroom that uses 3D animation media that is 41.02%, while the class that uses 2D animation media is 43.95%.

Hydro‐micromechanical modeling of wave propagation in saturated granular crystals

SummaryBiot theory predicts wave velocities in a saturated granular medium using the pore geometry, viscosity, densities, and elastic moduli of the solid skeleton and pore fluid, neglecting the interaction between constituent particles and local flow, which becomes essential as the wavelength decreases. Here, a hydro‐micromechanical model, for direct numerical simulations of wave propagation in saturated granular media, is implemented by two‐way coupling the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and the discrete element method (DEM), which resolve the pore‐scale hydrodynamics and intergranular behavior, respectively. The coupling scheme is benchmarked with the terminal velocity of a single sphere settling in a fluid. In order to mimic a small amplitude pressure wave entering a saturated granular medium, an oscillating pressure boundary on the fluid is implemented and benchmarked with the one‐dimensional wave equation. The effects of input waveforms and frequencies on the dispersion relations in 3D saturated poroelastic media are investigated with granular face‐centered‐cubic crystals. Finally, the pressure and shear wave velocities predicted by the numerical model at various effective confining pressures are found to be in excellent agreement with Biot analytical solutions, including his prediction for slow compressional waves.

Mechanical and material properties of castings produced via 3D printed molds

Additive manufacture of sand molds via binder jetting enables the casting of complex metal geometries. Various material systems have been created for 3D printing of sand molds; however, a formal study of the materials’ effects on cast products has not yet been conducted. In this paper the authors investigate potential differences in material properties (microstructure, porosity, mechanical strength) of A356 – T6 castings resulting from two different commercially available 3D printing media. In addition, the material properties of cast products from traditional “no-bake” silica sand is used as a basis for comparison of castings produced by the 3D printed molds. It was determined that resultant castings yielded statistically equivalent results in four of the seven tests performed: dendrite arm spacing, porosity, surface roughness, and tensile strength and differed in sand tensile strength, hardness, and density.

An introduction to Marchenko methods for imaging

Geoscientists often have little information about earth’s subsurface heterogeneities prior to mapping them using seismic or other geophysical data. Marchenko methods are a set of novel, data-driven techniques that help us to project surface seismic data to points in the subsurface, to form seismograms as though they had been created at each point. In so doing, Marchenko methods account for many of the complex, multiply reflected seismic wave interactions that take place in the real earth’s subsurface. The resulting seismograms are the information required to create subsurface images that are more accurate than standard methods. Our aim is to introduce these concepts with the minimum amount of mathematics required to understand how the Marchenko method can iterate to a solution and to provide a well-commented, easily editable MATLAB code package for demonstration and training purposes. Green’s function estimation using the Marchenko method is first illustrated for a constant velocity, variable density, 1D medium, with results that indicate a near-perfect match when compared with true, synthetically modeled solutions. Similar quality results are shown for variable velocity, 2D Green’s function estimation. Finally, we determine how these estimates could be used to create images of the subsurface, which, when compared with standard methods, contain reduced contamination due to multiple-related artifacts. Our code package includes the 2D data set required to reconstruct the relevant figures that we present, and it allows for experimentation with the implementation of the Marchenko method and the application of Marchenko imaging.

A discontinuous Galerkin fast-sweeping eikonal solver for fast and accurate traveltime computation in 3D tilted anisotropic media

We tackle the challenging problem of efficient and accurate seismic traveltime computation in 3D anisotropic media by applying the fast-sweeping method to a discontinuous Galerkin (DG)-based eikonal solver. Using this method leads to a stable and highly accurate scheme, which is faster than finite-difference schemes for a given precision, and with a low computational cost compared to the standard Runge-Kutta DG formulation. The integral formulation of the DG method also makes it easy to handle seismic anisotropy and complex topographies. Several numerical tests on complex models, such as the 3D SEG advanced modeling model, are given as illustration, highlighting the efficiency and the accuracy of this new approach. In the near future, these results will be used together with accurate solvers for seismic amplitude and take-off angle computation to revisit asymptotic inversion (traveltime/slope tomography) and imaging approaches (quantitative migration involving amplitudes and angles).

04:12 PM Abstract No. 352 3-D printing and interventional radiology training: production of a vascular model and evaluation of 3-D printing media

As VIR technique and technology evolves ever more quickly, the traditional “See one, Do one, Teach one” teaching model is less able to keep pace. Procedural training modules may provide a viable alternative, but current simulators are limited by expense and lack of anatomic variability. The purposes of this study are (1) to determine if a realistic model could be 3D printed for use as a training tool and (2) to assess the differences in 3D printing media to produce the best model for IR training. This study is IRB approved and HIPAA compliant. From an existing database of computed tomography angiograms (CTA) of the abdomen and pelvis, a “normal” exam was selected based on absence of pathology, anatomic variation, and high signal to noise ratio. Advantage Workstation (General Electric, USA) was used to segment anatomic structures and Terarecon (Terarecon, USA) was used to export the structures for stereolithography rendering. Three vascular models from identical CTA data were 3D printed (Stratasys J750, Stratasys, USA) with varying flexibilities using Tango, a VeroClear/Agilus mixture, and VeroClear media (Stratasys, USA). Three IR attendings assessed each model for realistic appearance, fluoroscopic friendliness, realistic catheter feel, and educational utility. A vascular 3D model can be readily printed by a commercially available printer using CTA of the abdomen pelvis data. Flexible, semi-flexible, and rigid models can be produced by varying the print media. In 100% of the evaluations (n=3), the semi-flexible (mixture) model was found superior to the flexible (Tango) and rigid models (VeroClear) with respect to realistic catheter feel and educational utility. No difference was noted in other categories. Material costs of printing a model is ∼ $350. Fabrication by an external vendor costs $1358-$1695. A vascular model of the abdominal aorta and its branches suitable for hands-on procedural training can be 3D printed with low cost. VeroClear/Agilus mixture was found superior to Tango and VeroClear media due to realistic catheter feel and educational utility.

Comparison of Immunosuppressive and Angiogenic Properties of Human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells between 2D and 3D Culture Systems.

The secretion of potential therapeutic factors by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has aroused much interest given the benefits that it can bring in the field of regenerative medicine. Indeed, the in vitro multipotency of these cells and the secretive capacity of both angiogenic and immunomodulatory factors suggest a role in tissue repair and regeneration. However, during culture, MSCs rapidly lose the expression of key transcription factors associated with multipotency and self-renewal, as well as the ability to produce functional paracrine factors. In our study, we show that a three-dimensional (3D) culture method is effective to induce MSC spheroid formation, to maintain the multipotency and to improve the paracrine activity of a specific population of human amnion-derived MSCs (hAMSCs). The regenerative potential of both 3D culture-derived conditioned medium (3D CM) and their exosomes (EXO) was assessed against 2D culture products. In particular, tubulogenesis assays revealed increased capillary maturation in the presence of 3D CM compared with both 2D CM and 2D EXO. Furthermore, 3D CM had a greater effect on inhibition of PBMC proliferation than both 2D CM and 2D EXO. To support this data, hAMSC spheroids kept in our 3D culture system remained viable and multipotent and secreted considerable amounts of both angiogenic and immunosuppressive factors, which were detected at lower levels in 2D cultures. This work reveals the placenta as an important source of MSCs that can be used for eventual clinical applications as cell-free therapies.

Study of Lighting and Material Iterations in Full Scale Model Using Virtual Reality and Interactive Architectural Representation

Common architectural visualization is using 3D digital model represented in 2D media such as screen and papers. However, this method has two limitations. First, it does not have a full scale to provide a true perception space. Second, the 2D media to represent the 3D model is static. These limitations diminish the user’s experience and understanding of space. Currently, architectural visualization is starting to utilize technological advances of virtual reality (VR) and interactive game engine. The full-scale projection in VR can minimize the perception gap between the client’s and the designer’s idea. It also has interactivity that enables users to explore the space and perform direct manipulation at some design aspects. This paper observes how VR and interactive technology is used to explore scale, lighting experience, and material iterations. The research was conducted for one semester in 2 courses. In these courses, students worked in groups to create, experience, test, and evaluate their design through 3D VR environment and interactive representation. Afterwards, the VR was tested to common users. We examined the enhancement that users get by experiencing design through VR compared to viewing the architectural visualization on picture and discuss how this could be improved and integrated to curriculum.

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning Berbantuan Program Cabri 3D untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Materi Pokok Dimensi Tiga

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in the three dimensional material with the Discovery Learning model assisted by the 3D CABRI program. The type of research used is Classroom Action Research. The results showed that discovery learning learning models assisted by Cabri 3D media can improve student learning outcomes. This is evidenced by an increase from the pre cycle with the class average value of 63.06 increasing to 63.89 in the first cycle and in the second cycle the average increased again to 83.13. Classical learning completeness also increased from 9.26% in the pre-cycle to 38.89% in the first cycle and increased again in the second cycle to 80%.