Enamel Remineralization Efficacy of Coconut Milk and Lyophilized Coconut Extract in Different Concentrations on Demineralized Enamel Surfaces: An In-Vitro Study.

Abstract

Aim The current study's objective is to determine the remineralizing efficacy of freeze-dried lyophilized coconut extract and coconut milk made from freshly grated coconut on artificial carious lesions produced by pH cycling. Materials and methods Freshly extracted coconut pulp was split into two parts. The first half was blended to obtain coconut milk, and the second part was freeze-dried and lyophilized. Tooth slabs were prepared from extracted third molar teeth. After being demineralized for 72 hours, the tooth samples were remineralized by submerging them in the appropriate remineralizing solution, which is as follows: Group 1 received 25 mL of the Remineralization solution (the control); Group 2 received 2.5 g of coconut milk and 25 mL of the solution (1:1); and Group 3 received 5 g of coconut milk and 25 mL of the solution (2:1). 2.5 g of freeze-dried, lyophilized coconut extract was given to Group 4 along with 25 mL of remineralization solution (1:1), and 5 g of freeze-dried, lyophilized coconut extract was given to Group 5 along with 25 mL of remineralization solution (2:1). Microhardness and contact angle measurements were made. An Excel spreadsheet was filled up with values from after demineralization, and after remineralization. A statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Using descriptive statistics, the pretreatment mean values for the microhardness and contact angle of the various groups were evaluated. Post-hoc Tukey tests were utilized to compare the analytic results of the various groups. Results Among the various concentrations of freshly extracted coconut milk, the contact angle inconcentrations of 1:1 was 81.22 ± 1.62 deg, and that in concentrations of 2:1 was 88.01 ± 1.85 deg. Between the two concentrations of the lyophilized coconut extract group, the contact angle in 1:1 was 75.05 ± 2.29 deg, and in 2:1 was 71.37 ± 0.85 deg. In the coconut milk group, the value of microhardness was 261 ± 6.4 kg/cm2 at a lower concentration and 322 ±3.9 kg/cm2 at a higher concentration. In the lyophilized coconut group, the lower concentration exhibited a microhardness of 211 ±7.2 kg/cm2, whereas in the higher concentration, it was 324 ±4.04 kg/cm2. Conclusion Of the various concentrations of coconut milk and lyophilized coconut used, coconut milk at a higher concentration exhibits the highest contact angle, and the latter at a higher concentration exhibits the lowest contact angle. In both groups, high concentrations of the material exhibited high microhardness values compared to lower concentrations of the same.