Ml Of Solution Research Articles

In ovo administration of the Marek's disease vaccine in conjunction with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and its subsequent effects on the performance and immunity-related characteristics of Ross 708 broiler hatchlings1,2,3

The combined effects of the in ovo injection of commercial Marek's disease vaccine (MDV) and various levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) on the hatch variables, immunological measurements, and gene expression of Ross 708 hatchling broilers were investigated. A total of 5 in ovo injection treatments that were applied at 18 d of incubation (doi) included: 1) noninjected (control); or a 50 μL solution volume of 2) MDV alone; or MDV combined with 3) 0.6 μg of 25OHD3; 4) 1.2 μg of 25OHD3; or 5) 2.4 μg of 25OHD3. At hatch, hatchability of set and live embryonated eggs, hatchling body weight, hatch residue analysis, serum IgY and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) concentrations, and the expression of genes related to immunity (INFα, INFβ, INFγ, TLR-3, and TLR-21) and vitamin D3 activity (1 α-hydroxylase, 24 hydroxylase, and vitamin D receptor) were determined. No significant treatment differences were observed for hatchability of set and live embryonated eggs, or for serum IgY and AGP concentrations. However, hatchling body weight was higher when MDV was combined with either 1.2 or 2.4 μg of 25OHD3 than when MDV was provided alone or in combination with 0.6 μg of 25OHD3. Also, in comparison to the noninjected treatment group, the expression of the genes for 1 α-hydroxylase and 24 hydroxylase was improved when MDV was combined with either 1.2 or 2.4 μg of 25OHD3. Lastly, expression of the genes linked to viral detection (TLR-3) and antibody production (INF-β) was increased in those treatments that contained any level of 25OHD3. These results indicate that in comparison to controls, the effects of MDV were observed to be greater on hatchling BW and splenic gene expression when it was administered in combination with the 1.2 or 2.4 μg doses of 25OHD3. Further research is needed to determine the posthatch effects of the administration of various levels of 25OHD3 in combination with MDV.

Self-Functionalized Superlattice Nanosensor Enables Glioblastoma Diagnosis Using Liquid Biopsy.

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive and lethal brain cancer, is detected only in the advanced stage, resulting in a median survival rate of 15 months. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish GBM diagnosis tools to identify the tumor accurately. The clinical relevance of the current liquid biopsy techniques for GBM diagnosis remains mostly undetermined, owing to the challenges posed by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that restricts biomarkers entering the circulation, resulting in the unavailability of clinically validated circulating GBM markers. GBM-specific liquid biopsy for diagnosis and prognosis of GBM has not yet been developed. Here, we introduce extracellular vesicles of GBM cancer stem cells (GBM CSC-EVs) as a previously unattempted, stand-alone GBM diagnosis modality. As GBM CSCs are fundamental building blocks of tumor initiation and recurrence, it is desirable to investigate these reliable signals of malignancy in circulation for accurate GBM diagnosis. So far, there are no clinically validated circulating biomarkers available for GBM. Therefore, a marker-free approach was essential since conventional liquid biopsy relying on isolation methodology was not viable. Additionally, a mechanism capable of trace-level detection was crucial to detecting the rare GBM CSC-EVs from the complex environment in circulation. To break these barriers, we applied an ultrasensitive superlattice sensor, self-functionalized for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), to obtain holistic molecular profiling of GBM CSC-EVs with a marker-free approach. The superlattice sensor exhibited substantial SERS enhancement and ultralow limit of detection (LOD of attomolar 10-18 M concentration) essential for trace-level detection of invisible GBM CSC-EVs directly from patient serum (without isolation). We detected as low as 5 EVs in 5 μL of solution, achieving the lowest LOD compared to existing SERS-based studies. We have experimentally demonstrated the crucial role of the signals of GBM CSC-EVs in the precise detection of glioblastoma. This was evident from the unique molecular profiles of GBM CSC-EVs demonstrating significant variation compared to noncancer EVs and EVs of GBM cancer cells, thus adding more clarity to the current understanding of GBM CSC-EVs. Preliminary validation of our approach was undertaken with a small amount of peripheral blood (5 μL) derived from GBM patients with 100% sensitivity and 97% specificity. Identification of the signals of GBM CSC-EV in clinical sera specimens demonstrated that our technology could be used for accurate GBM detection. Our technology has the potential to improve GBM liquid biopsy, including real-time surveillance of GBM evolution in patients upon clinical validation. This demonstration of liquid biopsy with GBM CSC-EV provides an opportunity to introduce a paradigm potentially impacting the current landscape of GBM diagnosis.

Alternative Management of Raoiella Indica Hirst, 1924 (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) With Passion Fruit Seed Extract

Objective: The aim of this work was to evaluate the acaricidal potential of the passion fruit seed extract (Passiflora edulis) in controlling the red palm mite (R. indica). Theoretical framework: Raoiella indica is a pest mite of agricultural interest, considered one of the main pests of banana, coconut, date palm, and ornamental crops. Method: The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design using passion fruit seed extract, with 7 repetitions and 12 R. indica individuals per repetition. The concentration tested was 1.0; 1.72; 2.95; 5.08; 8.73, and 15.0 %. The experimental units consisted of coconut leaf discs (4 cm in diameter) with moist cotton at the bottom of the Petri dish (10.0 x 1.2 cm) and around the disc to maintain turgidity and prevent the mites from escaping. The application was carried out using an airbrush, connected to a compressor calibrated with a constant pressure of 1.3 psi and 1 mL of solution per plate. The evaluation was conducted at intervals of 24, 48, and 72 hours following the extract's spraying. Results and discussion: Mortality was observed in the dose-response model, the concentration of 15 % showed mortality rates greater than 98.8 % of individuals. Amounts of phenolics of 10.242, tannins of 14.837, and flavonoids of 9.700 in mg g-1 were found, attributing the mortality of individuals to the presence of these compounds. It was concluded that the passion fruit seed extract has an acaricidal effect on R. indica in the laboratory. Implications of the research: Alternative pest management has grown substantially in recent years, given the demand for more sustainable products in the agricultural field. The use of botanical extracts is beneficial to the environment, as it does not promote soil and water contamination and can be an efficient method for controlling agricultural pests. Originality/value: This article adds value to research areas such as alternative management of agricultural pests, and sustainability and suggests a change in the environmentally conscious behavior of rural producers.

Insights into mustard gas keratopathy- characterizing corneal layer-specific changes in mice exposed to nitrogen mustard

Exposure to mustard agents, such as sulfur mustard (SM) and nitrogen mustard (NM), often results in ocular surface damage. This can lead to the emergence of various corneal disorders that are collectively referred to as mustard gas keratopathy (MGK). In this study, we aimed to develop a mouse model of MGK by using ocular NM exposure, and describe the subsequent structural changes analyzed across the different layers of the cornea. A 3 μL solution of 0.25 mg/mL or 5 mg/mL NM was applied to the center of the cornea via a 2-mm filter paper for 5 min. Mice were evaluated prior to and after exposure on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 for 4 weeks using slit lamp examination with fluorescein staining. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) tracked changes in the epithelium, stroma, and endothelium of the cornea. Histologic evaluation was used to examine corneal cross-sections collected at the completion of follow-up. Following exposure, mice experienced central corneal epithelial erosion and thinning, accompanied by a decreased number of nerve branches in the subbasal plexus and increased activated keratocytes in the stroma in both dosages. The epithelium was recovered by day 3 in the low dose group, followed by exacerbated punctuate erosions alongside persistent corneal edema that arose and continued onward to four weeks post-exposure. The high dose group showed persistent epitheliopathy throughout the study. The endothelial cell density was reduced, more prominent in the high dose group, early after NM exposure, which persisted until the end of follow-up, along with increased polymegethism and pleomorphism. Microstructural changes in the central cornea at 4 weeks post-exposure included dysmorphic basal epithelial cells and reduced epithelial thickness, and in the limbal cornea included decreased cellular layers. We present a mouse model of MGK using NM that successfully replicates ocular injury caused by SM in humans who have been exposed to mustard gas.

Enamel Remineralization Efficacy of Coconut Milk and Lyophilized Coconut Extract in Different Concentrations on Demineralized Enamel Surfaces: An In-Vitro Study.

Aim The current study's objective is to determine the remineralizing efficacy of freeze-dried lyophilized coconut extract and coconut milk made from freshly grated coconut on artificial carious lesions produced by pH cycling. Materials and methods Freshly extracted coconut pulp was split into two parts. The first half was blended to obtain coconut milk, and the second part was freeze-dried and lyophilized. Tooth slabs were prepared from extracted third molar teeth. After being demineralized for 72 hours, the tooth samples were remineralized by submerging them in the appropriate remineralizing solution, which is as follows: Group 1 received 25 mL of the Remineralization solution (the control); Group 2 received 2.5 g of coconut milk and 25 mL of the solution (1:1); and Group 3 received 5 g of coconut milk and 25 mL of the solution (2:1). 2.5 g of freeze-dried, lyophilized coconut extract was given to Group 4 along with 25 mL of remineralization solution (1:1), and 5 g of freeze-dried, lyophilized coconut extract was given to Group 5 along with 25 mL of remineralization solution (2:1). Microhardness and contact angle measurements were made. An Excel spreadsheet was filled up with values from after demineralization, and after remineralization. A statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Using descriptive statistics, the pretreatment mean values for the microhardness and contact angle of the various groups were evaluated. Post-hoc Tukey tests were utilized to compare the analytic results of the various groups. Results Among the various concentrations of freshly extracted coconut milk, the contact angle inconcentrations of 1:1 was 81.22 ± 1.62 deg, and that in concentrations of 2:1 was 88.01 ± 1.85 deg. Between the two concentrations of the lyophilized coconut extract group, the contact angle in 1:1 was 75.05 ± 2.29 deg, and in 2:1 was 71.37 ± 0.85 deg. In the coconut milk group, the value of microhardness was 261 ± 6.4 kg/cm2 at a lower concentration and 322 ±3.9 kg/cm2 at a higher concentration. In the lyophilized coconut group, the lower concentration exhibited a microhardness of 211 ±7.2 kg/cm2, whereas in the higher concentration, it was 324 ±4.04 kg/cm2. Conclusion Of the various concentrations of coconut milk and lyophilized coconut used, coconut milk at a higher concentration exhibits the highest contact angle, and the latter at a higher concentration exhibits the lowest contact angle. In both groups, high concentrations of the material exhibited high microhardness values compared to lower concentrations of the same.

A Strategy to Valorize a By-Product of Pine Wood (Pinus pinaster) for Copper Removal from Aqueous Solutions.

This study describes the valorization of a pine wood by-product (Pinus pinaster) in the form of individualized fibers to a complex copper or more broadly metals present in an aqueous solution using a batch process. The adsorption results show that pine fibres activated by sodium carbonate are effective in recovering copper ions from monocontaminated or polycontaminated solutions of varying concentrations in a few minutes. One gram of material captures 2.5 mg of copper present in 100 mL of solution at pH 5 in less than 10 min. The results are perfectly reproducible and independent of pH between 3 and 5. The presence of the Na+ cation at concentrations of 0.1 M has no impact on material performance, unlike that of Ca2+ ions, which competes with Cu2+ ions for active sites. The adsorption process can be considered as rapid, as most of the copper is adsorbed within the first 10 min of exposure. Investigation of modeling possibilities shows some limitations. Indeed, the Weber and Morris and Elovich models show poor possibilities to describe all the kinetic data for copper adsorption on fibres. This may prove that the mechanism is far more complex than simple physisorption, chemisorption and/or diffusion. Complexation by wood fibers can be extended to solutions containing several types of metals. The results of this study show that the field of selective metal recovery could be a new way of valorizing by-products from the wood industry.

INFLUENCE OF FULVIC ACID ON INCREASING LIFE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE OF BEEES

The article presents the results of research for (2020–2021). The results of the influence of different doses of fulvic acid on increasing the life span of bees kept in entomological cages and improving their physiological state are given. The studies were carried out in laboratory conditions at an air temperature of +27 ± 2°C, on bees of spring-summer generation. The experiment included three groups of bees in triplicate. The first group – control, in this group, the bees consumed 60% sucrose solution as top dressing. In the second group, the bees consumed a 60% sucrose solution, to which fulvic acid was added, at the rate of 0.1 ml per 200 ml of solution. The third group was fed a 60% sucrose solution, to which fulvic acid was added, at the rate of 0.2 ml per 200 ml of solution. According to the results of the research, it was found that fulvic acid at a dose of 0.1 ml per 200 ml of solution contributed to the prolongation of the life of bees. In this variant of the experiment, 30–40% death of bees occurred five, and 50% and 60% four days later than in the control. Fulvic acid, where an increased dose was used, did not have a significant effect on the lifespan of bees. As the bees aged, fulvic acid in both variants of the experiment reduced the load on the rectum and toxicity to the body, thereby improving their physiological state.

Effect of Lavage Solution Type on Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Cytology in Clinically Healthy Horses.

Equine bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is usually performed with 250-500 mL of isotonic saline at pH 5.5. The acidic pH of saline may cause an increase in airway neutrophil count 48 h after BAL. Other isotonic solutions such as Ringer's solution, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or Plasma-Lyte 148® have a neutral pH of 7.4 and might be a better choice for BAL by not provoking inflammation and the influx of neutrophils into airways. BAL was performed in four healthy horses in four different lung lobes using four different solutions in a randomized crossover design. In each lobe, BAL was performed twice with a 48 h interval using 250 mL of solution. Automated total nucleated cell counts (TNCs) were recorded, and differential cell counts in lavage fluid were determined by two investigators blinded to treatments. The mean volume of BAL fluid retrieved was 51 ± 14%. The mean neutrophil percentage (%N) increased from 1.5 ± 0.9% to 14.7 ± 9.6% at 48 h (p < 0.001) but was not significantly affected by the solution used or the lung lobe sampled. In conclusion, in this study, the influx of neutrophils into airways after BAL was independent of the type of isotonic solution used and the lung lobe sampled. Saline remains an appropriate solution for BAL in horses.

Proposal of a chronic toxicity test using the tropical epibenthic amphipod Parhyale hawaiensis

Chronic toxicity tests with representative organisms are essential for ecological risk assessment. The circumtropical marine amphipod Parhyale hawaiensis is a promising test organism in ecotoxicology. This study aimed to develop a chronic toxicity protocol for liquid samples testing with P. hawaiensis using reproduction and growth as endpoints. In the proposed protocol, organisms (≤52 days old) are placed in 5 replicates each containing 100 mL of solution, 10 organisms, and 5 g of crushed coral for 42 days of exposure. The protocol was successfully developed but reproduction showed better performance than growth rate. NOECs based on reproduction were determined for zinc (0.10 mg Zn L−1) and 3,4-DCA (0.50 mg L−1), and they are of the same order of magnitude compared with the values of other amphipods. The developed test based on reproduction can be considered a promising tool for hazard characterizations although more tests with different substances are still needed.

Similar functional roles of the Orexin-1 and Orexin-2 receptors within the dentate gyrus area of the hippocampus in the stress-induced antinociceptive responses in the acute pain model in the rat

Studies establish that the brain's Orexin system is involved in pain modulation. Orexin-1 and orexin-2 receptors (OX1 and OX2r, respectively) are essential in responsiveness to stressful stimuli. Some evidence indicates that the hippocampus's dentate gyrus (DG) potentially modulates pain and stress. The present study examined the involvement of OX1 and OX2 receptors within the DG in response to acute pain after exposure to forced swim stress (FSS). Five to seven days post-stereotaxic surgery, the baseline tail-flick latency (TFL) was taken from the animal, then rats unilaterally received through an implanted cannula either different doses of OX1r antagonist (SB334867; 1, 3, 10, and 30 nmol), OX2r antagonist (TCS OX2 29; 1, 3, 10 and 30 nmol), or vehicle (0.5 μl solution of 12% DMSO). After 5 min, rats were exposed to the FSS for six minutes. Subsequently, the tail-flick test was conducted, and the TFLs were measured at the 60-min time set intervals. Results indicated that FSS produces antinociceptive responses in the tail-flick test. Two-way ANOVA analysis showed that Microinjection of OX1r and OX2r antagonists into the DG region of the brain reduced FSS-induced analgesia in the tail-flick test. The decrement effects of these two antagonists were almost the same. Additionally, results showed that the role of both receptors was the same in modulating stress-induced analgesia (SIA). These findings show that the orexin system in the hippocampal DG region might be partially involved in the SIA in acute pain.

OPTIMIZATION OF COLONY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION FOR THE 16SRRNA OF DIFFERENT STRAINS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI

Objective: This work aimed to enhance colony polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the 16S rRNA of several Escherichia coli strains. Methods: The isolation of E. coli is done from the gut of the chicken and soil. Then, we optimized the condition for colony PCR for the amplification of 16s ribosomal RNA. We successfully designed primer 3 for 16s ribosomal RNA and made the dilution solution with PCR grade water that is 1:10. Moreover, finally, we made a 20 μL solution that contains the master mix of our isolated colony and forward and reverse base primer for amplification. After the conventional PCR, the amplified 16s ribosomal RNA was then run on Gel to obtain the desired bands. And finally saw the bands in the Gel Doc picture. Results: Our result shows that the technique of colony PCR is an efficient and quick method than other existing methods that are too costly, tedious, and time-consuming procedures that deter their exploitation in various experimentations and for the identification of E. coli strains. Conclusion: This study concluded that 16s ribosomal RNA can be amplified without the extraction and purification of total genomic DNA from a bacterial colony using colony PCR. Therefore, by designing rRNA primers for E. coli species, we can evaluate their various types of mutations, strain detection, and antibiotic resistance.

Removal of Metals and Dyes in Water Using Low-Cost Agro-Industrial Waste Materials

The pollution of water bodies due to the discharge of effluents without treatment is a global problem. Therefore, different technologies have been implemented for the removal of contaminants from wastewater before the final disposition. Among them, adsorption processes using residual biomasses are becoming very popular due to the low cost and high availability of adsorbents. Thus, in the present work, the synthesis of modified biochar from agro-industrial residues derived from the wheat-processing industry, as a valorization alternative of these residues, for its use in the removal of Cr (VI) and methylene blue (MB) has been analyzed. The biochar was prepared using a ramp function of 5 °C/min until 250 °C for 30 min. The adsorption tests were developed in a batch system, using 30 mg of adsorbent in 10 mL of solution. From SEM analysis, the formation of tubular cavities and porous structure was seen, caused by the basic hydrolysis with KOH. From adsorption tests, an adsorption capacity of 12.98 mg/g and 97.38% of efficiency for MB at pH 10 was noted, while for Cr (VI), it was 11.35 mg/g and 85.15% at pH 2. Freundlich’s model adjusted the adsorption equilibrium data with R2 &gt; 0.9. The maximum adsorption capacities in the monolayer were 186,375 mg/g and 90.723 mg/g for Cr (VI) and MB, according to Langmuir’s model. From a kinetic study, it can be said that the process occurs by chemisorption through electrostatic interaction and ionic interchange between adsorbate and adsorbent.

Multiple thermocycles followed by LAMP with only two primers for ultrasensitive colorimetric viral RNA testing and tracking at single-base resolution

Rapid, accurate and high throughput measurement of infectious viruses is an urgent need to prevent viral transmission. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is an attractive isothermal amplification method for nucleic acid detection, especially for point-of-care (POC) testing, but it needs at least four primers and its sensitivity is also limited when integrating with visual detection methods. Herein, by designing only two primers to precisely recognize the four regions of the target, we developed a multiple thermocycles-based LAMP method (MTC-LAMP) for sensitive and specific testing and tracking of viral RNA. We also introduced a novel SYBR Green I (SG)-assisted stable colorimetric assay induced by the amplification products through the charge neutralization effect of positively charged SG toward gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The ultralow nonspecific background of the double exponential amplification improved the detection sensitivity to near single-molecule level (1 aM, 3 copies in 5 μL solution), which was higher than RT-PCR and RT-LAMP. After adding AuNPs, a significant color difference between target and blank was immediately observed by naked eye. By introducing a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) clamp into our colorimetric MTC-LAMP assay, the specific distinguish of virus variants at single-base resolution was observed without the requirement of any equipment. This assay shows great potential for large-scale screening and tracking of the threatening viruses with ultrahigh sensitivity and pronounced colorimetric output, which is of great importance for pandemic control.

Potential of Cassava Peel as Cr Metal Biosorbent in Laboratory COD Waste

Cassava peel is an agricultural residual waste that can be found from industrial processing in Indonesia. Cassava peel contains cellulose which can be used as a biosorbent. The aim of this study was to optimize the adsorption of cassava peel waste on chromium metal ions and then to determine the adsorption capacity and adsorption constant values of the Langmuir model and the Freundlich model. The research was divided into four stages, namely manufacture, optimization conditions, maximum capacity, and application to waste. Optimization conditions for weight ratio, optimum concentration, pH, and contact time. Determination of chromium content, standard series, and testing using the APHA method SSA ed. 23rd 3030 D 3111 B, 2017 at a wavelength of 357.78 nm. Determination of adsorption isotherms of Langmuir and Freundlich models. The optimum condition results at a weight ratio of 1 gram in 10 ml of solution, a concentration of 10 ppm, pH 2, and a contact time of 180 minutes. The adsorption capacity is 0.10216 mg Cr/gram cassava peel biosorbent. Application to chrome contamination laboratory waste obtained an adsorbed concentration of 20.681 ppm. In the Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal model, the R2 value is 0.9668 and 0.9985, the n value is 0.73964.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN LARUTAN DAUN BINAHONG DALAM AIR MINUM TERHADAP PERFORMA AYAM BROILER FASE AWAL (The Effect of Administration of Binahong Leaf Solution in Drinking Water on The Performance of Early Phase Broiler Chicken)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving binahong leaf solution on the performance of early-phase broilers. The material used was 96 DOC Strain CP 707 broiler chickens produced by PT Charoen Pokphan Indonesia. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and six replications. The treatments tried were: R0: Drinking water without binahong leaf solution, R1: Drinking water containing 20 ml of binahong leaf solution per liter of water, R2: Drinking water containing 30 ml of binahong leaf solution per liter of water, R3: Drinking water containing 40 ml of solution binahong leaves per liter of water. Parameters measured were daily body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and water intake. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the treatment had no significant effect (P&gt;0.05) on feed intake, daily body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and drinking water intake. The conclusion of this study was that the administration of binahong leaf solution with levels of 0, 20, 30 and 40 ml/l drinking water gave the same effect on the performance of early-phase broilers.

A phase I dose-escalation clinical trial with PLZ4-coated paclitaxel-loaded micelles (PPM) in patients with recurrent or refractory non-myoinvasive bladder cancer.

TPS4615 Background: Bladder carcinoma is one of the top ten cancers in the US with approximately 75% of patients initially presenting with non-myoinvasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The current standard of care for NMIBC is transurethral resection (TUR) followed by intravesical instillation, usually with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Despite combination treatment, 20-80% of patients' disease recurs and 25% progress to invasive stages. The study drug, PLZ4-coated paclitaxel-loaded micelle (PPM), is a solvent-free injectable nanoscale micelle formulation of paclitaxel (PTX). Preclinical data on bladder cancer-specific targeting ligand named PLZ4 has shown potential to specifically deliver chemotherapeutic micelle into bladder cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo (Zhang, Urol Oncol 2012). In a toxicokinetic study, female Sprague Dawley rats were given intravesicular injections of PPM once weekly for 6 consecutive weeks. No drug related mortality was reported, and no systematic exposure of PPM was observed in toxicokinetic analysis. The purpose of this phase I trial with PPM is to determine the toxicity and recommended Phase II dose. Methods: This is a single arm, open label, Phase I dose-escalation first-in-human trial with an expansion cohort for the treatment of recurrent or refractory NMIBC with PPM. Eligibility includes BCG unresponsive carcinoma in situ or Ta/T1 urothelial carcinoma. Treatment with pembrolizumab is not an inclusion or exclusion criteria as intravesical taxane has comparable efficacy as intravenous pembrolizumab. Up to 29 patients will be recruited at VA Boston Healthcare system. PPM will be given once weekly for six weeks, 50 ml of solution regardless of patient's size or weight will be administered as intravesical instillation. A 3 + 3 design is adopted for this Phase I trial. There are three dose levels at the dose escalation stage: Dose level I: PTX 25 mg or 0.5 mg/ml; Dose Level II: PTX 50 mg or 1.0 mg/ml; Dose Level III: PTX 75 mg or 1.5 mg/ml. At the expansion cohort, up to 12 patients will be treated with PPM at PTX dose of 50 mg or 1.0 mg/ml to determine the efficacy. The primary objective is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of PPM administered through intravesical instillation and determine the recommended Phase II dose of PPM. The secondary objectives are to evaluate the tumor response at 6 weeks after last treatment, determine systemic absorption within 6 hours after intravesical instillation of PPM and assess progression free survival. The efficacy will be determined by urine cytology and cystoscopy after finishing treatment. Molecular correlative studies will be performed. The toxicity will be assessed by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0. Patients will be followed at 3 month intervals for 2 years or until disease recurrence or progression. This study is currently open for enrollment. NCT05519241. Clinical trial information: NCT05519241 .

Effect of sodium/calcium hypochlorite on adhesion and adaptation of fiber posts luted with a dual resin cement.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and calcium hypochlorite [Ca(OCl)2] on the bond strength and adaptation of glass fiber posts luted with a dual-curing resin cement. Fifty decoronated premolars were sectioned 14 mm from the apex and endodontically treated. The root canal filling was partially removed. The specimens were divided into 5 groups (n=10) according to the irrigant for post space irrigation: 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl), (control); 2.5% NaOCl; 5.25% NaOCl; 2.5% Ca(OCl)2; and 5.25% Ca(OCl)2. For each group, irrigation was performed with 5 ml of solution. Afterward, the posts were luted with a dual-curing resin cement. One slice from each third was obtained and submitted to the push-out test and failure modes analysis. An additional slice from the middle third was submitted to confocal images for analysis of adaptation failures (gaps). Two-way ANOVA, Tukey's post-hoc, Kruskal-Wallis with Bonferroni adjusted, and chi-square tests, analyzed data. The group treated with 5.25% NaOCl showed lower bond strength values and generated more cohesive failures compared to the control (p < 0.05). Bond strength decreased from coronal to apical in the post space (p < 0.001). The groups treated with NaOCl had the highest percentages of gaps compared to the control (p < 0.05). Regardless of concentration, Ca(OCl)2 did not influence the bond strength and the occurrence of gaps (P > 0.05). Ca(OCl)2 is a good option for irrigating the post space before luting a fiber post with a dual-curing resin cement.

Detection of HER-3 with an AlGaN/GaN-Based Ion-Sensitive Heterostructure Field Effect Transistor Biosensor.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor-3 (HER-3) plays a key role in the growth and metastasis of cancer cells. The detection of HER-3 is very important for early screening and treatment of cancer. The AlGaN/GaN-based ion-sensitive heterostructure field effect transistor (ISHFET) is sensitive to surface charges. This makes it a promising candidate for the detection of HER-3. In this paper, we developed a biosensor for the detection of HER-3 with AlGaN/GaN-based ISHFET. The AlGaN/GaN-based ISHFET biosensor exhibits a sensitivity of 0.53 ± 0.04 mA/dec in 0.01 M phosphate buffer saline (1× PBS) (pH = 7.4) solution with 4% bovine serum albumin (BSA) at a source and drain voltage of 2 V. The detection limit is 2 ng/mL. A higher sensitivity (2.20 ± 0.15 mA/dec) can be achieved in 1× PBS buffer solution at a source and drain voltage of 2 V. The AlGaN/GaN-based ISHFET biosensor can be used for micro-liter (5 μL) solution measurements and the measurement can be performed after incubation of 5 min.

Measurement of vitamin K and its derivatives in human plasma through enzyme-assisted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay.

Vitamin K is an essential lipophilic vitamin that acts as a coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Accurate measurement of apolar metabolites transported by lipoproteins in serum matrices requires high-recovery extractions of vitamin K and its derivatives following standardized protocols. Conventionally developed methods in this field have predominantly employed solid-phase extraction for the measurement of vitamin K and its derivatives. In this study, our objective was to develop an enzyme-assisted extraction method for the precise measurement of vitamin K and its derivatives. Our methodology involved mixing 450 µL of serum samples with 50 µL of an internal standard and 50 µL of a lipase enzyme solution. Following vortexing, the mixture was incubated at 37°C for 15 min to activate the enzymes. The enzyme reaction was subsequently quenched with a mixture of 250 µL of methanol and 1 mL of hexane, followed by centrifugation at 12,000 g for 5 min. The upper phase was collected, concentrated using a concentrator device, and dissolved in a 100 µL solution of methanol/acetone/isopropanol (7:1:1, v/v/v) for analysis. Spectrum analysis was performed using the open-source MZmine 3 software, and a reference interval was established using the Python programming language on the Google Colab platform. The developed method for measuring vitamin K and its derivatives exhibited limit of detection and limit of quantitation values of 0.005 and 0.01 ng/mL, respectively. In conclusion, our study presents a precise and reliable method for the measurement of vitamin K and its derivatives using enzyme-assisted extraction.

Role Globularia in the inhibition of calcium oxalate crystallization in vitro study

Plant extracts are known to modulate calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystallization. One of these is Globularia, the root and flower. Medicinals plants has been demonstrated to be an efficient inhibitor of CaOx crystal growth; however, its inhibitory activity against other events in CaOx crystallization has not been fully investigated. To assess the potential of Globularia as an effective inhibitor, its effects on CaOx crystal nucleation and aggregation were evaluated. Nucleation and aggregation of CaOx crystals were studied by artificial urine is prepared by mixing and stirring two equal volumes of 50 ml of solutions A and B at constant temperature (37°C). In the nucleation assay, crystallization was induced by mixing calcium chloride and sodium oxalate, The addition of extracts Globularia flower and root , acts on the phase of growth crystallisation ; the rate of inhibition capacity in concentration 100 % is 96.09% , and 96.77% for concentration 75% respectively, On note that these inhibitors developed an inhibition important on the low concentration. Globularia is an efficient inhibitor of crystal nucleation and aggregation. Its presence in the kidneys and urine may protect subjects against CaOx crystallization and kidney stone formation.